A Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting the IL-6 Receptor β Subunit, Glycoprotein 130

Hong, Soon-Sun,Choi, Jung Ho,Lee, Sung Yoon,Park, Yeon-Hwa,Park, Kyung-Yeon,Lee, Joo Young,Kim, Juyoung,Gajulapati, Veeraswamy,Goo, Ja-Il,Singh, Sarbjit,Lee, Kyeong,Kim, Young-Kook,Im, So Hee,Ahn, Sun The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 2015 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.195 No.1

<P>IL-6 is a major causative factor of inflammatory disease. Although IL-6 and its signaling pathways are promising targets, orally available small-molecule drugs specific for IL-6 have not been developed. To discover IL-6 antagonists, we screened our in-house chemical library and identified-LMT-28, a novel synthetic compound, as a candidate IL-6 blocker. The activity, mechanism of action, and direct molecular target of LMT-28 were investigated. A reporter gene assay showed that LMT-28 suppressed activation of STAT3 induced by IL-6, but not activation induced by leukemia inhibitory factor. In addition, LMT-28 downregulated IL-6-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3, gp130, and JAK2 protein and substantially inhibited IL-6-dependent TF-1 cell proliferation. LMT-28 antagonized IL-6-induced TNF-alpha production in vivo. In pathologic models, oral administration of LMT-28 alleviated collagen-induced arthritis and acute pancreatitis in mice. Based on the observation of upstream IL-6 signal inhibition by LMT-28, we hypothesized IL-6, IL-6R alpha, or gp130 to be putative molecular targets. We subsequently demonstrated direct interaction of LMT-28 with gp130 and specific reduction of IL-6/IL-6R alpha complex binding to gp130 in the presence of LMT-28, which was measured by surface plasmon resonance analysis. Taken together, our data suggest that LMT-28 is a novel synthetic IL-6 inhibitor that functions through direct binding to gp130.</P>

