Alcohol extract of Geum Chung Cho alleviates alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment in gerbils

Han-Sam Cho,Tae-Woon Kim,Sang-Seo Park,Mal-Soon Shin,Jae-Min Lee,Eun-Sang Ji,Chang-Ju Kim 한국운동재활학회 2015 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to memory impairment and also induces brain damage. The hippocampus has been particularly regarded as a possible target organ of alcoholic intoxication, since this structure plays a prominent function in memory processes. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune modulatory effects. Guem Chung Cho is an artificial cultivated Cordyceps, and was supplied from GCordy (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol extract of Cordycep (50 g) was made by rotary evaporate, and resulting powder 8.29 g was obtained (yield 17%). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Geum Chung Cho on short-term memory, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated gerbils. The gerbils were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 in each group): Control group, alcohol-treated group, alcohol-treated and 0.001 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, alcohol-treated and 0.01 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, and alcohol-treated and 0.1 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group. Gerbils in the alcohol-treated groups were orally administered ethanol (1 g/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Gerbils in the Guem Chung Cho-applied groups were orally administered Guem Chung Cho extract at each dosage 1 hour before ethanol consumption. Our results revealed that consumption of alcohol for 2 weeks deteriorated short-term memory, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). However, Guem Chung Cho treatment alleviated alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment through enhancing cell proliferation and BDNF expression with inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus. Guem Chung Cho showed maximum effects at 0.1 mg/kg. Based on these results, alcohol extract of Guem Chung Cho may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of chronic alcohol-inducted brain injury. This study was supported by GCordy company.

莞島治岸海域의 海洋環境特性

曺炷煥,姜恩淑 朝鮮大學校 自然科學硏究所 1995 自然科學硏究 Vol.18 No.1

An investigation on the physical and chemical conditions of the sea water off Wando Island was carried out during a period from February to November, 1992, with the following results. Water temperature ranged from 6.03 to 24.52 ℃. The inner sea water temperature was lower than the outer sea water by as much as 1 ℃ in winter, but higher by as much as 1~3 ℃ in summer. Salinity ranged from 29.70 to 34.95 ‰, with the higher figure occuring in April, and the lower occuhng in August, when the salinity in the inner sea was at its lowest on account of the influx of rainfall. pH ranged from 8.05 to 8.46, lowest in winter, the average was 8.20. Dissolved oxygen content ranged from 3.91 to 7.03 ㎖/ℓ, the higher occuring in winter, and the lower occuhng in summer when the water temperature was highest. COD ranged from 0.23 to 2.51 ㎎/ℓ, with the inner sea water lower than the outer sea water except in winter. Suspended solids were in the range of 2.5-41.5 ㎎/ℓ, the higher occuring in winter, the lower occuring in fall. Average distribution in the inner sea water was higher than the outer except winter. Transparency ranged from 0.5 to 6.1 m, the lower occuring in winter, the higher occuring in summer. The relation between suspended solids and transparency was S=26.012-6.439T (r=0.813) in the outer sea water. The phosphate concentration ranged from 0.05 to 0.48 ㎲-at/ℓ, the higher occuring in winter, the lower occuring in summer with a wide variation. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 0.71 to 6.29 ㎲-at/ℓ, higher in the bottom and the outer sea water than in the surface and the inner sea water. From the above investigation the sea area showed a wide variation with time and place or season. These factors are very important for the inhabitance and laying eggs of aquatic life. The sea adjacent the coast of Wando is comparatively pure as yet. But recently, on account of the increasing pollution by materials flowing from inland, the environment of aquatic life gradually worsening. From the data collected in this research it is possible to conclude that 'A countermeasure for the preservation of oceanic environment' with a purpose of decreasing the level of pollution materials which affects the ocean is necessary.

