Fluoxetine이 Schedule-Induced Polydipsia가 유발된 백서 뇌에서 Tyrosine Hydroxylase 발현에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,최영민,정주호,정홍경,이용민,김도형,이대환 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

연구목적: Fluoxetine은 serotonin을 매개하여 간접적으로 dopamine 신경전달기능을 억제한다고 추정되고 있다. 또한 운동장애에서 운동기능의 악화를 유발한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 신경세포체에서 fluoxetine이 dopamine에 어떠한 영향을 주는지는 아직까지 확실치 않다. 저자들은 schedule-induced polydipsia를 유발시킨 백서 뇌의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) 발현이 저하됨을 발견하였다. 이를 통해서 fluoxetine이 백서 뇌의 dopamine 기능에 긍정적인지 혹은 부정적인지를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 4주간의 schedule-induced polydipsia 과정을 거친 백서에서 면역죄치화학적인 방법으로 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 저하됨을 확인한 후, 실험동물들에게 fluoxetine 10mg/kg를 3주간 복강내 주사하였다. 실험백서들을 희생시켜 뇌 조직을 적출하여, TH 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 흑질, 복부피개영역, 그리고 미상핵의 TH 면역반응세포를 관찰하고 이를 정상백서와 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 다갈증이 유발된 백서의 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵에서 tyrosine hydroxylase 발현이 정상백서 보다 저하됨을 관찰하였다. 2) 3주간에 걸친 fluoxetine 투여후 흑질, 복부피개영역, 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase 발현이 다시 증가하는 소견을 보였다. 결론: Fluoxetine 만성투여가 흑질, 복부피개영역 그리고 미상핵의 tyrosin hydroxylase를 증가시키는 소견을 얻었다. 이러한 결과는 임상에서 dopamine 결핍과 연관된 질환들에서 fluoxetine을 만성투여하면 운동기능을 포함한 증상들의 개선을 가져올 수도 있다고 추정된다. Objective: It has been suggested that fluoxetine inhibits the dopaminergic neurotransmission by serotonergic mediation. And also, it has been shown to inhibit synthesis of DOPA in dopamine-rich areas of the rat forebrain. These dopamine-antagonistic capacity of fluoxetine is only supported by anecdotal report that the increased amount of motor disability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after exposure to fluoxetine. However, there is still no evidence of the direct effect of fluoxetine on dopaminergic neuronal cell body in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine in rat brain which showed decreased numbers of dopaminergic neuronal cell body induced by schedule-induced polydipsia(SIP). Method: We incidentally found that 4 weeks of schedule-induced polydipsic rats revealed the suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen with the immunohistochemistric measures. After 3 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of fluoxetine to the schedule induced polydipsic rats, the tyrosine hydroxylase expression was also measured with immunohistochemistry. We compared the tyrosine hydroxylase expression among the normal control, the polydipsic rats, and the rats with fluoxetine treatment. Results: 1) By contrast with the control, the polydipsic rats revealed the evidence of decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. 2)After daily injection of fluoxetine for 3 weeks, the polydipsic rats showed increment of tyrosine hydroxyase expression in those areas. Conclusions: In previous studies, a great deal of results suggest that fluoxetine negatively influence the dopaminergic systems indirectly via serotonergic activation such as inhibition of dopamine synthesis or transport system. Although our results are obtained from rodents, we suggest that fluoxetine directly and positively enhance the dopamine system in the substantia nigra, VTA, caudate & putamen. The chronic adminstration of fluoxetine may be helpful to dopamine-depleted condition in clinical situations. We anticipate the replication studies of our findings and well-controlled clinical trial.

추출시간에 따른 돼지 족(足)의 지방산과 칼슘·마그네슘 함량 변화에 관한 연구

이미경,노기환 광주보건대학 1989 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The concent of fatty acid, calcium and magnesium of pig's shank according to be extracted hour was examined. The results what investigated are follows ; 1. There were 9 kinds of different fatty acids in water extract of pig's shank by GLC. The composition was not very different between each other. Linolenic acid was increased as much as 276% when extracted f o r 12hrs. but the amount of monounsaturated fatty acid was decreased as much as 30% by extracting hours. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid was decreased also by extracting hours. Therefore, p/s ratio was also decreased by extracting hours. 2. The amount of calcium, magnesium was analyzed by chelatemetry. The amount of calcium was 124.7mg% in raw materials, but water extract sample and bone powder showed higher value. In case of magnesium, it was 138.4 mg % in raw materials, but e xtract sample showed less amount and bone powder indicated higher value. Therefore, the amount of calcium and magnesium were the highest value in S_(B1) and T_(B2), respectively.

