A STUDY ON THE EXPLOSION SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBON REFRIGERANT REFRIGERATOR

Oh,Kyu-Hyung,Kim,Min-Kyu,Chu,Euy-Sung,Lim,Byung-Han,Kim,Man-Hoe,Park,Yoon-Ser 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

This paper discribes an experimental explosion risk assessment study on refrigerators containing flammable hydrocarbon refrigerant. A refrigerator used in this study is a larder fridge type, 215 liter in volume. The hydrocarbon refrigerant used in the refrigerator is iso-butane(C<TEX>$_4$</TEX>H<TEX>$_{10}$</TEX>). For the explosion safety assessment of the refrigerator, temperature of compressor, cooling air circulation fan motor, defrost heater and inner lamp were measured during the operation. And to confirm the ignitablity of flammable gas by the electric spark of the switches of the refrigerator, ON-OFF test of all switches were conducted with compulsorily near the stoichiometric concentration atmosphere of iso-butane-air mixture. As the result of experiment above mentioned and another experiment for the explosion safety assessment, we can conclude that explosion hazard in connection with the use of hydrocarbon refrigerant was few.w.

두개강내 해면상혈관종의 임상양상 및 수술적 치료의 효용

오창완,정영섭,김동규,백선하,조병규,왕규창,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.6

DOC의 K-7 Mode에 의한 배기가스 저감에 관한 연구

한영출,백두성,오용석,박만재,박귀열,류규현 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.3

With the significant growth of the number of vehicles, environmental problems is raised. NOx, SOx, and PM emissions in diesel powered vehicles are larger than that in gasoline, because the development of pollutants reduction techniques has no: been yet achieved. So it is need to develop after-treatment or to convert into alternative fuel to satisfy emission regula-tion. Among the after-treatment systems to reduce the diesel emissions, studies with diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC) are done greatly. In this study using DOC, reduction efficiency with the change of temperature and catalyst loading was calculated through measurements of CO, HC, PM, and SOx.

터보 차져와 인터쿨러를 장착한 디젤기관의 시뮬레이션 연구

한영출,백두성,류규현,오용석,박만재 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Studies on the turbocharger itself or various aspects generated from turbocharged engine have been made. However, only a few researches have been made on the performance for the natural aspirated engine equipped with the turbocharger and the intercooler. In this study, the performance prediction program based on turbocharger theory is developed for simu-lation which may reduce the cost and the trial-and-error time. The program is verified with the experimental results for 11,000cc diesel engine with the turbocharger and the intercooler. Also, various factors which are invisible in experiment are predicted using this program.

장군봉(봉화군) 일대의 식물상

한종원, 양선규, 최슬기, 장창석, 김규식, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

金屬薄膜導波管을 利用한 I/O Mode Filter

박한규,오한솔,김명수 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1981 논문집 Vol.13 No.2

代表的인 3종류의 金屬薄膜導波管의 TEo-Mode와 TMo-Mode의 특성을 Computer Simulation에 의하여 비교 고찰하였다. 非對稱型平板薄膜導波管으로된 금속박막도파관은 TEo-Mode Filtering이 不可能하였다. 對稱型平板薄膜導波管으로된 금속박막도파관에서는 Film층과 그 외의 층과 굴절율 차이가 0.02 이하가 되면 TEo-Mode Filtering이 가능하며 TMo-Mode 의 損失이 10dB/cm이하가 되어 Mode Filter로서 使用可能함이 밝혀졌다. The typical three kinds of the Metal-Clad waveguides have been chosen, and the characteristics of TEo-Mode and TMo-Mode in them are investigated and compared with each other by computer simulation. TEo-Mode filtering has been impossible in the Metal-Clad waveguide made of the symmetric thin film slab waveguide. In the Metal-Clad waveguide made of the symmetric thin film slab waveguide, if the refraction index difference between the film layer and the other layers is below 0.02, it has made TEo-Mode filtering possible and has had TMo-Mode loss below 10dB/㎝. Therefore it has been improved that it can be used practically as a Mode Filter.

