다산부에서 자간전증의 임상적 고찰

이주롱,이석민,한효상,이해혁,이임순,이권해 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

목적 : 전자간증 산모에서 초임신부와 다산부 각각의 임상적 특징을 조사하여 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 1998년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 2년간 순천향대학 서울병원에서 입원 분만한 임신성 고혈압성 질환 환자중 초임신부 106명과 다산부 50명, 총 150명을 대상으로 임상통계학적으로 조사 분석하였다. 결과 : 분만까지 임신기간의 비교시 초임신부에서는 33-36주에서 17.9%였고 다산부에서는 34.0%로, 다산부에서 조기분만의 예가 의의있게 많았다. 신생아 체중이 2500g 미만인 군이 초임신부군에서는 36.8%였고 다산부군에서는 62.0%로 다산부군에서 더 많았다. 임신성 고혈압성 질환의 중등도를 보면 중증자간전증의 초임신부에서 35.8%와 다산부에서는 44.0%로, 초임신부에 비해 다산부군의 중증 자간전증의 비율이 많았다. 결론 : 중증 임신성 고혈압성 질환이 다산부군에서 더 많았으며 적은 주수에서 제왕절개술을 시행해 출생아의 체중이 초임신부군에 비해 더 작았고 Apgar 점수도 더 낮았다. Objective : To study the clinical differences of primiparous and multiparous preeclamptic patients. Methods : We statistically analyzed 106 primiparous and 50 multiparous preeclamptic patients who were admitted to the Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January 1998 to December 1999. Results : It was statistically found that multiparae were more likely to give premature birth than primiparae: Thirty four percents of multiparae gave birth in the period between the 33rd and the 36th gestational weeks while 17.9% of primiparae did in the same period. Sixty two percents of the newborn babies of multiparae weighed less than 2500g. Among primiparae, the ratio was 36.8%. In addition, more multiparae(44.0% vs. 35.8%) suffered from severe preeclampsia. Conclusion : severe preeclampsia was found more frequently among multiparae. Since they gave birth earlier by cesarian section than primiparae, their babies weighed less and had lower apgar scores.

장애인복지패러다임의 변화에 따른 장애인복지관의 공간구성에 관한 연구

이효원,주석중 한국의료복지시설학회 2004 의료·복지 건축 Vol.10 No.2

In this study, some methods for the organization of space in the welfare center for the disabled are suggested corresponding to the change of welfare paradigm for the disabled, by means of investigating and analyzing the existing organization of space, division of the areas and relevant programs. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The method of the spatial organization in the welfare center for the disabled is divided largely into an area of the welfare complex center used as a facility of uses and an area of the controlling center that manages and makes use of domiciliary welfare. 2) The division of counselling and management is the center for the aforementioned two areas. This division occupying the minimum space in the welfare center has to be expanded. Besides, the space for the volunteers for 'domiciliary welfare' is necessary. This can be administered synthetically along with the room for volunteers in the division of social rehabilitation. 3) It is necessary for the division of medical rehabilitation to have a common waiting area due to its close connection with other treatment rooms. It should be recommended to have it in the water treatment room. It is required to have a parents' waiting area in the treatment room for child rehabilitation. 4) In case of the division of educational rehabilitation, the daytime care center should be closely related to the division of medical rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the classrooms after school have a limited use so that they can be shared with the room for female rehabilitation in the division of social rehabilitation. 5) It is in reality for the division of social rehabilitation to have an expanded area of domiciliary welfare. The room for volunteers for domiciliary welfare should be arranged, too.

식사관리와 영양지식에 관한 연구

이효지,장유경,오은주,유차숙 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1989 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.7

The purpose of this study was to investigate meal management and nutrition knowledge of the housewives according to their region, age, educational level, income and occupation. The subjects consisted of 2082 housewives residing in big city, middle or small city and agricultural and fishing villages. The portion of housewives living in the middle or small city was 44.1% and the major portion of age distribution was 30's(34.2%). More than half of the housewives(58.5%) had a job. Meal management included in this sutdy was their attitude for meal, nutritional balance in their dishes and harmonizing nutrition knowledge in the life. The meal attitude of the housewives who had no job was the lowest score. Dishes arrangement and harmonizing nutrition knowledge in the life were shown the highest score at the age of 60's. They had experience of nutritional education(63.8% ), The source of nutritional information were in order of TV., radio, relatives & neighbors, newspapers and magazines. The average score of nutrition knowledge was 7.07 out of possible 10 point. Nutrition knowledge had significant correlation with region, age, educational level and income. With increasing educational level, income and decreasing age, the score of nutrition knowledge was getting higher. Also, the housewives of urban was the higher in the nutrition knowledge score than those of rural. The frequency of food intake appeared at the higher in fruits, milk & products than meats & fishes, fishes of eatable bone, yellow green vegetables, and frying and parching food etc.