点間 位置 最適制御方式의 提案

李善熙,李洸稙,嚴基煥 서울産業大學校 1989 논문집 Vol.29 No.1

서어보계의 점간이동 동작에서 정지점 부근의 충격을 최소화하는 것을 중심으로 하고 겸하여 시간과 에너지까지 포함한 평가함수를 최소로 하는 제어방식을 제안하였다. 제안한 제어방식은 직류전동기를 동력장치로 이용한 제어계를 설계하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션하였다. 그 결과 기대한 제어특성을 얻었으면, 본 제어방식은 뱅-뱅 및 포화-비례제어 방식보다 정지점 부근의 충격, 정상오차, 시간, 에너지 등이 가장 적은 것을 알았다. In the point-to-point motion on servo system, a control mode which minimizes the performance index including the impact of end point, time and energy, is proposed. The proposed control modes 1 and 2 applied to the feed-back control system of D.C motor and then a computer simulation is conducted. The control mode 1 had less the impact of end point, steady state error, time and energy than the mode 2 or the bang-bang control mode.

상아질 접착제의 전단결합강도 및 주사전자현미경적 연구

이기환,임미경 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.1

庶政刷新의 實踐方案에 관한 硏究

李基煥 단국대학교 법정대학 지역개발학과 1980 地域開發論叢 Vol.2 No.-

Risperidone이 백서의 억제된 자발적 교대행동에 미치는 영향

이기철,이정호,김진규,정홍경,천강훈,류정환,최영민,전성일 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objectives : Recently, some case reports have shown that risperidone is effective to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Possible explanations for efficacy of risperidone in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder maybe due to that it is both serolonin and dopamine receptor antagonist. On the basis of serotonin-dopamine interaction hypothesis, a biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of risperidone was evaluated to the suppressed spontaneous alternation behaviour of animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Methods : The apparatus for spontaneous alternation behaviour was a black plexiglas T-maze with distinctive black and white goal boxes. Black gullotine doors separated the start box and the goal boxes from the main body of the T-maze Small cups were placed in the corners of both goal boxes(all arms measured 50×10cm) 24 hours prior to experiment, rats(Spraque-Dawley) were food-deprived. The food-deprived rats were put into T-maze, in which both goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for checked. After baseline of the number of choices of spontaneous alternation behaviour was stabilized, the pontaneous alternation disrupted by nonselective 5-HT agonist, 5-MeODMT (1.25mg/kg/IP). The experimental animals were stratified into 5 groups, fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), risperidone(0.1mg/Kg/IP), haloperidol(0.1㎎/Kg/IP), fluoxetine(10mg/Kg) with haloperidol(0.1 mg/Kg), and saline(0.5cc/IP) control group. Each drugs were injected for 21 days as a chronic treatment. The protective effects were evaluated on the nest day of discontinuation of the each drugs among 5 groups. Results : 1) After 21 days of the drug treatment, the risperidone group and the fluoxetine group showed significant difference from the haloperidol group and the saline control group on the protection of the 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) The fluoxetine group and fluoxetine with haloperidol group showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. The risperidone group also showed significant difference between before and after treatment in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour, but the protective effect of risperidone was superior to fluoxetine. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both risperidone and fluoxetine have a favorable effect in the protection of 5-MeODMT induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We think that risperidone can be possible alternatives to SSRIs in the treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder in clinical situation.

식물체의 활성 물질연구(Ⅰ) : 소나무잎의 지방산 조성 Fatty acid composition in the needle of Genus Pinus

이미경,노기환 광주보건대학 1993 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

In order to investigate of the fatty acid composition in the needle of Genus Pinus, this study was carried out. The raw materials used in this study were the green needle of Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and Pinus thunbergii. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Three samples such as Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and Pinus thunbergii, moisture, Crude protein, Crude Lipid and ash was 61.6%, 5.95% and 6.10% ; 7.46%, 6.95% and 7.63% ; 11.61%, 10.53% and 11.85% ; 2.66%, 2.45% and 2.57% respectively. 2. In the Pinus densiflora, 11 kinds of fatty acids were analyzed and one unknown peak comes out. There are 10 kinds of fatty acid were analyzed in the needle of Pinus rigida and Pinus thunbergii. 3. There are favorable contents of essential fatty acid in the needle of Genus Pinus. Especially the contents of linoleic acid were 51~55%, alpha linolenic acid were 8.7~9.9% and arachidonic were 2~2.28%. 4. P/S ratio for Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and Pinus thunbergii was 6.23, 6.01 and 5.28 respectively. Therfore, there are a lot of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the needle of Ginus Pinus what we obtained. 5. W-6/W-3 ratio for Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and Pinus thunbergii was 6.24, 5.64 and 6.37, respectively. Especially C_(18:2)/C_(18:3) was 5.9, 5.4 and 6.2 respectively.