문수산(봉화군) 일대의 식물상

한종원, 양선규, 최슬기, 장창석, 김규식, 오병운 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

標識放鳥에 依한 韓國産 철새 集團의 季節的 分布와 그의 生態(Ⅰ)

元炳旿,禹漢貞,咸奎晃,田美子,尹茂夫 慶熙大學校 1967 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

實驗材料로 토기, 마우스 및 가물치를 使用하여서 致死至近量의 物理的 環境要因 (溫度, 重力, 電擊, 電離放射線 및 非電離放射線), 化學的 環境要因(無機이온) 및 生物學的 環境要因(媒質의 渗透壓)等에 依한 處理가 血液蛋白質의 電氣泳動像을 비롯하여 赤血球, 白血球, 헤마토크리트比, 血色素量, 赤血球脆弱性, 肝臟器官의 組織像 그리고 肝臟 및 腎臟器官重量等에 미치는 效果를 硏究調査하였다. 前記 致死至近量의 環境要因의 處理로 一般的으로 蛋白質代謝, 血液像, 肝臟器官의 組織像 및 肝臟器官重量等에 顯著한 變化를 招來함을 알 수 있었다. 總血淸蛋白質量의 顯著한 變化 및 알부민―굴로부린比의 變化等은 血液內의 渗透效果의 變化를 招來함을 示唆하여 준다. 血淸電氣泳動像의 變化는 前記 環境要因에 依한 處理로 因하여 蛋白質代謝의 異常 卽 肝臟機能의 異常을 招來함을 알 수 있다. 以上의 結果로 미루어 보아 致死至近量이 內的 및 外的의 物理的, 化學的및 生物學的 環境要因에 依한 處理로 因하여 血液蛋白質, 血液像 및 肝臟器官 等의 異常은 生體에 큰 損傷을 가져오며 아울러 生體의 生理的平衡에 有意性的인 變化를 招來한다고 思料된다. Seasonal distribution and ecology of migrant bird populations were studied by mist-netting and banding primarily in the ares of Kyunggido, Korea during 1963-1966. 1. From 6 June to 25 June 1963, 99 birds of 3 species and 3 July 1964 to 31 December 1966, a total of 123, 242 birds of 124 species were banded in Korea. 196 (144 Returns) recoveries of 22 species have been reported in Korea (outside of banding sites) and 7 recoveries of 5 species from abroad. 2. At Taenung, N.E. Seoul, Korea, 11623 birds of the Pied Wagtail and 9,013 birds of the House Swallow were banded in pear orchards. a. Both Wagtail and Swallow are summer resident Wagtail arrives Korea in the beginning of March and Swallows in early April and these gregarious species gather at night into large flocks to roost while juveniles maintain their post-breeding roosts in pear orchard from June to October until the time of Autumn migration. b. Both Wagtaill and Swallow maintain their roosts in the same site but they exhibit different roosting behavior. c. The time at which the Wagtails and Swallows arrive and leave the roost in relation to sunset varies with length of day, weather, however, light intensity mat remain the same. d. The Wagtail gathers around the feeding ground more than 20 kilometers from the roosting site. e. Some Wagtails and Swallows banded the previous year returned and roosted in the orchard. The fact that they repeatedly roost in the same areas suggest that after breeding some birds remain in the Orchard and some of them migrate southward. 3. During July 1964-October 1966, 78, 170 birds of 12 Emberiza species were banded primarily in Kyunggi-do. Emberiza rutila, Emberiza spodocephala, Emberiza tristrami and Emberiza aureola ornata are the dominant fall and spring migrants. In fall they prefer soy-bean, corn and especially millet fields while in spring they are mostly seen on wheat and barley fields. Emberiza rustica is the most abundant species during late fall and winter and they prefer open fields with bushes. Emberiza rutila migrates through Korea in May and from the beginning of August until the and of October. The sex ratio is 100 females to 155 males (11674 ♀, 17761 ♂). More males were caught than females each month except in September when more females were caught. Emberiza spodocephala migrates through Korea from the middle of April through the middle of May and from the meddle of September through October. Emberiza tristrami migrates southward through Korea the first half of May and during October. The sex ratio is 100 female to 140 males(392 ♀, 551 ♂). Emberiza aureola oruata megrates through Korea during May nd from early August until the end of October. Emberiza rustica migrates southward but some of them winter in Korea. The wintering period is from the early October until the end of April. The sex ratio is 100 females to 191 mules (13,450 ♀, 25,687 ♂). Emberiza yessoensis continentals migrates to Korea around the middle of October. Some of them wander in Korea while some of them migrate southward. The wandering period is from the middle of October to the meddle of February. Emberiza cioidos is a permanent resident and breeds in great number in Korea. However, they migrate southward in large flocks during winter and northward during spring. The sex ratio is 100 females to 159 males (497 ♀, 792 ♂). Emberiza e. elegans is a resident and breeds in fairly small number in Korea. but they migrate southward in large flocks around the end of October and northward around April. The sex ratio is 100 females to 280 males(462 ♀, 962 ♂). Emberiza f. fucata is a summer resident, arrives to Korea the middle of April and most of them migrate southward in September. Emberiza chrysophtys migrates southward through Korea in May and from September to October. Emberiza pusilla is a not uncommon transient during spring and autumn and some of it wanders during winter in Korea. Emberiza leucocephala leucocephala Known as a straggler based on the sex specimens but a rare winter visitor. It migrates southward through Korea and some of it wanders around the end of January to the middle of March. 