언어 연구의 회고와 전망

안병희,임홍빈,권재일 서울大學校 人文學硏究所 1997 人文論叢 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to establish right directions for future researches in Korean morphology End syntax, through a critical examination and appraised of past and current researches in these areas. Chapter 2 deals with Korean morphology while chapter 3 concentrated on problems in Korean syntax. The main points can be summed up as follows. (1) Researches on Korean morphology With regard to areas of investigation, it was pointed out that a balanced research of both morphology and syntax is necessary. The tendency for the research concentrated in one area to neglect the research of another area was pointed out. In particular, the predominance of syntactic research over morphological research needs to be remedied. Within morphology, the need for a balanced perspective also exists. Current research is concentrated on word-formation to the exclusion of detailed studies on inflection. The imbalance needs to be remedied as well. The following points were made with regard to research methodology in Korean morphological studies. First, it goes without saying the current research builds on and improves the results of past research. Therefore, just as it is important for current research to be creative and innovative, it needs to be founded solidly on past achievements. Secondly, modern linguistics is based on rationalism to the almost total exclusion of empiricism. However, the time has come for a research methodology that synthesizes these two trends. Detailed and logical descriptions of the linguistic phenomena of Korean based on careful empirical observations are called for. Thirdly, current research emphasizes the autonomy of sub-disciplines of linguistics, with the result that each sub-discipline has pursued research according to its own methods and philosophies. It is time for an Integrated approach to language to take the place of such fragmented methodology. Fourthly, the undue emphasis on synchronic studies must be altered. Proper attention needs to be paid to the diachronic aspects of language. (2) Researches on Korean syntax As is well known, it is not surprising that syntactic studies in Korea during last fifty years or so have followed the guidelines of structural and/or generative linguistics. Sometimes we have seen great achievements attaind by applying the related methodology to the raw materials in the language. However, it may well be pointed out that they have been misguided by some wrong assumptions about the real nature of language and the task of syntactic theory. Regretfully, the theory-oriented approaches to syntax often have shown the tendency to overlook the importance of the description of grammatical relations. Here we focused our attention on two insufficiencies which are explicitly or implicitly involved in syntactic theories and practices. One is related to the destruction of the lexical item which may well be called "Lexical Destruction," the other is related to the wrong categorization of syntactic constituents. One example of Lexical Destruction (=LD) is found in Chomsky (1994). In that work, English demonstrative pronoun this and that is decomposed into th- and -is or -at, which is nothing but a wild LD. This move has the purpose to satisfy the Kayne's (1993) hypothesis of Linear Correspondance Axion which relates linear ordering of syntactic constituents to ccommand configuration. However, this kind of destruction cannot be justified, simply because it is not the syntactic analysis. The generative semantic attempt to decompose a set of causative verbs into their semantic primitives would be a classical example of LD. LD could also be found in the attitude of treating causative or passive suffixes in Korean as an independent syntactic units. Presumably, LD might be seen to have the motive to handle the linguistic data as one pleases. It is clear that in the course of LD, the lexical items are apt to lose their inherent lexical properties and idiosyncrasies. In this connection, it is noted that in Korean syntax the lexical--formative ani- and -hata involved in the negative predicate anihata should not be treated separately, It is because that the -o ending which appears with the preceding verbal stem in the long form negative constructions in Korean can be explained to be needed by only the existence of the whole lexical item anihata. On the other hand, wrong categorizations of syntactic constituents are another source of deficiencies in current syntactic theories and in practical analyses. One example is the DP (=Determiner Phrase) category as is set up in Abney (1987) or Chomsky (1995), which replaces the old NP category. DP category cannot be borne out in the light of Case facts. Consider the case of possessive DP which receives nominative case from somewhere. Since the head of possessive DP has already genitive case, there can never be added another case to the existing genitive head. Number facts show similar difficulties. Case fact is more crucial than this. The category of "AGR(Agreement)" as is not rarely postulated in GB (or Principles and Parameters) approaches to Korean syntax is another example of wrong categorization. The honorific suffix -si- in 'Korean is claimed to fall under that category. However, the suffix -si- cannot be identified as the element to be used to honor the person(s) who appear(s) in the subject position. The function of the suffix -si- is roughly identificd as the element to be used to honor the major Experiencer. Another example of wrong categorization is the so-called "predicate clause" as is often set up in the Korean syntax, which indicates the construction "second subject plus predicate" in the so-called double subject constructions. Since the term "predicate" is familar to us, it is easy to believe that category real or at least not implausible. But there can never be such a category. The structure of "predicate clause" is nothing but a sentence sfructure, urongly adapted to clausal structure. Chomsky (1994) wants to remove syntactic categories and bar-levels from syntactic configuration. Although they might be of little use in generative syntax, it cannot be denied that they are indispensable tools to describe the syntactic relations with.

기능성 생식, 다이어트식 및 장개선제가 비만개선에 미치는 영향

전태일,전은자,김창성,이주용,안홍석,임병우,최영숙,박웅채,박동기 建國大學校附設農業資源開發硏究所 2001 農資源開發論集 Vol.23 No.-

Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat and is closely related to diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Dietary cure has been paid attention as a method for preventing from or curing obesity. The effect of some food products developed in this laboratory, such as, functional saengsik (Health & Joy saengsik), diet food (Health & Joy diet meal) and intestine function activator (Cell-pa, commercial name) on curing and protecting from obesity were investigated. Diet program was applied to 31 adults (Males 22, Females 9) with above 120% body mass index (BMI). After diet program was applied, body weight, body fat and fat weight decreased by 1, 4.8 and 4.5% (p<0.01), HDL-cholesterol increased by 3.6% and LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index decreased by 6.6 and 7.7% (p<0.05). Consequently, the food products developed in this laboratory effectively reduced the obesity.

