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황사 기간 동안에 어린이, 성인, 노인에서의 자각증상과 예방행동에 대한 조사연구
이보은,하은희,박혜숙,권지숙,신경림 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.1
Purpose: Recently there are scientific evidences for the health effects of Asian dust-storms. Particularly in 2002, the daily average of PM_(10) exceeded 600 and 700 ㎍/㎥ in March and April respectively. We examined the effects of Asian dust-storms on perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors among children, adults, and elders. Method: The subjects of this study were 425 children, 444 adults and 60 elders. A questionnaire survey was carried out on the children and the adults by teachers and on the elders by interviewers to obtain information on demographic variables, perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors, previous respiratory disease, environmental tobacco smoke, and proximity between the house and the road during Asian dust-storms. We analyzed using descriptive statistics, X_(2) test and multiple logistic regression models. After adjustment for potential confounders, we estimated the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the children and the elders for perceived symptoms and preventive behaviors. Result: The elders had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than the other groups. The children had a significantly higher prevalence than the adults in getting URI (1.51), coughing (1.68), rhinorrhea (1.46), fever (2.39) and medication for allergy or asthma (1.90). The children had better behaviors than the elders in closing windows (3.57), taking less outdoor recreational activity (2.59) and staying home (2.60).
남은우,강혜숙,박성빈,최재임,민체류 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2001 영도연구 Vol.3 No.-
The purpose of this study was to reduce the sexual problems of middle school students in Youngco-Gu, Busan. The survey was conducted by content analysis which was related with reproductive healty services such as budget, manpower, etc. This study was also conducted with sex education as the object and to measure the effects of sex education. Questionnaires from 203 students(7th-9th graders) in a male middle school were surveyed on Sept. 12-14, 2001. The statistical analysis used were t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and χ^2 test by using SPSS/PC+ WIN 8.0 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, 66.2% of the students among the subjects had a religion, and of those 50% were buddhists, 34.4% christians, 9.5% catholic. Religion of sexual related matters showed no significant effect. Of these students 68.1% showed medium interest in sexual related matters, 18% little interest or none and 13.5% high interest. 8th graders seemed to show more interest in sexual related matters than other grades. 41.8% of Students seemed to get information on sexual matters from friends and 27.1% from the internet. 30.9% of the respondents talked about their boy/girl friends with their parents compared to 43.3% who chose to talk to their friends about their sexual related problems. Second, 56.7% logged into lascivious-sites on the internet. Of those who logged onto lascivious-sites 46.1% logged in once or twice a month, 31.9% once or twice a week, and 2.7% logged in daily, 69.2% Felt curiosity, 23.4% felt indecent and 7.5% felt like engaging in a sexual act after visiting one of these sites. Third, the effects of sex education on experimental groups of 7th graders showed a 2.1 point increase(p<0.1), 4 point increase for 8th graders(p<.001), and 9th graders increased by 3.3 points(p<.001). Therefore this showed that it was advantageous for students to have sex education. Fourth, the effects of sex education on the students attitude showed only a little more improvement than before in the controlled groups whereas the experimental groups showed a large increase in good attitude in a good direction. Therefore, the experimental groups showed better results in sexual attitude compared to the controlled groups(p<.01).
시각적 피드백을 병행한 어깨복합운동프로그램이 어깨비대칭 청년들의 어깨 근력과 정렬에 미치는 영향
강순희, 강은지, 목미경, 박지연, 손혜림, 연우정 한국교통대학교 2016 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.51 No.-
The purpose of this study was to identify whether shoulder complex exercise program with visual feedback could improve the shoulder muscular strength and postural alignment in adolescents with shoulder asymmetry. Twenty eight subjects were recruited from the K university and divided into three groups: experimental 1, 2group(Each n=10) and control group(n=8). For 4 weeks, the experimental group 1 performed shoulder muscle complex exercise program and the experimental group 2 performed shoulder complex exercise program with visual feedback. The control group did not perform exercises. The shoulder muscle strength and difference between the height of left and right shoulders were assessed before, after training using the hand-held dynamometer and Global Posture System. Subordination variables, general characteristics analysis, χ² test and Kruskal Wallis H test were conducted to evaluate differences between groups and training before, after changes were checked Wilcoxon signed rank test with using the PASW 18.0 statistical program. The results of the study were as follows. 1) Both the experimental 1, 2group showed improvements in muscle strength of several muscles following training (p<.01). The control group showed significant reduction in the left posterior deltoid (p<.05), and did not show significant changes in examining other muscles (p>.05). And there were differences among three groups in shoulder muscle strength (p<.001). Muscle strength changes in several muscles were greater in the experimental 1, 2group compared with the control group (p<.001). Muscle strength changes in the several muscles were greater in the experimental group 2 compared with the experimental group 1 (p<.001) 2) Both the experimental 1, 2group showed significant decreases in the difference between the left and right shoulder heights following training (p<.01). The control group did not show change (p>.05). Changes in the difference between the left and right shoulder heights were greater in the experimental 1, 2group compared with the control group (p<.001).
