기술금융기관의 효율성 분석사례

한상대(Sang-Dae Han),홍재범(Jae-Bum Hong) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2016 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.16 No.4

This case was to assess the efficiency of 26 technology appraisal centers(TAC) of Korea Technology Finance Corporation(KOTEC) and improve the efficiency. The research is based on the analysis of data collected from 2011 to 2013 with Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). As the number of employees and business administrative expenses were used as input variables, leveraging the number of technology appraisal cases, the amount of technology credit guarantee provision and the amount of debt collection through exercising indemnity rights as well as revenues accruing from the technology appraisals were used as output variables. The purpose of those variables are aimed at representing the differentiated features of KOTEC from other conventional credit guarantee institutions. The analysis result showed that the efficiencies of TACs were high overall and improving in the way that their efficiency values show mostly over 0.9 on average. CCR model showed that the number of effective DMUs –represented as Technology Efficiency(TE) Value was 1 – was 7 in 2011 and 13 in 2013 while BCC model showed that the number of DMUs, whose values of Pure Technology Efficiency(PTE) was 1, was 15 in 2011 and 17 in 2013 respectively. The number of DMUs, whose value of Scale Efficiency(SE) is 1, had also been increased from 7 in 2011 to 13 in 2013. The number of DMUs was to show the status of “Constant Returns to Scale(CRS)” increased from 7 in 2011 to 13 in 2013. The number of DMUs was to show the status of “Increasing Returns to Scale(IRS)” was 16 in 2011 and 11 in 2013. The number on “Decreasing Returns to Scale(DRS)” had decreased from 3 in 2011 to 2 in 2013 respectively. Therefore, the number of efficient DMUs whose input was proportional to output –signaling the optimal efficient status- increased by 6. The number of DMUs which still had inefficiency and needed to step up the input had been decreased by 4 while the number of DMU which need to be scaled back the input is decreased by 1. Overall, efficiency of TACs has been increased. The result implies there are many DMUs which could increase the size efficiency, not through removing the inefficiencies by decreasing the input, but through scaling up the total size of output, leveraged by the consolidation of the internal analogous operation in order to make a synergy effect as well as the reduction of outsourcing tasks which have been related with claim collection process and hiring external technology appraisal experts. The benchmarked DMUs which could be the reference group were An-san, Sa-Sang and Sung-Nam TACs. They were located near to the industry complexes. So, their geographical conditions were well positioned to access to the technology-innovative corporations and venture startups, solidifying the fundamental to provide supply in accordance with the increasing demand of technology finance. The value of this study was that it analyses the efficiency of KOTEC takes the key role of technology financing based on technology appraisal. This research was distinctive in that it defined the input and output variables to measure the efficiency of credit guarantee institutions while earlier studies, most of which researched credit-evaluation based guarantee institutions, did not deal with those variables. It has implications which could be applied to evaluate the efficiency of public technology appraisal institution in the future.