Aromatic Toxicants에 의해 유도된 간기능 장해에 미치는 쑥의 영향

조경열,손경선,윤수홍,박은주 효성여자대학교 부설 한국환경위생연구소 1991 환경위생연구 Vol.1 No.1

간장해 물질인 phenylbutazone, aniline, benzo(a)pyrene을 이용하여 유도한 rats의 간독성발현에 미치는 쑥 추출액의 효과와 간장해 예방 효과를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 성분 분석 결과 8종의 무기성분이 검출되었으떠 특히 potassium의 함량이 가장 높았고magnessium과 sodium의 함량이 높았다. 2. 총 14증의 지방산이 확인되었으며 그중 필수지방산인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid의 함량이높았다. 3. 아피노산 분석 결과 총 16종이 검출되었으며 특히 aspartic acid, glutamic acid와 같은 산성아미노산의 함량이 높았다. 4. 쑥 추출액의 전처리는 phenylbutazone의 투여로 증가한 혈청과 조직중의 AST, ALT, ALP함량 증가를 현저히 회복신켰으나 혈청 LDH의 활성과 bilirubin 함량에는 효과를 나타내지않았다. 5. Aniline의 투여로 증가한 혈청과 간장중의 AST, ALT, LDH, ALP 활성을 쑥 추출액의 투여로크게 감소시킬 수 있었다. 그러나, bilirubin 함량에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 6. 쑥 추출액을 투여함으로씨 benzo(a)pyrene의 독성으로 증가한 혈청과 조직중의 AST, ALT,LDH, ALP 활성을 크게 감소시킬 수 있었으며 특히 LDH의 활성 회복 효과가 현저했다. In search for new drugs and methods of pharmacotherapy of liverdamage, we measured the chemical compositions of mugwort. And the mugwortextract was administrated to the experimental animal and investigated its bioche-mical effects in the serum and liver when aromatic hepatotoxicants - phenylbuta-zone, aniline and benzo(a)pyrene- was administrated. As the results are as follows : 1. 14 kinds of fatty acids,16 amino acids and 8 kinds of minerals were quantita-tively analyzed at mugwort. And major components of them were linoleic acid,aspartic acid, potassium and calcium. 2. The increase of serum and liver aminotransferase activity and bilirubin con-tent in hepatotoxicants treated group was markedly decreased by mugwortpretreatment.

HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside 역전사 효소 억제제의 생물학적 활성과 3차원 구조사이의 정량적 상관관계(3D-QSAR) 연구

조효영,윤은진,윤창주 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 자연과학논문집 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구에서는 AIDS라고 잘 알려진 후천성 면역 결핍(부전)증후군(Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome)의 치료제로 사용될 수 있는 NNRTIs(Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)에 대해, 3D-QSAR방법으로 이들의 약리단(phrmacophore model)을 정의하고자 한다. NNRTIs는 HIV의 유전물질이 건강한 세포로 옮겨 갈 수 없도록 역 전사효소에 달라붙어 DNA합성을 방해함으로써 HIV의 증식을 막는다. 이들의 대표적인 화합물들은 HEPT(Hydroxyethoxymethylphenylthiothymine), TIBO(tetrahydroimidazo-benzodiazepinone), Nevirapine 등으로, 이들이 이번 연구에 사용된 화합물들이다. 지금까지의 연구에서는 이들의 결합 모형을 각각 연구 해 왔지만 X-ray 구조를 보면 NNRTI들이 역 전사 효소의 결합부위와 상호 작용할 때 유사한 입체구조를 갖는다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 이러한 사실을 확인하기 위해 3D-QSAR 방법을 이용하여 NNRTIs 각각의 약리성 자리와 3차원 입체구조를 X-ray 구조와 비교, 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 이렇게 해서 얻은 활성가설을 하나의 '분자 체'로 이용하여 National Cancer Institute(NCI)의 AIDS관련 화합물들로 이루어진 데이터 베이스를 검색함으로써 선도물질이 될 수 있는 구조들을 검색해 보았다. A definition of pharmacophore for the NNRTIs(Non-Nuceoside Reverse Transcripase Inhibitors) was carried by considering a 3D-QSAR model. HEFT (hydroxyethoxy -methylphenylthiothymine), TIBO(tetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepinone) and Nevirapine among NNRTIs were used in this study. Pharmacophore models generated for the NNRTI binding pocket have been usually limited so far to a single class of compound. But NNRTIs have all been shown by X-ray crystallography to share a common binding location. Then, these inhibitors seem general similar conformation when bound to the pocket of RT. It has been confirmed that the similar interactions between the three class inhibitors have been shown by superimposing of pharmacophore models. The 3D-pharmacophore models as molecule sieve was applied in NCI database in order to find the potent inhibitors. The results provided a good basis to design new inhibitors of HIV-1 RT.