4. Noteworthy records of 21 species observed by the authors and some new species in Korea are given, each with notes on banding and collection records-See text for each species. Observations were made on the feeding habits of nestlings of ten species, Lanius tigrinus, Butorides striatus amurensis, Fhnberiza f. fucata, Motazilla alba leucopsis, Oriolus chinensis diffusns. Accipiter nisus nisosimilis, Mierascelis amaurotis henssent. Garrulus glandarins brandtii, Accipiter solecnsis and Cyanopica eyamts Koreensis. The investigation was made in Kwangnung experimental forest, Kyunggido and the nearby open field by using collar method. Accipiter nisus nisosimiles, Microscelis amaurotis hensoni, Garrulus glandarius brandtii and Cyanopiea cyanus Koreenses are permanent residents and the other six species are common summer residents. The following is the food that these nestlings consumed. 1. Lanius tigrinus The food they consumed was animal matter Composes of; insect larvae-41.5%, insect adults-49.4%, spiders-7.69%, frogs-1.53%. The cicada, Gampsocleis ussuricnsis made up 33.8% of the insect larvae. The cricket, Platyplenra kacmpferi made up 35.4% of the adult insects. Only one species of spiders, Clubiona jucunda was seen, 7.69% of the food. 2. Butorides striatus amurensis The food was animal matters composed of; small freshwater fishes-18.57%, Ranidae-45.71%, others-5.71%. Twenty percent of the small freshwater fishes was Zacco platypus while Hemibarbus logirostris made up 14.28%. Among Amphibians, Rana n. nigromaculata included 22.8%. 3. Emberiza f. fucata The food was amimal matter; insect larvae-63.3%, adult insects-25.64%, others-12.78%, Since 48.1% of the food items was larvae of Pieris rapae, it is most useful for agriculture. 4. Motacilla alba larcopsis The food during their nestling period was animal matter compsed of; insect larvae-30.5%, adult insects-55.4%, spiders-13.9%. The commonest insect larvae were Odonata indet.-22.2%. The commonest adult insects were Syrphidae indet.-16.6%. Of the spiders Lyecsa sp. made up 12.1% and Lycosa astrigera-2.8%. 5. Oriolus chinensis diffusus The food was animal matter composed of; insect larvae-62.36%, adult insects-20.17%, others017.42%. It should be noted that from the initial time of its feeding until leaving it consumed Dendrolimus spectabilis, a noxious forest insect which made up 45.08% of the diet. Thus it is very useful birds eliminating noxious forest insects. 6. Accipiter nisus nisosimilis The food was animal matter composed of; small passerine birds-87.5%, Ranidac-12.05%. It consumed such forest birds as Paridae. 7. Microscelis amauretis hensani The food was primarily insect adults-79.65%, Mollusca-12.15%, vegetable matter-4.05%, insect larvae-2.70%. Araneina-1.35%. Homoptera was 43.35% of adult insects. 8. Garrulus glaudarins brandtii The food during its nestling pcriod was solely animal matter; insect larvae-38.80%, adult insects-28.90%, Araneina-24.87%, adult Amphibia-15.49%. Right afrer hatehing and until leaving its nest, Dendrolimus spectabilis-35.08%, Arancina-24.87%, Clubiona jueunda-6.43% were fed. Therefor 73.48% of the total food was noxious forestry insects. 9. Accipiter soloensis The food during the whole feeding period was primarily Rana n. nigroma-culata 89.09%, but small quantity of Platypleura Kaempferi 8.26%, was also fed. 10. Cyanopica cyanus koreensis The food was composed of; insect larvae-6.11%, adult insects-60.55%, Hyla arborea japonica 12.22%, vegetable matter-1.11%. Gampsocleis ussuriensis-23.39%, Platypleura knempferi-15.55%, and Hyla arborea japoniea-12.22% were the prefered food supplied during the whole feeding period.