Investigation of InAs/InGaAs/InP Heterojunction Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors
Eun, Hye Rim,Woo, Sung Yun,Lee, Hwan Gi,Yoon, Young Jun,Seo, Jae Hwa,Lee, Jung-Hee,Kim, Jungjoon,Kang, In Man The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.5
Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are very applicable to low standby-power application by their virtues of low off-current ($I_{off}$) and small subthreshold swing (S). However, low on-current ($I_{on}$) of silicon-based TFETs has been pointed out as a drawback. To improve $I_{on}$ of TFET, a gate-all-around (GAA) TFET based on III-V compound semiconductor with InAs/InGaAs/InP multiple-heterojunction structure is proposed and investigated. Its performances have been evaluated with the gallium (Ga) composition (x) for $In_{1-x}Ga_xAs$ in the channel region. According to the simulation results for $I_{on}$, $I_{off}$, S, and on/off current ratio ($I_{on}/I_{off}$), the device adopting $In_{0.53}Ga_{0.47}As$ channel showed the optimum direct-current (DC) performance, as a result of controlling the Ga fraction. By introducing an n-type InGaAs thin layer near the source end, improved DC characteristics and radio-frequency (RF) performances were obtained due to boosted band-to-band (BTB) tunneling efficiency.
Hye Rim Eun,Young Jun Yoon,Jae Hwa Seo,Min Su Cho,Jung-Hee Lee,Hyuck-In Kwon,In Man Kang 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.7
This paper presents the electrical characteristics of vertical nanowire-type tunneling field-effect transistors (VNW TFETs) based on the AlGaSb/InGaAs heterojunction for low-power, high-speed applications. The proposed devices have a very steep junction, based on broken band alignment between the AlGaSb and InGaAs layers. The extremely thin tunneling barrier increases the tunneling probability between the AlGaSb source region and the InGaAs channel region. For this reason, the broken band based on the AlGaSb/InGaAs heterostructure enhances the on-state current (Ion) of the TFETs. To optimize the electrical performance of the proposed device, design optimization using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations is performed. The design variables are gate length, doping concentrations, and the nanowire radius. The optimized device has a gate length of 30 nm, channel and drain doping concentrations of 1018 cm3, and a radius of 10 nm. Results confirm that the optimized TFET has a subthreshold swing (S) of 27.8 mV/dec and an Ion value of 2.57 mA/mm.
Investigation of InAs/InGaAs/InP Heterojunction Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors
Hye Rim Eun,Sung Yun Woo,Hwan Gi Lee,Young Jun Yoon,Jae Hwa Seo,Jung-Hee Lee,Jungjoon Kim,In Man Kang 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.5
Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) are very applicable to low standby-power application by their virtues of low off-current (Ioff) and small subthreshold swing (S). However, low on-current (Ion) of silicon-based TFETs has been pointed out as a drawback. To improve Ion of TFET, a gate-all-around (GAA) TFET based on III-V compound semiconductor with InAs/InGaAs/InP multiple-heterojunction structure is proposed and investigated. Its performances have been evaluated with the gallium (Ga) composition (x) for In1-xGaxAs in the channel region. According to the simulation results for Ion, Ioff, S, and on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff), the device adopting In0.53Ga0.47As channel showed the optimum direct-current (DC) performance, as a result of controlling the Ga fraction. By introducing an n-type InGaAs thin layer near the source end, improved DC characteristics and radio-frequency (RF) performances were obtained due to boosted band-to-band (BTB) tunneling efficiency.
Influences of Chronic Shoulder Pain on Muscle Tone Changes in Trunk Muscles
Hye Mi Jeon,Yoo Rim Choi,Si Eun Park,Ho Jung An,Sang Bin Lee,Wan Suk Choi,Nyeon Jun Kim,Hee Kyoung Kim,Mi Jung Kim,Soon Hee Kim 국제물리치료학회 2013 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.4 No.1
The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of chronic shoulder pain on the muscle tone in trunk muscles. The study's subjects were 40 men and women in their 30 to 50s, which were divided into two groups. A chronic shoulder pain group consisted of 20 subjects who had been diagnosed with chronic shoulder pain by doctors, and a painless group consisted of 20 subjects who had experienced no such pain. An analysis was performed using electromyography on the muscle tone in the rectus abdominalis, external oblique, internal oblique, and erector spinae muscles under the same conditions between the two groups. The analysis results were as follows. The chronic shoulder pain group exhibited an overall high level of trunk muscle tone than the painless group, along with a statistically significant difference in the rectus abdominalis(p<.05). Moreover, the chronic shoulder pain group showed differences in the trunk muscle tone depending on the affected side. The chronic left shoulder pain group yielded higher levels of muscle tone in the right-side trunk muscles. In particular, the group revealed statistically significant differences in the rectus abdominalis and internal oblique(p<.05). The chronic right shoulder pain group exhibited higher levels of muscle tone in the left-side trunk muscles with a statistically significant difference in the internal oblique(p<.05). The above results suggested that chronic shoulder pain influences increases in the muscle tone in the trunk muscles on the opposite side to the affected shoulder.