1930년대 중반 임화와 홍기문의 사회주의 민족어 구상

임동현 ( Lim Dong Hyun ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2017 民族文化硏究 Vol.77 No.-

임화와 홍기문은 조선어학회의 언어규범화운동을 비판하면서 사회주의 민족어를 주장했다. 임화와 홍기문은 민족을 하나의 형식으로 이해했고, 그 안에 프롤레타리아적 문화요소를 채우는 것을 사회주의 민족문화라고 보았다. 민족어도 언어가 사회경제적 조건에 규정된다는 유물론적인 인식과 언어의 발전은 언어 간의 상호접촉으로 진행된다는 언어관을 기반으로 해야한다고 했다. 임화와 홍기문은 사회주의 언어관을 바탕으로 다수 인민이 사용하는 일상어를 표준어로 제시했다. 조선어학회의 표준어가 노동계급의 언어를 간과하고 부르주아 계급의 언어를 강제한다고 비판했다. 현재 조선의 부르주아 계급은 사회경제적 한계로 인해서 독자적인 문화수립의 역량이 없기 때문에 많은 문제가 있었다. 따라서 언어규범화운동을 사회주의자들이 대신 진행해야 했다. 임화와 홍기문이 말하는 다수 인민은 노동자·농민이었다. 이들은 언어 인구의 다수를 차지했고, 고유한 조선어를 많이 사용하고 있었기 때문에 표준어 기준이 되었다. 하지만 임화와 홍기문은 사회주의 민족어를 만드는 방법론에 있어서 입장이 달랐다. 언어 학자였던 홍기문은 민족어 규범의 통일화와 표준화에 필요한 근대적 시스템이 식민권력에 장악되어있기 때문에 언어규범화운동은 해방 이후의 사업이고, 식민지 상황에서는 조선어 정리만 해야 한다는 유보적인 입장이었다. 반면에 임화는 사회주의 문학가들을 통한 민족어 형성을 구상했다. 문학을 통해서 노동계급의 일상어를 표준화하고 문학작품을 통해서 전국적인 통일화를 이루려고 했다. Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun asserted the Socialism National Language during criticized the standardization of Korean language movement by the Korean Language Society. Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun understood the Korean nationalism in a single format, and asserted the Society National culture with proletarian cultural constituent. They also asserted that The native Korean base on the perception with materialism, what is provided with social-economic condition, and view of language in the development of the mutual linguistic contact. Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun suggested ordinary Korean, what was used by most of the proletarian on the Social linguistic, as standard native Korean. They criticized to standard Korean without ordinary Korean of the proletarian by the Korean Language Society. In addition, Korean bourgeois do not have any capability. for separate cultural establishment cause of lack of the social-economic condition. So they want to lead the standardization of Korean language movement by the socialist. Proletarian and farmer were set as 'the people' by Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun. These people positioned most of using indigenous and ordinary Korean. So it was the main reason for the standard Korean. However there are different stance to makes the socialism standard Korean between Lim-hwa and Hong Gi-mun. Hong Gi-mun, who was a linguist, asserted that the standardization of Korean language movement is a work after independent, because modern system, which for the harmonization and standardization, was dominated by the Japanese colonial government. Also he asserted linguistic arrangement of the Korean first at that time. Meanwhile Lim-hwa formulated native Korean by socialism literary people. He formulated proletarian ordinary lan-guage and nationwide by literary work.

Thrust Analysis and Experiments on Low-Speed Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor

Jae-Hoon,Jeong,Jang-Young,Choi,So-Young,Sung,Jong-Won,Park,Jaewon,Lim 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1

When the characteristics of a linear induction motor (LIM) are analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA), it is desirable to set the voltage source as an input. If the voltage source is set as an input in FEA, the leakage inductance and primary resistance of the equivalent circuit must be entered by direct calculation, and the magnetizing inductance and secondary reaction effects are directly considered in FEA. Exact calculation is necessary because the primary winding resistance and leakage inductance directly entered will have a significant effect on the LIM output. Therefore, in this study, we accurately calculated the primary leakage inductance and analyzed the resulting LIM characteristics. We calculated the leakage inductance using an analytical equation and FEA, and we confirmed the accuracy by comparing the results with the value experimentally calculated using a manufactured model. We also analyzed the instrument performance and thrust of the LIM as a function of the difference in the leakage inductance. Finally, we present the conclusions on the precise analysis based on the calculation of the leakage inductance.