광주광역시 전문계 고등학교 특성화 및 종합발전방안

나승일,정철영,김진모,안강현,한홍진,김기용,민상기,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하는데 있다. 이 연구는 ① 전문계 고등학교 관련 선행연구 분석,② 인력육성 및 특성화 방향을 설정하기 위하여 광주광역시,전라남도,우리나라의 산업여건 분석,③ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교에 대해 Malcolm Baldrige 평가모형에 의한 진단평가와 SWOT 및 활용전략 분석, ④ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 개편 요구 분석,⑤ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안 설정 등의 과정을 통해 수행되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째,비전은 광주광역시 전문계고 특성화와 발전 역량 구축을 통한 산업체 요구에 부합하는 우수 인력 양성이며,이를 위한 전략은 특성화 체제구축,학교교육 혁신,인적 자원 혁신,학교경영 혁신,인프라 구축으로 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 특성화 체제 구축은 특성화 체제 개편,교육과정 중심 특성화,학과 재배치 통합형 고교 도입,특성화고 신설을 통해 추진할 수 있 는데 특히,교육과정 중심 특성화가 적극 도입되어야 한다. 셋째,학교교육 혁신은 교육과정 개편,교수 학습 개선,진로지도 개선,시설 및 기자재 개선을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 넷째,인적자원 혁신은 학교 관리자 역량 강화,교원 역량 강화,학생 역량 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 다섯째,학교경영 혁신은 경영 리더십 제고,경영 성과관리 강화,학교 재정 혁신을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 여섯째,인프라 구축을 위해 지자체,대학,산업체,지역주민과 연계 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 일곱째,13개 전문계 고둥학교의 여건 및 특성에 적합한 단위학교별 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하였다. The purpose of this study was to suggest strategies to specialize and develop vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The study was orderly performed as follows: (1) reviewing literature about vocational high school, (2) analyzing the condition of industries, (3) diagnosing the vocational high school through Malcolm Baldrige model, (4) analyzing the SWOT and application strategies, (5) analyzing the needs of reform, and (6) establishing the strategies for the specialization and development of Vocational High Schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The major findings of this study were as the following: First, the vision was to bring up excellent human resources to corresponds industrial needs through specialization and development of vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Five strategies to achieve it were creating the specialization system, innovating the school education, human resources, and the school management, and building the infrastructure. Second, creating the specialization system can be performed through five tasks which were restructuring the specialization system, creating curriculum-based specialization, trading departments in inter-schools, introducing an integrated high school, and building a new specialized high school. Especially curriculum based specialization needs to be accepted. Third, innovating the school education can be performed through four tasks which were reorganizing the curriculum, improving the teaching and learning, improving the career guidance, and improving the facilities and equipments. Fourth, innovating human resources can be performed through three tasks which were enhancing each competencies of a school manager, a teacher, and a student. Fifth, innovating the school management can be performed through three tasks which were improving the management leadership, developing the performance management, and innovating the school finance. Sixth, building the infrastructure can be performed through four tasks which were enhancing the relationships with a local government, colleges, industries, and local residents. Seventh, individual strategies for the specialization and development of thirteen vocational high schools were also developed by corresponding to their conditions and characteristics.

무주지역에서 채취한 산삼 생육 토양미생물에 대한 동정 연구

신동엽,박용일,김홍렬,안덕균,박성규 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

objectives : Microorganisms were isolated from soils remaining attached to the roots of Wild Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. naturally grown in Moo-Ju area. methods : As a preliminary study for the establishment of wild ginseng radix discrimination system based on area of growth, these isolates were identified by using mainly API 20NE and API 50CHB kits and the microbial consortia were compared. From the sample of Moo-Ju area, 9 and 6 strains were isolated and identified after the incubation of agar plates at 30℃ and 37℃, respectively. results : The results showed that 2 strains of soil bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophilia, and Bacillus cereus commonly existed in the roots of wild ginseng of both 30℃ and 37℃. And that 6 strains, Pseudomonas putida, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas fluorescence at 30℃ and Bacillus subtilis, Empedobacter brevis, Brevi. laterosporus at 37℃, inhabited specifically in the roots of wild ginseng of Moo-Ju area. conclusion : These results suggest that comparison of microbial consortia associated with roots of wild ginseng could be used for the establishment of a naturally growing wild ginseng radix discrimination system.

