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자폐장애 환자에서 FMR-1 유전 삼염기 반복의 분자생물학적 분석
곽호순,정철호,전효진,장은진,김희철,김정범,박영남 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2000 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.11 No.1
연구목적 : 자폐장애의 원인을 유전학적으로 규명하려는 연구가 시도되고 있으며, 그 중 fragile-X 증후군과의 연관성에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. fragile-X 염색체(Xq27.3)는 세포유전학적 방법으로 증명할 수 있으나 검사에 많은 제약과 단점이 있으므로, 본 연구에서는 보다 신뢰성이 높은 분자 생물학적 방법으로 FMR-1 유전자내 CGG 삼염기 반복부위를 분석하여 자폐장애와 fragile-X 증후군의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법 : 자폐장애 환아(99명)와 정상대조군(8명)을 대상으로 FMR-1 유전자의 CGG 반복배열 부위를 sense와 antisense primer를 이용하여 PCR법으로 분석하엿으며, 동시에 세포유전학적 검사도 시행하였다. PCR 분석에서 CGG 반복수가 50 이상인 경우에 대해서는 StB12.3 혹은 Pfxa3 probe를 이용한 Sourthern blot hybridization으로 확인하였다. 결과 : FMR-1 유전자의 CGG 반복배열에 대한 PCR 분석 결과 CGG 삼염기의 반복배열의 수는 자폐장애 환자군과 정상대조군 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.207). 자폐장애 환자에서 CGG 반복수가 50회 이상인 조기변이(premutation) 환자가 2명 있었으나 Sourthern blot hybridization 결과 완전변이(full mutation)로 판정할 수 있는 경우는 없었다. 세포유전학적 검사에서 환자군 모두에서 정상 핵형을 나타내었으며 fragile-X 염색체는 확인되지 않았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과에서 자페장애 환자가 FMR-1 유전자의 CGG 삼염기 반복부위 이상, 즉 fragile-X 염색체 이상을 동반하지 않았음을 증명할 수 있었다. 이는 fragile-X 증후군을 자�장애의 직접적인 원인이라고 보기에는 어려움이 있음을 시사한다. Objectives : There has been a rapid expansion of studies aimed at elucidating the genetic basis of autistic disorder, especially it's relationship to fragile-X syndrome. The detection of fragile X chromosome(Xq27.3) by cytogenetic analysis has revealed many difficulties in testing. Therefore, to explore the relationship between autistic disorder and fragile X syndrome, this study administered molecular biologic methods which examined an unstable CGG repeat within the fragile X mental retardation-1(FMR-1) gene. Methods : Ninety nine autistic children and eight normal control children were tested. The number of CGG repeats within FMR-1 gene was measured after amplification by PCR, and cytogenetic analysis was also carried out to detect fragile site Xq27.3. Sourthern blot hybridization, using StB12.3 and/or Pfxa3 probe, was done for the patients showing expansion of more than 50 CGG repeats(premutation). Results : All but two autistic patients had no expansion in CGG repeats by PCR and there was no significant statistical difference in number of CGG repeat in comparison with normal control. Two autistic patients, considered as premutation by PCR analysis, had no full mutation or premutation by Southern blot hybridization. All autistic children tested did not have any abnormal karyotype or fragile site Xq27.3. Conclusions : These results suggest that autistic patients may not have abnormality in FMR-1 gene or abnormal expansion in CGG repeat. In conclusion, fragile X syndrome may not be antecedent of autistic disorder. KEY WORDS : Autistic disorder·FMR-1 gene trinucleotide repeats·Molecular biologic analysis.
곽은정,안효진,이경희,이영순 한국조리과학회 2002 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.18 No.6
We examined the quality characteristics and texture of Jokpyuns with chicken and codfish. In proportion to the increase of water addition, the color became lighter and the texture characteristics decreased in So-Jokpyuns, which were prepared with cow feet. The texture and taste had an influence on overall preference of So-Jokpyun. Yongbon-Jokpyun which was prepared with cow feet and chicken was much preferred to So-Jokpyun in the appearance and texture, and showed a similar preference with So-Jokpyun. However, Sodaegu-Jokpyun which was prepared with cow feet and codfish was not preferred to So-Jokpyun in all items including appearance and texture, and the overall preference was remarkably low. Overall preference of Yongbong-Jokpyun and Sodaegu-Jokpyun was greatly related with the preference of taste and flavor. The lightness and the degree of yellow color of Yongbong-Jokpyun were higher and the degree of red color was lower than So-Jokpyun. On the other hand, the results of lightness, degree of red and yellow color in Sodaegu-Jokpyun were opposite to those of Yongbong-Jokpyun. In case of the hardness, Yongbong-Jokpyun was the lowest and Sodaegu-Jokpyun was similar with So-Jokpyun. Adhesiveness of Yongbong-Jokpyun and Sodaegu-Jokpyun was lower than that of So-Jokpyun. There was no difference in the springiness and cohesiveness among 3 kinds of Jokpyun.