노인복지회관의 공간구성현황에 관한 연구

이효원,박산돌,주석중 한국의료복지시설학회 2004 의료·복지 건축 Vol.10 No.2

This study attempts to provide the fundamental materials for space program in terms of planning a senior welfare center by means of examining and analyzing the present conditions of spatial arrangement of each section in senior welfare center for the aged. The results of the study are as in the following. 1) The demand for new service programs corresponding to the improved quality of the elderly and various social desires is relatively on the increase. Each program in senior welfare center for the elderly should be connected in an organic manner and the organization of space should be provided. 2) The section of counseling, the first step when using a welfare center, should be located in the entrance of the building and it has to be closely connected with other section. 3) The section of medical rehabilitation is a place mostly for the elderly in their frail physical condition; therefore, it is effective to use horizontal line. 4) It is important for the room for volunteers in the section for domiciliary welfare to be arranged flexibly with the office or the room for social education, and it is necessary to consider how easy daytime or short-term care is accessible. 5) The space where dynamic programs are progressed in the section of social education should be distinguished from the section of medical rehabilitation or the room for daytime care and the room for short-term care of the section of domiciliary welfare.

農村地域社會 發展을 위한 女性의 役割

李效再,金周淑 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1977 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.30 No.-

The continued migration of rural people to the cities since 1960s has resulted in a significant decrease o f the labor force and has made more women participate in farming production. Furthermore, the role of rural women in community development has increased since rural women as well as men are mobilized for the new Village Movement (Saemaul Movement) which was started in 1971. This survey studied the enlarged rural women's role in three aspects-economic activities, household activities and community development. From the responses of 374 samples in eight villages, the conclusions were drawn as follows: 1. Women's participation in farming production has considerably increased. 85.8% of the respondents answered that they participated in the farming, higher than their husbands (82.3%). In the village where there was cooperative rice-planting, 56.9% of the respondents participated in it while one fourth had experienced working in other's farm for wages during the year. For selling of their farm products, however, rural women do not seem play a major role, though 40-50% of the respondents participate in their husband's making decision on selling their farm products. 2. The household work for preparing the meals and clothes for the family is still women's responsibility entirely, although cooking became a little easier because of somewhat improved kitchens and the use of some electric appliances for cooking. Clothes are no longer hand made and all are purchased, but washing is still done completely by hand. Women's voice in home management became louder, and the purchase of daily necessities of food and clothes is mainly decided by women. While men are the decision markers in making a loan either from the bank or private sources and in choosing the kind of crops they will plant, child rearing, purchase of big furnishings and helping the relatives are discussed and decided by husband and wife together. 3. The social activities of rural women are limited mainly to attending the village women's meeting visiting their children's schools, and shopping in the market. The examples of women visiting the public organizations were few. About one third of the respondents are participating in Kye, composed of only women. Most of the respondents are the members of the Women's Club in the village. The organization and programs of the Women's club seemed to be initiated by government rather than by the villagers themselves voluntarily. In the villages where the New Village Movement is active, women participated in the village affairs and developmental projects such as road building, forestation and other improvements of the environment. The main activities of the Club are sunning of cooperative store, collective cooking in rice-planting season, rice-saving, and cooking education for improvement of their diet. 4. The traditional social attitudes of the respondents seem to have changed : two thirds of them stressed that women as well as men should participate in community activities and also approved of having a job outside home. On marriage, too, a relatively high percentage of women think it optional. The perception of happiness among younger women is focused more on the marital relationship than on children. This survey has shown that rural women are carrying many roles as farmers, mothers, home managers, and workers for the community. In view of the fact that woman labor will be increasingly needed in production in the present structure of rural society, it raises the problem of welfare of the rural women and their children. Institutional support for more intensive development of village cooperative systems for production, consumption and household labor is under serious demands in order to facilitate their multiple roles, and the national health programs also will have to be made more available for the mother-child health. Furthermore rural women will have to be integrated in the agricultural education and technical training programs so that they may keep pace with improving farm technique and management, not as mere helpers but as equal partners with their men.