양주 노고산(老姑山) 독재동(篤才洞)의 장소성과 역사문화경관 해석

노재현 ( Jae Hyun Rho ),김화옥 ( Hwa Ok Kim ),이정한 ( Jung Han Lee ),박주성 ( Joo Sung Park ) 한국전통조경학회 2015 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 경기도 양주시 장흥면 삼하리 독재동 바위글씨와 노고산의 장소성에 주목하여, 이곳의 경관 및 장소특질을 고찰하고 바위글씨에 담긴 경관의미를 추론함으로써 노고산과 독재동 계곡의 역사문화경관적 함의를 밝히고자 한 것으로 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 삼각산은 조선왕조 6백년 도읍지의 주산(主山)이며 오악(五嶽)을 이루는 중앙의 성산(聖山)으로, 노고산은 삼봉산(三峰山)즉 삼각산의 우람한 세봉우리를 향배하는 의미공간으로서 그 장소성이 획득된다. 더불어 노고산은 조선의 정기를 상징하는 삼각산을 가장 완벽하게 조망할 수 있는 ‘망삼각산(望三角山)’의 절대 시점장이다. 독재동 계곡에 산포(散布)된 다수의 바위글씨는 미수 허목의『고양산수기』의 내용을 현현(顯現)하기 위한 행위이자 경물로 재생산된 산물이다. 그리고 추사 필적의 몽재(夢齋)는 중의적(衆意的) 표현이 읽혀지는 바위글씨로, 먼저 글자 그대로의 뜻인 ‘꿈꾸는 집’ 이지만 내면적 의미는 “한낮 몽상(夢想)도 바탕을 깊이 헤아려 보면 정당성이 확보된다.”는 의미로 ‘몽재거사’로 알려진 성재(性齋) 허전(許傳)의 『몽재집(夢齋集)』서(序)의 내용으로 보아 성재의 독재동 거주와 관련된 징표로 추정된다. 또한 몽재라 쓴 바위 하단의 갑자(甲子)·경오(庚午)·무술(戊戌)·갑인(甲寅) 등의 간지(干支)는 추사와의 교유관계가 있는 1804년 5월생 유생(儒生)의 사주팔자로 판단된다. 노고산과 독재동 계곡은 삼각산을 조망하는 장소일 뿐 아니라 송월재·성재 등 미수의 학통을 계승한 기호지역의 남인학자의 공통된 장구지소로써의 응집력을 보여준다. 또한 이곳에 각자(刻字)된 추사체와 미수체(전서체) 바위글씨는 우리나라 서예사의 큰 흐름을 함축적으로 보여준다는 측면에서도 매우 의미 깊은 역사문화경관이다. This study was focused on the placeness of Nogosan Dokjae-dong and rock inscription located in Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, Gyeonggi-do. The purpose was to reveal the implication of Nogosan and Dokjae-dong Valley in terms of Historic cultural landscape by considering the characteristics of the place and its landscape, and inferring the significance of the letters engraved on the rock. The result is as follows.10)Samgaksan is one of the five famous mountains in Korea. It is the sacred mountain that stands behind the capital city of the Joseon Dynasty that lasted for 600 years. On the other hand, the placeness of Nogosan is significant since it was the place where people used to bow low to the three great summits of Samgaksan. Furthermore, Nogosan was the perfect place to view Samgaksan that represented the Joseon spirit.Many letters were engraved on the rocks around Dokjae-dong Valley by Misu(眉수) Heo Mok(許穆) as part of his memories to describe his experience in the mountain and became a scenery. Chusa(秋史) Kim Jung-Hee(金正喜) also engraved letters of ``Mongjae`` on the rock that contains a double meaning. Literally, it means ‘a dreaming house’ However, it also implies that even just a daydream is significant in a way. These letters are presumed to be the signs that are related to Sung-Jae(性齋) Heo Jeon(許傳)’s experience in Dokjae-dong since the letters were part of his famous book title. Below these two letters, Chusa also engraved letters that describe the sexagenary cycle including the year of the rat, horse, dog, and tiger. They are regarded as the letters that describe the fate of Chusa’s friend, a scholar born in May 1804. Nogosan and Dongjae-dong Valley are very significant in terms of historic cultural landscape as a viewpoint to see Samgaksan; and a place that cherishes the traces of Misu and shows common values and cohesiveness of well-known scholars of the Joseon Dynasty including Song Wol-Jae(松月齋) and Sung-Jae as a of Gihonamin(畿湖南人). The engraved letters of Chusa and Misu also implicitly demonstrates the major trends of Korea’s calligraphy history.

Hypoallergenic and Physicochemical Properties of the A2 β-Casein Fraction of Goat Milk

Tae-Hwan Jung,Hyo-Jeong Hwang,Sung-Seob Yun,Won-Jae Lee,Jin-Wook Kim,Ji-Yun Ahn,Woo-Min Jeon,Kyoung-Sik Han2.6* 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.6