Characteristics of East Asian Passiflora virus isolates from passion fruits in Korea
Jeong-Eun Kim,Su-Bin Hong,Hyeon-Yong Choi,Mikyeong Kim,E-Seul Baek,Hae-Ryun Kwak,Min-kyeong Choi,Hyo-jeong Kim,Hyo-jeong Kim,Hyo-Jung Kang,Jong-woo Han,Heon-sub won,Ji-gwang Kim,Hyeon-ju Lee,Chang-Seo 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
Hyo Seon Ryu,Se Hoon Jung,Eun Hae Cho,Jeong Min Choo,Ji-Seon Kim,Se-Jin Baek,Jin Kim,Jung-Myun Kwak 대한외과학회 2024 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.106 No.3
Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant global casualties. This study examines the postoperative impact of COVID-19 on patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery, considering their heightened vulnerability to infections and increased morbidity and mortality risk. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary center and patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between January 2022 and February 2023 were included. Postoperative COVID-19 infection was defined as the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA by RT-PCR within 14 days after surgery. Propensity score matching was performed including age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification, and emergency operation between the COVID-19-negative (–) and -positive (+) groups. Results: Following 1:2 propensity score matching, 21 COVID-19(+) and 42 COVID-19(–) patients were included in the study. In the COVID-19(+) group, the postoperative complication rate was significantly higher (52.4% vs . 23.8%, P = 0.023). Mechanical ventilator requirement, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and readmission rate did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The median length of ICU (19 days vs . 4 days, P < 0.001) and hospital stay (18 vs . 8 days, P = 0.015) were significantly longer in the COVID-19(+) group. Patients with COVID-19 had a 2.4 times higher relative risk (RR) of major complications than patients without COVID-19 (RR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.254–4.467; P = 0.015). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection during the postoperative period in gastrointestinal surgery may have adverse outcomes which may increase the risk of major complications. Preoperative COVID-19 screening and protocols for COVID-19 prevention in surgical patients should be maintained.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC frames using cyclic moment-curvature relation
Kwak, Hyo-Gyoung,Kim, Sun-Pil,Kim, Ji-Eun Techno-Press 2004 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.17 No.3
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame under earthquake loading is performed in this paper on the basis of a hysteretic moment-curvature relation. Unlike previous analytical moment-curvature relations which take into account the flexural deformation only with the perfect-bond assumption, by introducing an equivalent flexural stiffness, the proposed relation considers the rigid-body-motion due to anchorage slip at the fixed end, which accounts for more than 50% of the total deformation. The advantage of the proposed relation, compared with both the layered section approach and the multi-component model, may be the ease of its application to a complex structure composed of many elements and on the reduction in calculation time and memory space. Describing the structural response more exactly becomes possible through the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel and consideration of the pinching effect caused by axial force. Finally, the applicability of the proposed model to the nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC structures is established through correlation studies between analytical and experimental results.
Kwak, Jae-Hwan,Won, Sun-Woo,Kim, Tae-Jeong,Roh, Eun-Mi-Ri,Kang, Han-Young,Lee, Hyo-Won,Jung, Jae-Kyung,Hwang, Bang-Yeon,Kim, Young-Soo,Cho, Jung-Sook,Lee, Hee-Soon 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.2
A series of chroman-2-carboxylic acid N-(substituted)phenylamides (2a-s, 3a-j) were synthesized. Their ability to inhibit nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activity was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and their antioxidant activity was examined. $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibition by chroman compounds was not related to their antioxidant activity. Compounds with -H,$-NO_2$ monosubstituents and $-OCH_3,\;-CF_3$ disubstituents on the phenyl ring were poor inhibitors of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Compounds with $-CH_3,\;-CF_3,\;-CI$ monosubstituents or -CI, $-CH_3$ disubstituents exhibited moderate to good $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity inhibition $(IC_{50}:\;18.2-95.8\;{\mu}M)$. The most active $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, 2s, contained a 4-CI $(IC_{50}:\;18.2\;{\mu}M)$ substituent on the phenyl ring and was slightly more potent than the compound KL-1156 (1) $(IC_{50}:\;43.9\;{\mu}M)$.