都市家族問題 및 地域的協同에 관한 硏究

李效再,金周淑 이화여자대학교 1972 硏究叢書 Vol.1972 No.1

The rapid urban growth in Korea has brought about in recent years a development of new housing areas in cities. Apartment complexes and residential areas for housing of the middle and lowincome brackets have been constructed under governmental and private plans. This has made adifferentiation of housing areas according to social strata, and there have risen many middle class apartment and residential housing arers. Since the settlers of these areas are coming from differentgeographical and occupational backgrounds, they need to establish neighborhood relations towarddevelopment of a community to which they feel a sense of belonging and voluntary participations.Such community relations may be developed out of cooperative approaches to common problemsrising in their family and neighorhood life. Therefore, the newly formed middle class housing areasshould be led to organize themselves into cooperative community structure for the function of meetingneeds of urban families and communities in change. For this ultimate goal, this, survey aims to discover problems that are common to the families inthe selected communities and also the patterns of neighborhood relations that are spontaneously doveloped. On the bases of these findings, programs for organizing housewives in the community wereintended to be planned and their organizational activities might be gulfed toward the developmentof a cooperative community center. In order to develop this project, two middle-class communities were selected, namely a newlyconstructed Apartment area and also a new residential area, therefore this is rather a comprehensivecommunity survey to diagnose problem areas and to collect basic data required for planning educationaland action programs for the housewives.

都市家族問題 및 地域的 協同에 關한 硏究

李效再,金周淑 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1972 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.20 No.-

I. Objectives of the Survey and Definition of the Problem. II. Sampling and the Research Method. A. Selection of the Area and Sampling of the Households. B. Interviewing. III. Description of the Surveyed Communities. A. An Overview of the Areas. B. Homogeneous Characteristics of the Resident Families. IV. Family Problems and Needs. A. Rearing and Education of the Children. B. Consumer Problems. C. Health Problems. D. Community Problems. V. Neighborhood Relations and the Problem of Cooperation. A. Patterns of Neighborhood Relations. B. Leisures of the Housewives and their Social Activities. C. Areas of Neighborhood Cooperation and Problems. VI. Summary and Conclusion. A. Characteristics of the Households and the Head Couples. B. Family Problems. C. Community Cooperation and Organized Activities. D. Potentials of the Organized Approach to the Development of Urban Residential Communities. The rapid urban growth in Korea has brought about in recent years a development of new housing areas in cities. Apartment complexes and residential areas for housing of the middle and low income brackets have been constricted under governmental and private plans. This has made a differentiation of housing areas according to social strata, and there have risen many middle class apartment and residential housing areas. Since the settlers of these areas are coming from different geographical and occupational backgrounds, they need to establish neighborhood relations toward development of a community to which they feel a sense of belonging and voluntary participations. Such community relations may be developed out of cooperative approaches to common problems rising in their family and neighborhood life. Therefore, the newly formed middle class housing areas should be led to organize themselves into cooperative community structure for the function of meeting needs of urban families and communities in change. For this ultimate goal, this survey aims to discover problems that are common to the families in the selected communities and also the patterns of neighborhood relations that are spontaneously developed. On the bases of these findings, programs for organizing housewives in the community were intended to be planned and their organizational activities might be guided toward the development of a cooperative community center. In order of develop this project, two middle-class communities were selected, namely a newly constructed Apartment area and also a new residential area, therefore this is rather a comprehensive community survey to diagnose problem areas and to collect basic data required for planning educational and action programs for the housewives.