교내 자판기와 터치스크린에 분포하는 세균의 실태조사

조주영,박창은 남서울대학교 2012 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

The distributed species and the kinds of viable microorganism in button or touch screen of machine was monitored according to coffee & soda machine and automated teller machine(ATM). Our purpose was to investigate the distribution of bacteria in button or touch screen of machine. Analysis of dispenser contamination was sampled from 8 location in Namseoul University for 3 months from September to November in 2011. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using VITEKⅡsystems. The experiment on microorganism concentration of contact parts was carried out and the average of total microorganism was measured. The Coffee & soda machine and ATM was isolated and identified. The isolation rates of Gram positive cocci, Gram negative bacilli were 40.1%, 26.9% respectively. The frequently isolated bacteria were S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. warneri, Micrococus luteus/ lylae, Sphinogomonas paucimobilis . Further systematic studies are necessary with an emphasis on species identification Key Words : Microorganism, Coffee & soda machine, ATM

고비중 Bupivacaine과 Tetracaine에 의한 척추마취의 비교

조남수,유병식,박은주 최신의학사 1989 最新醫學 Vol.32 No.11

수요지향 교과과정 개발을 위한 3차원 기반의 메타모델 설계 기법

조은숙,박수희,장준호 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2005 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.6

KS-62 균주에 의한 펄프 표백 폐액처리에 관한 연구

조준형,은주영 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2000 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.-

High colored Kraft bleaching effluent is one of the main constrains in pulp and paper indus-try due to its dissloved lignin derivatives. The degradation of lignin in pulp and paper mill effluent is mainly caused by white-rot fungi. This paper showed that the treatment with KS-62 fungus significantly reduced the color and chemical oxygen demand in the effluent. The amounts of Mn ions in the wastewater would play roles in the induction and activity of MnP (managanese peroxidase). Extracellular MnP was isolated from the fungus KS-62. The treat-ment with the MnP had the most effective decolorization in the wastewater treatment using nutrients medium.