컨테이너 검색기 이송대차 추진용 선형 유도전동기의 2차측 리액션플레이트 재질에 따른 특성 연구

정재훈(Jae-Hoon Jeong), 최장영(Jang-Young Choi), 성소영(So-Young Sung), 박종원(Jong-Won Park), 임재원(Jaewon Lim) 대한전기학회 2016 전기학회논문지 Vol.65 No.1

This paper presents the analysis of the analysis of thrust characteristics of linear induction motors(LIMs) according to secondary reaction plate. LIMs are well known as high speed transport systems, which can obtain thrust directly without gears and links, or auxiliary mechanisms. A simple structure, easy maintenance, and less environmental pollution are advantages of LIMs. In transport systems using LIMs, the secondary reaction plate is an important design factor, because it has considerable impact on the cost of the railway as well as the performance of the LIMs. This paper deals analyzed the characteristics of linear induction motor used for moving the vehicle of container scanner. Thrust, efficiency and load characteristic were interpreted with FEM regarding two models whose material of secondary reaction plate was copper and aluminum. It suggested the interpretation of thrust, efficiency and power factor characteristic along slip and compared the operation ability of linear induction motor through characteristics analysis along the load.

LCSI(Lim`s Character Style Inventory) 성격검사 개발

임승환(Seung Hwan Lim), 한종철(Jong Chul Han) 한국심리학회 2003 한국심리학회지 상담 및 심리치료 Vol.15 No.1

한국적으로 타당한 LCSI(Lim`s Character Style Inventory) 성격검사를 개발하기 위하여 심리척도 제작 원리에 따라 일련의 연구를 수행하였다. 104문항의 예비검사를 제작하여 성인남녀 6,121명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 문항들의 평정자료를 토대로 문항분석과 4번의 탐색적 요인분석을 거쳐 최종 79문항을 선발하였다. 제작된 79문항 5요인 모형은 확인적 요인분석 결과 타당한 모형임이 입증되었다. 이밖에도 대인관계 중심의 4-유형과 5요인간의 관계를 사후검증하였다. 도전성은 외향적 사고형을, 사교성은 외향적 감정형을, 수용성은 내향적 감정형을, 신중성은 내향적 사고형을 대표하는 특성이었다. 그리고 대인민감성은 특정유형과 무관하였다. 최종적으로 개발된 LCSI 성격검사 하위척도별로 문항 수와 내적 일치도는 도전성; 19문항(Cronbach-a; .829), 사교성; 22문항(Cronbach-a; .919), 수용성; 14문항(Cronbach-a; .836), 신중성; 19문항(Cronbach-a; .907), 대인민감성; 10문항(Cronbach-a; .710)이었다. 이 중 수용성의 5문항은 도전성과 역방향으로 요인부하가 이루어져 두 척도에 배치함으로써 실제 문항 수는 84문항이다. Several studies were carried out according to the principles of psychological scale manufacture to develop LCSI(Lim`s Character Style Inventory) which is valid to Korean. First, the pilot inventory scale of 104 items was administered to 6,121 male and female adults. Based on the rated data of these items, item analyses and four times exploratory factor analyses were done to select the final 79 items. With a confirming factor analysis, the Five-Factor Model of 79 items was verified to be a valid model. Also, the relationship between personality types and the Five-factor were analyzed ex-post-facto. Each factor represented their corresponding each factor in Four-type: `Challenging` represented Extraverted Thinking, `Sociability` Extroverted Feeling, `Acceptability` Introvert Feeling, and `Prudence` Introverted Thinking, but `Interpersonal Sensitivity` had nothing to do with any particular type. With regard to the number of items and the degree of internal congruency of each subscale, the developed final LCSI(Lim`s Character Style Inventory) appeared as follow: Challenging; 19 items(Cronbach-a; .829),, Sociability; 22 items(Cronbach-a; .919), Acceptability; 14 items(Cronbach-a; .836), Prudence; 19 items(Cronbach-a; .907), and Interpersonal Sensitivity; 10 items(Cronbach-a; .710). Among the items for Acceptability, 5 were reverse load factors in both Acceptability and Challenging, so they were arranged in those two subscales, with the actual number of overall items being 84.