Goat milk has a protein composition similar to that of breast milk and contains abundant nutrients, but its use in functional foods is rather limited in comparison to milk from other sources. The aim of this study was to prepare a goat A2 β-casein fraction with improved digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. We investigated the optimal conditions for the separation of A2 β-casein fraction from goat milk by pH adjustment to pH 4.4 and treating the casein suspension with calcium chloride (0.05 M for 1 h at 25°C). Selective reduction of β- lactoglobulin and αs-casein was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoallergenic property of A2 β-casein fraction was examined by measuring the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha from HMC-1 human mast cells exposed to different proteins, including A2 β-casein fraction. There was no significant difference in levels of both indicators between A2 β-casein treatment and the control (no protein treatment). The A2 β-casein fraction is abundant in essential amino acids, especially, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). The physicochemical properties of A2 β-casein fraction, including protein solubility and viscosity, are similar to those of bovine whole casein which is widely used as a protein source in various foods. Therefore, the goat A2 β-casein fraction may be useful as a food material with good digestibility and hypoallergenic properties for infants, the elderly, and people with metabolic disorders.

보문 : 버섯 세균성갈색무늬병원균(Pseudomonas tolaasii)의 분비 독소(tolaasin)를 저해하는 미생물 Pseudomonas sp. HC1

이찬중 ( Chan Jung Lee ),유영미 ( Young Mi Yoo ),한주연 ( Ju Yeon Han ),전창성 ( Chang Sung Jhune ),정종천 ( Jong Chun Cheong ),문지원 ( Ji Won Moon ),서장선 ( Jang Sun Suh ),한혜수 ( Hye Su Han1 ),차재순 ( Jae Soon Cha ) 한국균학회 2013 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.41 No.4

A Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from mushroom media that markedly reduces the level of extracellular toxins (i.e., tolaasins) produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii, the most destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. The HC1 strain was selected as detoxifying tolaasin by bioassay on potato and it was identified Pseudomonas sp. by the cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics, and analysis of the 16S rRNA.. The isolated bacterium is saprophytic but not parasitic nor pathogenic to cultivation mushroom. The isolated bacterium for P. tolaasii cell, was sufficient for detoxification in vitro. Inoculation of the isolated bacterium prevents the development of bacterial disease in Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammunia velutipes and Agaricus bisporus. Control efficacy of brown blotch of strain HC1 treatment was 69, 68 and 55% on Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively. The suppressive bacterium may be useful in future for the development of biocontrol system and the construction of genetically modified edible fungi resistant to the disease caused by P. tolaasii.

류마티스 관절염에 대한 한약의 면역학적 연구동향

최도영,이재동,백용현,이송실,유명철,한정수,양형인,박상도,유미현,박은경,박동석,Choi, Do-young,Lee, Jae-dong,Back, Yong-hyeon,Lee, Song-shil,Yoo, Myung-chul,Han, Chung-soo,Yang, Hyung-in,Park, Sang-do,Ryu, Mi-hyun,Park, Eun-kyung,Park, 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that pathogenesis is not fully understood and one of the most intractable musculoskeletal diseases. The concern in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been increased since 1980's and many immunotherapeutic agents including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were developed and became the mainstay of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the cure of the disease has hardly been achieved. In oriental medicine, rheumatoid arthritis is related to Bi-Zheng(痺證), that presents pain, swelling, andlor loss of joint function as major clinical manifestations, and also known to be deeply involved in suppression of immune function related to weakness of Jung-Ki(正氣). The herbal medicine, empirically used, could be a potential resource of development of new immunotherapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We developed a search strategy using terms to include "rheumatoid arthritis and herbal medicine" combined with "Chinese medicine" and/or "Oriental medicine". The search was focused on experimental studies of herbal medicine (January 1999 to May 2004), which is known to have effects on immune function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Computerized search used Internet databases including KISS and RISS4U (Korea), CNKI (China), MOMJ (Main Oriental Medicine Journal, Japan), and PubMed. The articles were selected from journals of universities or major research institutes. Results : The literature search for experimental studies on effects of herbal medicine on immunity of rheumatoid arthritis retrieved a total of 21 articles (Korea; 8, China ; 12, Japan ; 1). Of 21 articles, 10 were related to single-drug formula, 2 to drug interaction, and 9 to multi-drug formula. Single-drug formula was mainly used for aqua-acupuncture and researches on active components. Studies of drug interaction emphasized harmony of Ki-Hyul(氣血) and balance of Han-Yeul(寒熱). Multi-drug regimen was mainly found among formulas for Bo-Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and Bo-Sin(補腎). Conclusion : Studies on rheumatoid arthritis were performed both in vitro and in vivo in vitro study, LPS-stimulated splenocytes and synoviocytes were treated with herbal medicine, resulting in proliferation and activation of immune cells and suppression of cytokine activities in vivo study CIA animal model demonstrated that herbal medicine decreased antibody production and improved function of immune cells. In cellular and molecular study herbal medicine showed profound effects on the level of mRNA expression of certain cytokines related to immune function. This study revealed that herbal medicine has significant immune modulatory action and could be used for recovery of immune dysfunction of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