석탄회를 이용한 제올라이트의 합성과 중금속 흡착 특성

류완호,이원묵,홍필선,양천희,안재영,백일현,이병노 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.5

석탄회를 이용, 중금속 제거용 흡착제 제조를 목적으로 NaOH를 반응물로 한 수열합성 반응으로 제올라이트를 합성하였으며, 이에 대한 성능특성 및 중금속 흡착실험을 수행하였다. SiO₂와 Al₂O₃를 주성분으로 한 석탄회를 NaOH에 의한 수열합성 반응으로 폐수 중에 포함되어 있는 중금속에 대한 제거능력이 높은 제올라이트를 합성하고자 하였다. 따라서 NaOH 농도, 시간을 변화시키면서 제올라이트를 합성하여 실험한 결과 4 M-NaOH, 4시간에서 최적의 조업조건을 얻을 수 있었다. 산에 의한 전처리 과정을 거친 합성 제올라이트는 pH 7-9.5로 중성을 나타내었다. 또한 산처리 합성 제올라이트를 이용하여 중금속인 P, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn등의 흡착능을 비교한 결과 P, Pb, Cd 등은 비교적 흡착능이 우수하게 나타났지만 Cr과 Mn 등은 pH가 너무 높기 때문에 거의 흡착이 이루어지지 않았다. Zeolite was synthesized from coal fly ash produced by a domestic power plant and has applications in the removal of heavy metal from waste water. Zeolite was synthesized using a hydrothermal method involving an alkaline reaction with NaOH. The NaOH concentration and reaction times were varied in order to synthesize zeolite showing the maximum removal efficiency of heavy metal from waste water. The synthesis conditions were optimized at the concentration of 4M-NaOH and the reaction time of 4hn. The synthesized zeolite needed washing with HCI solution to improve the removal efficiency of P, Pb. Cd. Cr. Mn and it was maximized at pH 7-9.5 in leaching solution of synthesized zeolite.

감광제/광촉매에 의한 시설환경의 정화

이재구,이용필,안기창,김일근,채홍민 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

일반 생활환경 또는 원예시설 내의 공기오염물질중 하나인 잔류 농약 및 병원성 미생물을 제거하기 위한 방법으로 자연광 또는 인공광 조건에서 몇 가지의 감광제/광촉매에 의한 광분해 촉진효과와 미생물 살균효과 시험을 수행하였다. 감광제로는 quinone계 물질 PS-1, aromatic ketone계 PS-2, aromatic amine계 PS-3, organic acid salt의 PS-4, inorganic compound의 PC-1, inorganic metal compound의 PC-2와 PC3를 선발하여 사용하였다. 그리고 시험 농약으로 시설내 병해충 방제농약인 살충제 carbofuran, 살균제인 diethofencarb, metalaxyl, benomyl, thiram, propineb, iprovalicarb를 선정하였고, 유해 미생물로는 5종의 곰팡이와 3종의 세균성 식물 병원균들을 선정하였다. 농약의 광분해 촉진효과로는 대체적으로 PS-1, PS-2, PS-3, 그리고 PC-2에서 감광제/광촉매를 처리하지 않은 처리구에 비해 높은 분해율을 보였다. 미생물 현탁액에서는 광촉매에 의한 곰팡이의 살균효과는 없었으나 병원성 세균의 성장은 광촉매에 의한 저해가 뚜렷하였다. 위의 결과에서 볼 때 광조건하에서 감광제/광촉매의 사용은 농작물이나 또는 토양표면에 잔류하는 농약의 광분해나 병원성 미생물을 제거하여 보다 안전한 농산물을 생산함은 물론 토양을 위시한 주변환경중의 농약잔류물을 경감시킴으로서 환경보호 및 재배시설내의 작업자와 일반대중의 건강 증진에 커다란 도움이 되리라 기대된다. For the artificial removal of pesticide residues and pathogenic microorganisms in the greenhouse or in the living environment, the accelerated photodegradation and the biocidal effects by some photosensitizers(PS)/photocatalysts(PC) were tested under the sunlight or artificial light. The test pesticides included thiram, diethofencarb, propineb, benomyl, metalaxyl, and iprovalicarb as fungicides, carbofuran as an insecticide, and some bacteria and fungi as the pathogenic microorganisms. PS-1, PS-2, and PC-1 led to the accelerated photodegradation of all the tested pesticides compared to the control without PS/PC under the sunlight. The photocatalysts had no effect on the growth of the fungi in aqueous suspension. Whereas, the PC-2 and PC-3 added to the bacterial suspensions obviously inhibited the microbial growth under the artificial light. These results suggest that the photosensitizers/photocatalysts in the presence of light can decrease some pollutants in the facility environment and hence they can be used to reduce the exposure of the workers in the environment to the harmful pollutants. Key words: Photosensitizer, photocatalyst, photodegradation, pesticide, biocide, bacteria, fungi