몰리에르의 『인간 혐오자 Le Misanthrope 』의 극적 구조

임채광(Chae-Kwang LIM) 프랑스학회 2018 프랑스학연구 Vol.0 No.84

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 7시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Ce qui retient notre attention par rapport au Misanthrope, la plus grande comédie de Molière, c est qu'il y a mêlé les portraits de mœurs de l'époque et de caractère, composés de structure fragmentée mais de traits variés et vifs, et l'intrigue d'amour des deux personnages principaux, motrice de la continuité dramatique, mais de fil ténue et souvent interrompue. On se demande alors comment il a envisagé de combiner ses deux composantes de construction narrative en essayant d'y intégrer leurs mérites, et d'éviter d'y laisser entrer leurs déficiences. Il est intéressant de noter que Molière opte, en tant que couple d'amour, pour les deux héros montrant des idées contraires sur la norme dominante du beau monde en but de surmonter les limites de construction juxtaposée, en mettant l'héroïne Célimène du côté des courtisans, qui attachent de la valeur à la sociabilité et aux intérêts, et, de ce fait. ont le faible pour la vanité et l'hypocrisie, et aussi en choisissant Alceste comme l'opposant des courtisans et l'amant de Célimène. De cette manière, le dramaturge, au cours de l'exposition, fonde la base de cohérence dramatique au niveau psychologique sur l'élévation de la tension dramatique et la mise en œuvre de l'évolution sentimentale entre eux. Le nœud de la pièce comique – les actes II, III, IV – s'attache à montrer l'agrandissement du conflit dans le couple d'amour, lié à la divergence de vues sur l‘honnêteté, noyau de la norme du monde et de son application pratique. En effet, Alceste est traité de trouble-fête par les fréquentés du salon et, d'ailleurs, d'incrédule tenace de fidélité par Célimène. Par contre, Célimène monte sur le trône de la reine du beau monde, après avoir remporté la victoire contre Arsinoé dans la dispute autour du sujet de la conduite féminine. Au contraste radical dans la réputation social entre les deux personnages principaux succède la perte des deux procès consécutifs, d'abord celui avec Oronte, causé par l'avis franc d'Alceste sur le sonnet d'Oronte, ensuite celui avec un adversaire politique qui se voit renforcé par sa cabale y compris Oronte et circule un livre abominable contre Alceste. Il est amené à la catastrophe sociale et financière et sentimentale, car il s'expose à l'isolement politique, au paiement de l'amende énorme et à la nécessité d'ajournement de la négociation sentimentale définitive avec Célimène. La présence menaçante du monde hors-théâtral révèle le fait que le destin comique d'Aceste dépend non seulement de son caractère lui-même, mais aussi du décor social qui l'entoure. Le monde hors-théâtral intervient sous la forme fortuite mais répétée comme on voit dans les portraits en juxtaposition de mœurs et de caractère, ceci également en but de concrétiser l'envers des mœurs du temps et le comique de la constance dans l'inconstance' dans l'évolution psychologique du personnage central au cours de la progression empêchée dans l'intrigue amoureuse de la pièce comique. Curieusement, c'est l'apparition d'Arsinoé, elle aussi personnage pénétré de la part du monde hors-théâtral qui fixe l'intrigue amoureuse, seul garant de la linérarité logique de l'action comique parce qu'elle joure

Jakobson's Translation Typology Revisited

Dhonghui Lim(임동휘) 한국번역학회 2014 번역학연구 Vol.15 No.3

This research aims to scrutinize the intrinsic nature of translation per se and the role of situated cognition in transdisciplinarily examining Jakobson's translation typology (1959/2004). With the fundamentally and intrinsically translativity-centered and cognition-sensitive—thus, global-biosemiosis-based—perspective(s) employed in order to develop and rethink the paradigm of translation per se (Lim 2014b), this paper proposes to revisit the Jakobsonian tripartite taxonomy in a centripetally (trans-) semiotic way, especially and significantly, by considering the translative nature of the sign (Petrilli 2003) and the experiential situatedness of the translatorial paradigm (Lim 2013a). In employing the (intra-/ inter-/ trans-) corporeally interpretive (thus, situated embodiment-/ enactment-sensitive) cognitivist approach (Lim 2013a, 2014b) and analyzing the sociohistorical and linguisticocultural aspects of Jakobson's personal experiences accordingly, it argues that the specific notions of (meta) translation and translatoriality should be viewed as diverse kinds of corporeal translation products (that is, target texts) of the theorist's situated cognition that is based on and/ or sensitive to the then explicit activities, processes (or procedures), and phenomena of translation. In the actual translative cognitivist analysis of Jakobson's pre-1959 life experiences, a reliable and substantial list of information comes to support—if not prove—the research's main hypothesis that the Jakobsonian typology is not the meta translation theory made via a purely scientific investigation but, rather, Jakobson's translatoriality-sensitive conceptual translation on the notion of translation (proper) heavily and multidimensionally influenced by his own bodily experiences situated in certain specific historicities. Finally, it concludes that, with Petrilli's (2003) paradigm of the sign as the translative process (and vice versa) taken into consideration, (a) situated cognition—as the unique transcorporeal and transsemiotic dynamics of the respective (bio-) translator himself/ herself—helps fathom what translation is and does across various borders; (b) the transdiciplinary follow-up research on translativity and translatoriality on a larger scale of the biosemiosphere is needed and, also, will be helpful (cf. Lim 2013a); (c) the Jakobsonian translation typology now needs and calls for a new(er) understanding.