나리류 養液栽培時 培地種類 및 養掖濃度가 球根肥大와 切花品質에 미치는 影響

이춘용,이기환 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1998 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

By studing on selection of optimal media and nutrient concentration in selected media so that carried out the influnance of bulb enlargment and quality of cut flower of hydroponicsis of lily. The result is following. 1. The sprouting was relatively fast in husk+peatmoss, perlite+peatmoss and, according to cultivars its rank was cv.Cherry Blossom, cv. Nove Cento, cv. Snow queen. The peroid of growing was short appromaxitively forty day in cv. nove cento, twenty day in cv.Snow Queen than that of spring planting. The quality of cut flower, that is plant height and number of flowers was excellent in fermented husk+fermented saw dust(7:3). 2. In the case of growing late, not only fresh weight increased remarkable but also degree of bulb enlargement revelaed greatly, when growing point of new bulb was differentiation. 3. The rate of bulb enlargement was remarkable difference between treatment according to nutrient concentration ; bulb weight , bulb diameter, bulb height, bulb width, number of scale and scale weight were very excellent in twofold standard soultion of Horticultural Experiment (N,30-P,6-K,12-Ca,16-mG,8me/1). 4. The quality of cut flower according to nutrient concentration, that is cut flower weight, cut flower height and leaf area were good when cv. Casa blanca was treated by standard soultion of H.E (N,15-P,3-K,6-Ca8-Mg,4me/l),cv. Elite was 1/2standard soultion of H.E.(N,7.5 -P, 1.5-K,3-Ca,4-Mg, 2ME/L) Gelria treated with twofold standard soultion of Horticultural Experiment was excellent in all of them above, but revealed bad for hardness of stem in the cv. casa blanca cultivars. 5. As a result of leaf analysis, all of cultivars revealed highly in rate of absorbance of nitrogen and potassium, when nutrient of high-concentration was treated Amount of absorbance of them remarkable increased in caseof cv. Elite cultivar, especilly absorbance of calcium was higher than other component. Amount absorbance of nitrogen in cv.casa blanca, according to high-concentration nutrient was much better but rate of absorbance of potassium weakly increased. Conseqencelly we know that nitrogen and potassium play an imporitant role in bulb enlargement and quality of cut flower. 6. The quality of bulb like bulb weight, bulb diameter, bulb width, bulb height, number of scale, scale weight were execellent as it cut thestem at 10 cm above the ground to reuse a bulb after cut flower.

製紙廢水 슬러지의 濃縮 및 脫水特性에 關한 硏究

金煥起,朴相肅,李壯煥 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1992 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.7 No.-

Paper and pulp industry are improving by development of paper and publication culture, also treatment and generated sludge in wastewater treatment have operated significant factor of development in paper industry. Therefore, this paper had study on the thickening and dewatering of sludge for the methods of the rational treatment and disposal of sludge in paper mill industry. 1. The primery sludge of wastewater treatment in paper mill are rapid to zone settling velocity, because sludge concentration are concentrated more primery sludge than seconday sludge. 2. The injected polymer to sludge of wastewater treatment in paper mill is 2.6mg. This is very similar to that quantity of injected polymer in treatment plant of paper mill wastewater. 3. Specific resistance to sludge of wastewater treatment in paper mill is 0.33×10 exp (7)sec^2/g, dewatering sludge in paper mill wastewater are good, because specific resistance of sludge in wastewater treatment plant is smaller than other sludge.

製紙슬럿지 소각재의 燒結處理와 溫度의 相關性에 관한 硏究

김환기,이성백,정흥렬 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1995 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

Paper and pulps industry is improving with development of paper and publication culture, also disposal of paper sludge and flyash has induced significant factor of development in the paper industry because of shortage in disposal area and inhabitant demonstration. There fore this studies persuit fundamentle database of flyash specification in the physical and chemical analysis for recycling architectural materials, etc. 1. This study investigates production of papersludge and flyash chemicalcomposition, physical and chemical specification ( ignition loss, specific weight, sintering temperture. And density etc.) 2. Especially focuses in the characteristics of the sintering treatment and sintering temperature of flyash. 3. Accomplishes in cut of cost through save energy & reuse of waste materials. Environmentally conservation of our nature has to be carried by ourselves.