TiN 피막처리된 Co-Cr계 교정용 선재의 마찰저항력

이호규,권오원,김교한 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.1

TiN ion-plating된 Co-Cr 선재(.016", .016"x.022")와 ion-plating되지 않은 선재(.016", .016"x.022")를 이용하고, 3가지 종류의 브라켓(TiN ion-plating된 금속 브라켓, 세라믹 브라켓 및 플라스틱 브라켓)을 대상으로 마찰실험을 행하고, 거기에서 얻어진 마찰 특성곡선과 곡선으로부터 구한 최대 정지마찰력, 그리고 선재와 브라켓의 표면양상을 주사 전자 현미경으로 관찰하여 TiN ion-plating의 효과를 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. ·3가지 종류의 브라켓에 TiN ion-plating된 선재를 사용한 경우의 마찰력은 TiN ion-plating되지 않은 선재를 사용한 경우의 마찰력보다 각각 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 낮았다(P<0.05). ·3가지 종류의 브라켓에 원형선재를 사용한 경우의 마찰력은 각형 선재를 사용한 경우의 마찰력보다 각각 통계학적으로 유의성있게 낮았다(P<0.05). ·원형 선재를 사용한 경우 TiN ion-plating되지 않은 선재를 사용한 경우가 TiN ion-plating된 선재를 사용한 경우보다 선재 및 브라켓 슬롯의 표면이 더욱 거친 양상을 나타내었다. ·각형 선재를 사용한 경우 전반적으로 원형 선재를 사용한 경우보다 선재 및 브라켓 슬롯의 표면이 더욱 거친 양상을 나타내었다. ·TiN ion-plating된 원형 선재를 사용한 경우 정지마찰력과 운동마찰력의 차는 별로 없었으나 TiN ion-plating된 각형 선재를 사용한 경우 정지마찰력은 운동마찰력보다 높았다. ·TiN ion-plating되지 않은 선재를 사용한 경우가 TiN ion-plating된 선재를 사용한 경우에 비해 정지마찰력이 운동 마찰력보다 훨씬 높았다. The effectiveness of TiN ion-plating was examined with TiN ion-plated Co-Cr wires(.016", .016"x.022") on three different types of bracket(TiN ion-plated metal bracket, ceramic bracket and plastic bracket) Maximum static frictional forces and characteristic curves obtained from the frictional characteristic graph, were compared and surface roughness of wires and bracket slots before and after friction experiment was observed by SEM. The obtained results were as follows : ·The frictional forces of TiN ion-plated wires were significantly lower than those of non ion-plated wires(P<0.05) ·On the effect of wire shape, the frictional forces of round wires were significantly lower than those of rectangular wires(P<0.05). ·As the result of the SEM observation on the wires and bracket slots after the friction experiment, the surface of non ion-plated wires was rougher than that of TiN ion-plated one. ·The difference between the static frictional forces and the kinetic frictional forces was not significant in case of TiN ion-plated round wires, but the static fictional forces were a little higher than the kinetic frictional forces in the TiN ion-plated rectangular wires. ·The static frictional forces were much higher than the kinetic frictional forces in the case of non ion-plated wires.