임노월 문학의 악마성과 탈근대성

임정연 ( Lim Jung-yeon ) 국제어문학회 ( 구 국제어문학연구회 ) 2010 국제어문 Vol.50 No.-

유미주의 작가 임노월은 한국문학에서 생소했던 악 또는 악마성을 서사화한 독특한 작품세계를 연출하고 있다. 임노월 소설은 히스테리, 광기, 신경쇠약, 강박증 등의 정신 병리학적 특징들을 고스란히 드러내고 있는 병리적 주체들을 중심으로 서사가 추동된다. 그의 소설에서 병리성은 `경이(警異)`와 `비애`라는 심미적 감정을 경험하게 하는 예술의 모티프이자 창조의 원천으로 `상상력`이란 이름으로 옹호되고 있으며, 제도와 상식, 진리와 도덕을 넘어 현실을 전복시키는 악마성의 원리로 구현된다. 특히 <악마의 사랑> <악몽> <처염> 등의 후기 소설에서 병리적 주체의 상상력은 살인, 죽음과 같은 반사회적 행위로 현실화되면서 인물의 선악 개념을 전도시켜 새로운 가치체계를 창조하는 데까지 이르고 있다. 이렇게 하여 악마성은 상상력이란 잣대에 의해 인간 내부에 존재하는 본능이며 긍정적인 힘으로 재규정된다. 임노월 소설에서 악은 매혹적인 팜므파탈(femme fatale)형 여성 인물들을 통해 심미적으로 경험되기도 한다. 신비하고 비밀스러운 이 여성들은 실제로 어떤 행위를 한다기보다 이미지로 기능함으로써 현실과 환상의 경계를 무너뜨리고 남성의 `꿈`이나 `환영`속에 영원히 박제됨으로써 무한한 생명력을 부여받는다. 미지(未知)의 대상으로서 이들 여성은 남성들의 호기심과 상상력을 자극시켜 불안과 공포라는 심미적 파토스를, 나아가 죽음이라는 `궁극의 황홀미`를 구체적으로 체험하게 해준다. 이들에 대한 매혹은 남성들의 소유와 정복에의 욕망이 충족되지 않음으로 해서 지속되는 바, 남성들이 입는 `치명상(致命傷)`은 미지의 영역을 침해한 데 대한 필연적인 대가인 것이다. 따라서 팜므파탈형 여성 인물들은 미지(未知)에 대한 임노월의 매혹과 공포가 구현되어 있는 서사적 결정체라 할 수 있다. 임노월의 소설이 병리적 주체와 팜므파탈 여성의 조합을 통해 근대적 이성과 합리성으로 인식되지 않는 `틈` 혹은 `구멍`에 대한 공포를 매혹으로 전환시킴으로써 미지라는 새로운 영역을 창조한 것은 근대의 환부를 건드리는 동시에 현실을 초월하고자 하는 궁극적인 의지를 담은 것이라 볼 수 있다. 따라서 그의 악마성은 도덕의 유무와 관련된 윤리적 차원에서 기인하는 것이라기보다 근대라는 역사적 조건을 기원으로 하여 발생한 것이면서, 계몽 지식과 근대적 욕망에 반발한 탈근대적 지향성을 내포하고 있다. 이런 의미에서 임노월의 문학은 근대적인 동시에 탈근대적이며, 우리 근대문학의 특수성에서 비롯되는 동시에 유래가 없이 돌출적인 것이라 할 만하다. This study aims to examine how Lim No-wol, the writer of aestheticism described the concept of `evil`. Heroes in his novels are pathological characters who show their pathological features such as hysteria, madness, nervous breakdown, etc. wholly. However, such pathology is embodied as the principle of devilishness that overthrow the reality beyond the common sense and morality under the protection of the name of `imagination.` In this time, the devilishness is an instinct inside the human, the true feeling and the power to overthrow the world. Moreover, the evil in his novels is sometimes experienced through femme fatale type heroines aesthetically. Mysterious and secret women paralyze the reason and moral sense of men to give them mortal wounds as the existence to destroy the boundary between reality and illusion. Such women characters are the descriptive crystallization in which fascination and fear of Lim No-wol on the unknown are realized. Accordingly, the devilishness in his novel includes the ultimate will to rise above the world while touching affected parts of the modern time according to exposure of refracted desires of people who are caught in the order of reality. In such sense, the devilishness of Lim No-wol includes post-modern direction against modern reason and rationality.