The Effect of Curative Resection on Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Pilot Study

Sung Sil Park,Min Jung Kim,Bun Kim,Sung Chan Park,Byung Chang Kim,Kyung Su Han,Chang Won Hong,Dae Kyung Sohn,Jae Hwan Oh 대한외과학회 2018 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2018 No.11

Effects of Codon Usage Changes on the Expression of Human Interleukin - 2 - Gene in E . coli

Han, Moon H.,Song, In Sung,Joo, Jae Hoon,Kang, Seong Man,Kwon, Jong Bum,Na, Dae Sun 한국유전학회 1989 Genes & Genomics Vol.11 No.4

Interleukin-2(IL-2) exerts many immunological responses. To study in in vivo as well as in vitro action of IL-2, we have produced recombinant IL-2 in E. coli previously. The IL-2 was produced in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies in E. coli. Production of IL-2 in E. coli as a soluble protein would increase the specific activity of purified IL-2. Since the codon usage of human IL-2 gene was very different from the preferred codons of E. coli, we attempted to change the IL-2 gene using the E. coli codons. A synthetic gene coding for IL-2 was constructed using the oligonucleotides synthesized by an automatic DNA synthesizer. The nucleotide sequence of the synthetic gene was chosen considering the preferred codons of E. coli by not changing the amino acid sequence of IL-2 polypeptide. The levels of IL-2 expression from the synthetic and the natural gene were compared using the expression vectors with similar constructs. Details will be discussed.

Noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping using cell-free fetal DNA incorporating fetal RASSF1A marker in RhD-negative pregnant women in Korea

Han, Sung-Hee,Yang, Young-Ho,Ryu, Jae-Song,Kim, Young-Jin,Lee, Kyoung-Ryul Korean Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics 2015 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Purpose: Conventional methods for the prenatal detection of fetal RhD status involve invasive procedures such as fetal blood sampling and amniocentesis. The identification of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma creates the possibility of determining fetal RhD status by analyzing maternal plasma DNA. However, some technical problems still exist, especially the lack of a positive control marker for the presence of fetal DNA. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility and accuracy of fetal RHD genotyping incorporating the RASSF1A epigenetic fetal DNA marker from cffDNA in the maternal plasma of RhD-negative pregnant women in Korea. Materials and Methods: We analyzed maternal plasma from 41 pregnant women identified as RhD-negative by serological testing. Multiplex real-time PCR was performed by amplifying RHD exons 5 and 7 and the SRY gene, with RASSF1A being used as a gender-independent fetal epigenetic marker. The results were compared with those obtained by postnatal serological analysis of cord blood and gender identification. Results: Among the 41 fetuses, 37 were RhD-positive and 4 were RhD-negative according to the serological analysis of cord blood. There was 100% concordance between fetal RHD genotyping and serological cord blood results. Detection of the RASSF1A gene verified the presence of cffDNA, and the fetal SRY status was correctly detected in all 41 cases. Conclusion: Noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping with cffDNA incorporating RASSF1A is a feasible, reliable, and accurate method of determining fetal RhD status. It is an alternative to amniocentesis for the management of RhD-negative women and reduces the need for unnecessary RhIG prophylaxis.