노령에서 고관절 골절에 영향을 주는 수상전 요인

김종오,윤여헌,고영도,유재두,정준모,방한천,강규복 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

목 적 : 노령에서 고관절골절의 여러 원인적 요인들과 상관관계를 분석, 그 연관성에 대해 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2002년 5월까지 대퇴 고관절 골절로 본원에서 치료받은 환자중 60세 이상이고 골밀도 검사를 시행받은 158례를 대상으로, 수상전 요인을 나이, 성별, 흡연여부, 비만정도, 골절종류, 수상장소, 다른 이환 질환, 골절전 활동도, 골밀도 검사, 수상당시 바닥의 경도, 수상당시 넘어진 방향, 수상에너지에 따라 대퇴 경부골절과 전자간 골절, 전자간 골절중 안정골절과 불안정 골절로 나눠 비교하였다. 결 과 : 80세 이상의 군에서 대퇴 전자간 골절이 대퇴 경부 골절에 비해 의미있게 많이 발생했음을 알 수 잇었으며(p<0.001) 환자의 수상전 활동정도의 비교에서도 활동정도가 낮았던 군에서 대퇴 전자간 골절이 의미있게 많이 발생하였다(p<0.001). 골밀도 검사에 따른 비교에서는 T-score -3.0 이하인 군에서 대퇴 전자간 골절이 많았으며(p<0.005), 수상에너지에 따른 비교에서는 적은 에너지에 의한 골절이 전자간 골절에서 많았다(p<0.05). 대퇴 전자간 골절은 안정 골절과 비안정 골절로 나눈 비교에서는 사회 활동이 어려운 ADL C이하의 군과(p<0.05), 골밀도 T-score -3.0 이하인군에서는 의미있는 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 결 론 : 노령에서의 고관절 골절 중 80세 이상의 고령에서, 골밀도 T-score -3.0 이하인 경우, 일상생활 활동정도가 낮은 경우에, 비교적 적은 에너지에 의한 충격시에 대퇴 전자간 골절의 발생이 대퇴 경부 골절에 비해 의미있게 많았고 전자간 골절에서 불안정 골절은 사회활동이 적고 골밀도 T-score -3.0 이하인 경우 많음을 알수 있었다. Purpose : We studied the co-relation on the causes of the hip fracture through the analysis of a relevance on the etiological factors as increased incidence according increasing old age. Materials and Methods : Total 158 cases that treated on the hip fracture from 2001 Jan. to 2002 May were studied. The parameters were age, gender, smoking, obesity, type of fracture, place of fracture, other comorbidity, activity of daily living, bone marrow densitometry, hardness of floor, orientation, injury energy. And then, we analysis of difference between femur neck fracture and femur intretrochanter fracture and between stable femur intertrochanter fracture and unstable femur intertrochanter fracture. Results : The incidence of the femoral intertrochanteric fracture was larger significantly than that of the femoral neck fracture in the older then 80(p<0.001). On the comparison of the pre-fractural activity of daily living, the group revealed lower activity had larger incidence of femoral intertrochateric fracture(p<0.001). Also, the femoral intertrochanteric fracture was more larger osteoporosis patient group(p<0.005), and lower energy trauma(p<0.05). In a unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture, 21 cases(77.7%) of total 27 cases were belong to the group of the activity of daily living scale below C(p<0.05), 24 cases pf 27 cases were belong to the osteoporosis patient who was estimated below -3.0 on T-score(p<0.001). Conclusion : In the hip fracture of the elderly patients, the femoral intertrochanteric fracture is more prevalance ratherthe femoral neck fracture on the cases of older patient more than 80 year-old, lower activity of daily living scale, lower T-score less than -3.0 on BMD, lower energy trauma. Also, in femur intertrochanter fracture, unstable fracture is more common in low daily activity and owteoporosis.