비평 행위와 현실 인식의 상관성에 관한 연구 - 임화의 문학 비평을 중심으로 -

임경순(Lim Kyung-Soon) 한국언어문학회 2003 한국언어문학 Vol.51 No.-

'스콜라' 이용 시 소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우, 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 7시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This paper explores the relativity of critical activity to reality recognition centering around Lim Hwa(임화)' Literature Criticism. Lim Hwa thought realism of creative work method founded world view in literature and art. And Lim Hwa groped for reconstruction to subject through Friedrich Engels's realism and socialism realism. Lim Hwa tried to find a way out of literary depression(轉形期) in life literature. It was that writer could see reality as discovering 'spirit of the test' in the real world. Lim Hwa tried theoretical solution and strived adhesion to his ideology. but He didn't present a new theoretical solution in oppression and wrote a brief essay, literature history etc. A literary criticism have a diversity in according co his world view. And IF A literary criticism overcome a problem of oppression of creative work writing, it is significant activity in work critic, direction of creative work writing, and search of literary theory.

조선중기 한시(漢詩)에서의 전형(典型) 의상(意象)의 계승과 미감(美感)의 확충(Ⅱ) -변새풍(邊塞風)ㆍ유협풍(游俠風) 의상(意象)을 중심으로-

임준철 ( Lim Jun-chul ) 한국어문교육연구회 2005 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.33 No.3

본 논문(Ⅱ)은 앞의 논문의 성과를 기반으로 朝鮮中期 漢詩에서 邊塞風ㆍ游俠風 典型 意象 繼承의 특징적인 성취를 林悌(1549~1587)와 鄭斗卿(1597~1673)의 시를 중심으로 검토한 것이다.林悌가 繼承한 邊塞風 意象들은 상이한 제재와 공간에 놓임으로써 새로운 색깔과 울림을 획득하고, 이를 통해 시인의 내밀한 의식세계를 우회적으로 표현해 내고 있다. 林悌는 이런 意象들을 효과적으로 활용하여 시에서 豪俠한 美感을 擴充하고 있다. 鄭斗卿이 繼承한 游俠風 意象들은 刺客 형상을 중심으로 구조화되어 시인이 처한 시대적 상황에서 새로운 의미를 획득하고 있다. 그는 游俠의 정신과 행동양식의 찬양을 통해 文弱한 當時의 社會風潮를 비판하고 있다. 鄭斗卿의 시에서 游俠의 反社會的 행위와 관련된 意象들은 殘酷한 美感을 구현하고 있다. This essay(Ⅱ), on the base of prior essay, examines the middle Chosun poem's unique achievement in inheritance of typical images of Byeonsae-style and Yuhyup-style, focusing on works of Lim Je and Jung Doo-kyung. The Byeonsae-style images Lim Je inherited, placed in different surroundings with different materials, acquire new colors and sounds. These are kind of example of transformation and appropriation of cliches from Byeonsae poems of Tang Dynasty. Using these images, Lim Je expresses vigorous sense of beauty. The Yuhyup style images Jung Doo-kyung inherited, structuralized stressing on the images of assassinators which he passionately wrote, acquires new meaning in the light of historical context and inclination of his imagination. And his passion for Yuhyup goes further into his mentality and lifestyle, resulting in sensational and cruel expression which were tabooed in poem writing. Using the image of assassinator, he claims to revenge against Qing Dynasty and criticizes Chosun's weakness. Using these images, Jung Doo-kyung expresses brutal sense of beauty, which is relatively unique.

Thrust Analysis and Experiments on Low-Speed Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor

Jeong,,Jae-Hoon,Choi,,Jang-Young,Sung,,So-Young,Park,,Jong-Won,Lim,,Jaewon The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1

When the characteristics of a linear induction motor (LIM) are analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA), it is desirable to set the voltage source as an input. If the voltage source is set as an input in FEA, the leakage inductance and primary resistance of the equivalent circuit must be entered by direct calculation, and the magnetizing inductance and secondary reaction effects are directly considered in FEA. Exact calculation is necessary because the primary winding resistance and leakage inductance directly entered will have a significant effect on the LIM output. Therefore, in this study, we accurately calculated the primary leakage inductance and analyzed the resulting LIM characteristics. We calculated the leakage inductance using an analytical equation and FEA, and we confirmed the accuracy by comparing the results with the value experimentally calculated using a manufactured model. We also analyzed the instrument performance and thrust of the LIM as a function of the difference in the leakage inductance. Finally, we present the conclusions on the precise analysis based on the calculation of the leakage inductance.