Paradoxical psoriasis induced by biologic therapies

( Hyun Yi Suh ),( Hong Lim Kim ),( Kyung Ho Kim ),( Jae Wook Jeon ),( Ji Young Ahn ),( Mi Youn Park ),( Jai Il Youn ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Biologic therapies currently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis work well. Administrations of those are beneficial in a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions. Recent reports have illustrated the paradoxical development of psoriasis after biologic therapies. A 30-year-old man presented widespread scaly erythematous patches on the whole body involvement after treatment with the third dose of infliximab. He was diagnosed with palmoplantar psoriasis 6 years ago. The patients had been treated either neotigason or cyclosporine with eximer phototherapy for 2 years 6 months before visiting our psoriasis clinic. He was started on the injections of infliximab, but there was no improvement after the first dose. After receiving third dose of infliximab, the patient had experienced worsening of his plaque psoriasis on the whole. We changed other biologics, ustekinumab, anti-IL-12/23 p40 monoclonal antibody. He was treated with ustekinumab. Although receiving the second dose of ustekinumab, the skin lesions were not improved and worsening of appearing pustules on the palm and sole. We treated with cyclosporin and with calcipotriol agent (Daivonex® cream) for his skin lesion. Herein, we report this impressive case of induced paradoxical psoriasis after treating on TNF-a inhibitor and IL-12/23 inhibitor.

쾌속조형용 재료의 이방성과 강도에 대한 연구 - FDM

김승화,이홍경,이재일,안성훈 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology has been advanced to fabricate initial prototy various materials. Stratasys Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the typical RP that provide functional prototypes of ABS plastic. In order to predict the behavior of parts, it is critical to understand the material properties of the raw FDM process mat the effect that FDM build parameters have on the FDM part. In this paper, we characterize the properties of ABS parts fabricated by the FDM 1650. Using the I Experiment (DOE) approach, the process parameters of FDM, such as raster orientatior bead width, color, and model temperature were examined. Tensile strengths of specimens, [45/-45], cross specimens, [0/90], and directionally fabricated tensile special and [90]) were measured and compared with the injection molded FDM-ABS P400 mat the FDM parts made with a 0.003 air gap, the typical tensile strength ranged be percent and 83 percent of the strength of injection molded ABS P4OO. From the expert couple of build rules for designing FDM parts were obtained.

Suppression of IgE production and modulation of Th1/Th2 cell response by electroacupuncture in DNP-KLH immunized mice

Park, Moon-Baik,Ko, Eunjung,Ahn, Changjoon,Choi, Hyun,Rho, Samwoong,Shin, Min-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Min, Byung-Il,Bae, Hyunsu WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Effects of electroacupuncturc (EA) on Th1/Th2 cell response were investigated in BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally with 2,4-dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet protein (DNP-KLH). Successive electroacupuncture stimulation on the ST36 acupoint was performed just after immunization. Serum levels of antigen-specific lgE and total lgE were significantly decreased compared with non-acupunctured controls. Production of the Th2-specific cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in the anti-CD3 mAb-activated splenocytes was significantly suppressed in ST36 electroacupunctured mice compared with non-acupunctured mice. These results imply that successive electroacupuncture on ST36 can decrease the serum level of antigen-specific lgE and total lgE by suppression of the Th2 lineage development.