e-Learning 내 지식창출(Knowledge Creation)을 위한 가상적인 바(Cyber-Ba)에 대한 고찰

주영주,조은아 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

지식관리시스템은 최근 e-Learning의 도입을 통해 조직 내 지식경영과 학습체계를 결합시키는 효율적이면서 효과적인 방향을 모색하고 있다. 특히 e-Learning은 다양한 정보기술 도구를 바탕으로 사이버 공간에서의 학습의 효과를 극대화시키는 것이 목표이며, 이를 지식경영의 측면에서 본다면 e-Learning은 조직이 사이버 공간 내에서 지식을 창출하게 하는 도구이자 시스템이 된다는 뜻이다. 그러므로 과연 정보기술을 통한 학습도구로서의 e-Learning이 조직의 지식 창출이라는 새로운 요구에 대해 어느 정도 도움을 줄 수 있는지를 알아보는 것은 앞으로 e-Learning과 지식경영을 통합시키고자 하는 노력에 있어 필수 과제라 생각된다. 이를 위해 우선 조직에서의 지식창출의 과정과 지식창출의 장으로서의 바와 관련된 노나카의 이론을 살펴보고, e-Learning에 있어 지식창출과 학습의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 또한 지식창출의 사회화, 외재화, 종합화, 내재화의 4가지 사이클 별로 어떠한 정보기술이 현재 상태에서 e-Learning상에서의 지식창출에 있어 지원 가능한지에 대해서 관련된 문헌을 고찰하였다. 조직 내에서의 지식창출 및 공유를 위해서는 가치있는 지식을 창조하는 활동을 학습이 지원하며, e-Learning은 그러한 의미의 진정한 학습이 이루어짐으로써 지식이 창출되는 환경이 되어야 한다. e-Learning 내에서 활용되는 정보기술은 지식창출의 과정별로 근본적인 바, 상호적인 바, 가상적인 바, 학습의 바 등 각각 가상적인 바를 형성함으로써 e-Learning을 통한 지식창출을 지원하게 되는 것이다. 즉 e-Learning 내에서 형성되는 가상적인 바가 지식창출의 네 가지 사이클을 모두 지원할 수 있다는 관점에서 e-Learning과 지식창출의 연계성이 의미를 가진다 하겠다. By introducing e-Learning, knowledge management system is seeking efficient and effective methods to combine knowledge and learning in organizations. Based on various informational technology, e-Learning aims at maximizing effect of learning in cyber space. In terms of informational technology, e-Learning is a tool and a system that enables organizations to create knowledge in cyber space. Therefore, it is essential to integrate e-Learning and knowledge management that how much e-Learning, as a learning method through informational technology, can help organizational knowledge creation. For this purpose, first, the article examined Nonaka's theory, the process of knowledge creation in organization, which is related to Cyber-Ba as a place of knowledge creation. The article also examined some related treatises on which informational technology is currently able to assist knowledge creation on e-Learning by four of each cycle; socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. For knowledge creation and sharing in organization, the activities to creating valuable knowledge should be assisted by learning, and e-Learning should be a knowledge-creating environment by achieving and authentic learning. Informational technology used in e-Learning, by forming each Cyber-Ba such as Originating Ba, Interacting Ba, Cyber Ba and Exercising Ba in the process of knowledge creation, will assist knowledge creation in e-Learning, In other words, from a viewpoint that Cyber-Ba which is formed in e-Learning can assist all the four cycle of knowledge creation.

HIV-1 역전사효소 억제제의 구조화 활성 사이의 정량적 상관관계 연구 : HEPT와 TIBO 유도체 HEPT and TIBO Derivatives

윤은진,조효영,윤창주 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 자연과학논문집 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 QSAR을 이용하여 HIV-1 RT의 한 종류인 TIBO와 HEPT의 구조와 활성간의 상관관계를 설명하였다. 좋은 QSAR 모델은 통계적인 수치와 예측 정도를 모두 만족시켜야 한다. 생성된 모델과 수식을 통해 HEPT 유도체는 소수성이 활성과 관련이 있는 반면, TIBO 유도체는 소수성과 비편재화, 물 굴절도가 활성도와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 TIBO와 HEPT 유도체의 구조적인 특징을 파악하는데 유용하며, HIV-1 RT 억제 과정의 이해를 돕는다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해 좀 더 강력하고 새로운 HIV-1 RT inhibitor를 제안할 수 있다. Quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) have been applied in order to explain the structure requirements of HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity of TIBO and HEPT derivatives. The best QSAR models are satisfactory in both statistical significance and predictive ability. The derived structural descriptors for HEPT indicate the importance of hydrophobic contributions toward the HIV-1 RT inhibition, but the descriptors for TIBO indicate the importance of hydrophobic, electronic and molar refractivity contribution toward the HIV-1 RT inhibition. These results can be useful in identifying the structural requirements of TIBO and HEPT derivatives and helpful for better understanding the HIV-1 RT inhibition. Eventually, they provide a beneficial basis to design new and more potent inhibitors of HIV-1 RT.