항고형암제의 활성평가를 위한 in vitro 삼차원 암세포 배양계의 확립

이상학,이주호,구효정 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.5

For the efficient determination of activity against solid tumors, an in vitro tumor model that resembles the condition of in vivo solid tumors, is required. The purpose of this study was to establish a rapid culture method and viability assay for an in vitro 3-dimensional tumor model, multicellular spheroid (MCS). Among 12 human cancer cell lines, a few cell lines including DUD-1 (human colorectal carcinoma cells) formed fully compact MCS which was adequate for in vitro viability assay. DLD-1 MCS showed steady growth reaching 700 pm diameter after 11 day culture. DUD-1 cells grown as MCS showed significant increase in G_(0)/G₁ phase compared to the monolayer cells (73.9% vs 45.7%). but necrotic regions or apoptotic cells were not observed. The cells cultured as MCS showed resistance to 5-FU (10.3 fold higher IC_(50)) compared to monolayers. however, tirapazamine (a hypotoxin) showed similar activity in both culture systems. In summary, MCS may be a valid in vitro model for activity screening of anticancer agents against human solid tumors and also exploitable for studying molecular markers of drug resistance in human solid tumors.

미술활동을 통한 ADHD 특성 아동의 문제행동 개선 연구

강은주,이효신 한국특수아동학회 2002 특수아동교육연구 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 ADHD 아동의 문제행동을 개선하기 위해 미술활동을 적용한 것이다. ADHD 아동들이 문제행동을 나타내는 것은 주의력결함이나 충동성, 즉 행동억제와 관련된 실행기능상의 문제로 파악되므로 미술활동을 통하여 자신의 행동에 대한 통제 훈련이 가능할 것이라는 점이 전제되었다. 대상아동은 DSM-Ⅳ의 진단기준과 주의력결핍과잉행동교사평정지의 선별기준을 만족시키는 3명의 아동으로 선정하였고, 미술활동 프로그램은 활동과정상 소근육운동의 활성과 억제가 요구되는 활동으로 구성하였다. 실험은 3명의 대상아동에 대하여 AB설계법으로 이루어졌으며 중재기간 후, 변화된 행동이 유지되는지도 알아보았다. 문제행동은 자리이탈과 주의산만행동으로 제한하고, 측정은 프로그램 중재 후 수업시간 20분을 비디오 촬영하여 연속기록법으로 행동발생의 빈도를 기록하였다. 연구결과, 3명의 대상아동 모두가 중재기간동안에 문제행동이 평균적으로 감소하였고, 중재를 중단한 유지기간동안에도 문제행동이 기초선수준으로 증가하지 않는 양상을 나타내었다. 따라서 미술활동은 ADHD 아동의 문제행동, 특히 자리이탈과 주의산만 행동을 감소시키는 데에 효과가 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various art activities on the leaving from seats and the distraction of an ADHD child. The subjects of the study was three ADHD children in W elementary school, showed problematical in 9 items regarding attention deficit of DSM-Ⅳ, over 6 items each regarding hyperactivity disorder and impulse and 9 items out of 14 items in an evaluation paper for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. The program was composed of art activities effective on improvement of attention power and decrease of hyperactivity disorder. The art activity program was divided into 4 steps; the beginning step(1-4 period), the expression step(5-12 period), the variation step(13-20 period), the completion step(21-23 period) of all 23 periods for 40 minutes a time, 4 times a week from 2002, 5, 27. to 2002, 7, 10. and it was applied by myself. The execution of the study was carried into foundation, arbitration, maintenance stages by AB design mode of single subject study method. Occurrence frequency of the disordered acts of the subjects was measured by continuative recording method. 20 minutes' school class in the foundation and maintenance stages, 40 minutes' program activities and 20 minutes' school class in the arbitration stage were recorded on a video and frequency degree of the act of separating from seats and the act of distraction by each period was written down by an observer. As a result of execution of the study, it showed that the program of various act activities was effective on decrease in the leaving from seats and the distraction of an ADHD children.

15 kVA급 저항형 초전도 전류제한기의 전류제한특성

최효상,최창주,이상일,정수복,오금곤 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.1

We investigated resistive superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) fabricated using YBCO thin films on 2-inch diameter sapphire substrates. Nearly identical SFCL units were prepared and tested. The units were connected in series and parallel to increase the current and voltage ratings. A serial connection of the units showed significantly unbalanced power dissipation between the units. This imbalance was removed by introducing a shunt resistor to the firstly quenched unit. Parallel connection of the units increased the current rating. An SFCL module of 4 units in parallel, each of which has minimum quench current 25 A_(peak), was produced and successfully tested at a 220 V_(rms) circuit. From the resistance increase, we estimated that the film temperature increases to 200 K in 5 msec, and 300 K in 120 msec. Successive quenches revealed that this system is stable without degradation in the current limiting capability under such thermal shocks as quenches at 220 V_(rms).