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황석연,이영구,황상구,임홍빈,김용익,장경훈,전병훈,이동욱,이형철 대한동의병리학회 2001 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.15 No.5
Protaetia brevitarsis has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatic diseases, although its toxicity in vivo was not proven pharmacologically or clinically. To investigate the subchronic toxicity of Protaetia brevitarsis extract (PBE) in Sprague-Dawley rats, male rats were given diet containing 0.04, 0.2, or 1.0% PBE for 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. Compared with age-matched control group, PBE treated groups have no abnormal signs(in external morphology) and significant changes in body weight and organs weight. Any abnormal signs including urinalysis and serum biochemistry parameters were also not observed after treatment with PBE for 12 weeks. Levels of total proteins and albumin in serum were significantly increased only in the group administered with 0.2% and 0.04% PBE for 4 weeks, but those were returned to the levels of control rats when rats were treated with same amount of PBE for 12 weeks. On the contrary, the activities of serum AST and ALT were decreased in the groups administered with 1.0% PBE for 4 weeks, and 1.0% and 0.04% PBE for 12 weeks. However, the alterations were located within the normal range in these parameters. Therefore, the results suggest that PBE does not induce any toxicity in SD rats administered with diet containing up to 1.0% of PBE for 12 weeks.
( Hee Kang ),( Yun-gu Hwang ),( Taek-guen Lee ),( Cheng-ri Jin ),( Chi Heung Cho ),( Hee-yeong Jeong ),( Dae-ok Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.10
Red ginseng, a steamed and sun-dried ginseng, is a popular health-promoting food in Korea and other Asian countries. We introduced nanofertilizer technology using gold nanoparticles in an effort to develop red ginseng with an elevated level of ginsenosides, the main active compounds of ginseng. Shoots of 6-year-old ginseng plants were fertilized three times with colloidal gold nanoparticle sprays. Red ginseng extract was prepared from the main roots. The concentrations of gold and ginsenosides were measured following gold nanoparticle treatment. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, mouse peritoneal macrophages of male BALB/c mouse were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-γ in the presence of extracts from red ginseng with or without gold nanoparticle treatment. The content of ginsenosides, such as Rg1, Re, Rf, and Rb1, increased in ginseng treated with gold nanofertilizer whereas the steaming process increased only the levels of Rd and Rg3. The levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-α, were more suppressed in macrophages treated with extract from gold nanoparticle-treated red ginseng. Our results show that the use of a colloidal gold nanoparticle fertilizer improved the synthesis of ginsenosides in ginseng and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of red ginseng. Further research is required to elucidate the causal factors for the gold-induced change in ginsenoside synthesis and to determine the in vivo effect of gold nanoparticletreated ginseng.
Morphological assessment of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal in Koreans
Yu, Sun-Kyoung,Kim, Seog,Kang, Shin Gu,Kim, Jae Hyuk,Lim, Kyeong Ok,Hwang, Seong-Ik,Kim, Heung-Joong Korean Association of Anatomists 2015 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.48 No.1
<P>The mandibular canal divides into the mental and incisive canals at the premolar region, forms the anterior loop which crosses anterior to the mental foramen, and turns back to reach the mental foramen. The aim of this study was to elucidate the general anatomical structure of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal using morphometry. Twenty-six hemimandibles from 19 cadavers (16 males, 3 females; mean age at death, 54.4 years) were studied by meticulous dissection with the aid of a surgical microscope. The location of the anterior loop, the diameters of the mandibular, mental, and incisive canals, and their distances from bony landmarks were measured using digital calipers. The anterior loop of the mandibular canal was located 3.05±1.15 mm (mean±SD) anterior to the anterior margin of the mental foramen and 2.72±1.41 mm inferior to the superior margin of the mental foramen, and was 4.34±1.46 mm long. The diameters of the mandibular, mental, and incisive canals were 2.8±0.49, 2.63±0.64, and 2.22±0.59 mm, respectively. The distances between the inferior border of the mandible and each of these canals were 7.82±1.52, 10.11±1.27, and 9.08±1.66 mm, respectively. The anterior loop of the mandibular canal was located a mean of 3.1 mm anterior and 2.7 mm inferior to the mental foramen, and continued upward and backward into the mental canal, and forward into the incisive canal. These detailed morphological features of the anterior loop of the mandibular canal represent useful practical anatomical knowledge regarding the interforaminal region.</P>
이상갑,최소영,황영실,장세호,심정우,김흥업,김민구,김기량,이용섭,천맹렬 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.5
Up to 1937, 357 cases of tongue tuberculosis had been reported. However, Since potent antituberculosis drugs had been introduced, the incidence of oral tuberculosis lesions has been dramatically decreased. This might be related to the marked vascularity of the tongue which enables a high concentration of the drug to be reached to the lesion. Both the primary and secondary types of tuberculosis can be revealed in the oral cavity. In the primary type, the causative organisms are directly inoculated in the oral mucosa of a person who has never been tuberculosis earlier and who has not acquired an immunity to the disease, In the secondary type, tuberculosis of the oral cavity is coexistent with pulmonary disease. We report a case of tongue tuberculosis with pulmonary tuberculosis, with a review of literature.
금 나노입자를 처리한 홍삼의 산화스트레스 완화 및 PC-12 신경세포 보호
김지원(Ji Won Kim),조치흥(Chi Heung Cho),황윤구(Yun-Gu Hwang),박우정(Woo Jung Park),강희(Hee Kang),김대옥(Dae-Ok Kim) 한국식품과학회 2017 한국식품과학회지 Vol.49 No.2
본 연구에서는 금 나노입자 용액을 생장하는 6년근 인삼에 직접 시비해서 금 나노입자가 전이된 황금인삼을 열수 추출하여 총 페놀 함량, 총플라보노이드 함량, 산화방지능 및 신경세포 보호능을 평가하였다. 1°Bx의 황금홍삼 추출물은 총페놀과 총플라보노이드 함량이 각각 212.2 mg GAE와 3.5 mg CE였다. ABTS, DPPH 및 ORAC 법으로 측정시, 황금홍삼 추출물의 산화방지능은 각각 272.3, 141.2, 868.4 mg VCE/°Bx였다. 황금홍삼 추출물은 과산화수소로부터 유래한 세포 내 산화스트레스를 감소시켜 PC-12 신경세포의 생존율을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 또한, 황금홍삼 추출물은 신경전달물질인 아세틸콜린을 가수분해하는 AChE 및 BChE 활성을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 금 나노입자를 처리한 홍삼을 이용한 산화방지 및 신경손상억제 소재로 활용할 가능성을 제시하였다. Red ginseng prepared from fresh 6-year-old ginseng treated with colloidal gold nanoparticles was extracted using hot water to evaluate its total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effects. Water extract of red ginseng treated with gold nanoparticles (WERGGN) had total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of 212.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/°Bx and 3.5 mg catechin equivalents/°Bx, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of WERGGN measured using ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays were 272.3, 141.2, and 868.4 mg vitamin C equivalents/°Bx, respectively. The WERGGN showed protective effects on the viability of neuron-like PC-12 cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner, partly because of a reduction in intracellular oxidative stress. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, which degrade the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to terminate neurotransmission, were inhibited by treatment with WERGGN. These results suggest that WERGGN is useful as a functional material to decrease oxidative stress and neuronal damage.