Phosphorylation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Polymerases Ser29 and Ser42 by Protein Kinase C-Related Kinase 2 Regulates Viral RNA Replication

Han, Song-Hee,Kim, Seong-Jun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Tae-Eun,Moon, Jae-Su,Kim, Geon-Woo,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Cho, Kun,Yoo, Jong Shin,Son, Woo Sung,Rhee, Jin-Kyu,Han, Seung Hyun,Oh, Jong-Won American Society for Microbiology 2014 Journal of virology Vol.88 No.19

<P>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is the key enzyme for HCV RNA replication. We previously showed that HCV RdRp is phosphorylated by protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2). In the present study, we used biochemical and reverse-genetics approaches to demonstrate that HCV NS5B phosphorylation is crucial for viral RNA replication in cell culture. Two-dimensional phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that PRK2 phosphorylates NS5B exclusively at its serine residues <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Using <I>in vitro</I> kinase assays and mass spectrometry, we identified two phosphorylation sites, Ser29 and Ser42, in the Δ1 finger loop region that interacts with the thumb subdomain of NS5B. Colony-forming assays using drug-selectable HCV subgenomic RNA replicons revealed that preventing phosphorylation by Ala substitution at either Ser29 or Ser42 impairs HCV RNA replication. Furthermore, reverse-genetics studies using HCV infectious clones encoding phosphorylation-defective NS5B confirmed the crucial role of these PRK2 phosphorylation sites in viral RNA replication. Molecular-modeling studies predicted that the phosphorylation of NS5B stabilizes the interactions between its Δ1 loop and thumb subdomain, which are required for the formation of the closed conformation of NS5B known to be important for <I>de novo</I> RNA synthesis. Collectively, our results provide evidence that HCV NS5B phosphorylation has a positive regulatory role in HCV RNA replication.</P><P><B>IMPORTANCE</B> While the role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) in viral RNA replication is clear, little is known about their functional regulation by phosphorylation. In this study, we addressed several important questions about the function and structure of phosphorylated hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B). Reverse-genetics studies with HCV replicons encoding phosphorylation-defective NS5B mutants and analysis of their RdRp activities revealed previously unidentified NS5B protein features related to HCV replication and NS5B phosphorylation. These attributes most likely reflect potential structural changes induced by phosphorylation in the Δ1 finger loop region of NS5B with two identified phosphate acceptor sites, Ser29 and Ser42, which may transiently affect the closed conformation of NS5B. Elucidating the effects of dynamic changes in NS5B phosphorylation status during viral replication and their impacts on RNA synthesis will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NS5B phosphorylation-mediated regulation of HCV replication.</P>

Evaluation of the Attenuation Rate for Clinical Application of a Flexible Skin Dosimeter in Radiotherapy

Han Moo-Jae,Yang Seung-Woo,Shin Yo-Han,Bae Sang-Il,Moon Young-Min,Jeon Wan,Yu To-Sol,Kang Jin-Kyu,Kim Jin-Young,Heo Seung-Uk,박성광,나정은,Chung Jin Beom 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.77 No.11

During radiotherapy, some patients owing to the variability in skin sensitivities, may experience adverse skin reactions for doses at which other patients are asymptomatic. Hence, when abnormal symptoms appear on a patient's skin, the etiology should be verified. Accordingly, a surface dosimeter on the skin can help ascertain whether accurate doses are irradiated. Furthermore, surface doses are measured in the field junction gaps during craniospinal irradiation or during large-area radiotherapy to avoid adverse reactions due to cumulative skin doses from multiple beams. However, the point dose measurement errors of surface dosimeters exceed approximately 10% and have low-positional accuracies because the attachment sites are approximated with the help of the naked eye. Moreover, accurate information on field junction gaps cannot be obtained. Therefore, in clinical practice, a flexible array dosimeter is required as it can measure the dose distribution on the body surface by adapting its shape to the body curvatures. In this study, we implemented a flexible array dosimeter and, based on its constituent materials, evaluated the attenuation rate associated with its use. A polyester (PET) film was used as the underlying substrate. HgI2 and PbI2 photoconductors were used for their good performances in films. Furthermore, the measurement accuracy was verified through comparisons with Monte Carlo simulation outcomes. The resulting PET film had an attenuation rate of 2.22% at a 50-μm thickness. At the minimum material thickness of 25 μm, the attenuation rates for HgI2 and PbI2 were 4.69% and 5.72%, respectively. Further research is needed to fabricate HgI2-based digital skin dosimeters with a thickness under 25 μm. Radiation detection and pixel resolution should be evaluated to accurately confirm the field junction gap.