Fermentation characteristics and microbial community composition of wet brewer's grains and corn stover mixed silage prepared with cellulase and lactic acid bacteria supplementation

Guoqiang Zhao,Hao Wu,Yangyuan Li,Li Li,Jiajun He,Xinjian Yang,Xiangxue Xie Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate how cellulase or/and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) affected the fermentation characteristic and microbial community in wet brewer's grains (WBG) and corn stover (CS) mixed silage. Methods: The WBG was mixed thoroughly with the CS at 7:3 (w/w). Four treatment groups were studied: i) CON, no additives; ii) CEL, added cellulase (120 U/g fresh matter [FM]), iii) LAB, added LAB (2×10⁶ cfu/g FM), and iv) CLA, added cellulase (120 U/g FM) and LAB (2×10⁶ cfu/g FM). Results: All additive-treated groups showed higher fermentation quality over the 30 d ensiling period. As these groups exhibited higher (p<0.05) LAB counts and lactic acid (LA) content, along with lower pH value and ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N) content than the control. Specifically, cellulase-treated groups (CEL and CLA) showed lower (p<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents than other groups. All additives increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes, Lactiplantibacillus, and Limosilactobacillus) while they decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and microbial diversity as well. Conclusion: The combined application of cellulase and LAB could effectively improve the fermentation quality and microbial community of the WBG and CS mixed silage.

4. Effect of Harvest Date on Agronomic Characteristics, Forage Quality and Yield of Rye

Guoqiang Zhao,Chang Liu,Hakjin Kim,Jong Geun Kim 한국초지조사료학회 2018 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.09

In this experiment comparison was made for the agronomic characteristics and quality of forage rye among the different growing stages. Rye was harvested every 5 days, then separated into three parts and determined the quality. Before harvesting, plant height and yield were recorded. Dry matter yield increased continuously, while fresh matter yield decreased after heading. ADF and NDF value increased before blooming and then showed a slight fluctuate. In addition, highest CP content appeared on jointing stage. TDN and RFV went down until blooming stage and then showed a steady trend. So the proper harvest time is from heading to blooming stage for forage rye.

Effects of applying cellulase and starch on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage

( Guoqiang Zhao ),( Hao Wu ),( Li Li ),( Jiajun He ),( Zhichao Hu ),( Xinjian Yang ),( Xiangxue Xie ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6

This study investigated the effects of applying cellulase and starch on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of Napier grass silage after ensiling for 30 d. Three groups were studied: No additives (control); added cellulase (Group 1); and added cellulase and starch (Group 2). The results showed that the addition of cellulase and starch decreased the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and pH significantly (p < 0.05) and increased water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p < 0.05). The addition of additives in two treated groups exerted a positive effect on the lactic acid (LA) content, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, and lactic acid / acetic acid (LA/AA) ratio, even the changes were not significant (p > 0.05). Calculation of Flieg’s scores indicated that cellulase application increased silage quality to some extent, while the application of cellulase and starch together significantly improved fermentation (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, both additive groups showed increased microbial diversity after ensiling with an abundance of favorable bacteria including Firmicutes and Weissella, and the bacteria including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acinetobacter increased as well. For alpha diversity analysis, the combined application of cellulase and starch in Group 2 gave significant increases in all indices (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the application of cellulase and starch can increase the quality of Napier grass preserved as silage.

Perovskite-type LaFe1− xMnxO3 (x=0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) oxygen carriers for chemical-looping steam methane reforming: Oxidation activity and resistance to carbon formation

Kun Zhao,Fang He,Zhen Huang,Guoqiang Wei,Anqing Zheng,Haibin Li,Zengli Zhao 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.6

The effects of Mn substitution of LaMnxFe1−xO3 (x=0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0) on the oxidation activity and resistance to carbon formation for chemical-looping steam methane reforming (CL-SMR) were investigated. The desired crystalline perovskite phases were formed by transferring from the orthorhombic structure of LaFeO3 to rhombohedral lattice of LaMnO3 as the degree of Mn-doping increased. Manganese ions have a mixed state of Mn3+ and Mn4+ in the LaFe1−xMnxO3, meanwhile inducing the states of highly mixed character of Fe2+, Fe3+ and Fe4+ in iron ions. Substitution of Mn for Fe with proper value not only increases the lattice oxygen, which is conducive to the partial oxidation of CH4 to produce syngas, but also enhances the lattice oxygen mobility from the bulk to the surface of the oxygen carrier particles. Judging from the points of the redox reactivity, resistance to carbon formation and hydrogen generation capacity, the optimal range of the degree of Mn substitution is x=0.3-0.5.

Drought stress-induced changes of microRNAs in diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa

Guoqiang Fan,Xibing Cao,Lin Cao,Minjie Deng,Zhenli Zhao,Suyan Niu,Zhe Wang,Yuanlong Wang 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.1

Drought stress adversely affects plant productivity. Growth and timber production of Paulownia trees are limited under drought stress. Changes in gene expression patterns and miRNA in different ploidy of Paulownia tomentosa have been investigated. However, the responses of P. tomentosa to drought stress at the microRNA (miRNA) level have not been reported so far. To identify miRNA candidates and their target genes involved in the drought stress response in diploid and tetraploid P. tomentosa, four small RNA and four degradome libraries from diploid and autotetraploid P. tomentosa under normal and drought stress conditions were constructed and sequenced. A total of 41 conserved and 90 novel miRNAs were identified. Among these miRNAs, 67 (26 conserved and 41 novel) and 53 (six conserved and 47 novel) were significantly differentially expressed in response to drought stress in diploid and autotetraploid P. tomentosa, respectively. Degradome analysis identified 356 candidate miRNA target genes that encoded proteins with functions that included plant defense, transcriptional regulation, and hormone metabolism. In particular, miR4 and miR156 were identified only in autotetraploid P. tomentosa under drought stress. These results will help us build a foundation for future studies of the biological functions of miRNAmediated gene regulation in P. tomentosa.

Phenylpropanoid metabolism, hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction-related genes play crucial roles in the resistance of Paulownia fortunei to paulownia witches’ broom phytoplasma infection

Guoqiang Fan,Enkai Xu,Minjie Deng,Zhenli Zhao,Suyan Niu 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.11

Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) caused by an obligate biotrophic plant pathogen called phytoplasma, is a devastating disease of paulownia trees over a large part of the world. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie phytoplasma pathogenicity in paulownia or about the mode of interactions with host plants. In this study, genome-wide gene expression profiling was used to compare healthy, phytoplasma-infected, and both phytoplasma-infected and 20 mg L-1 methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) treated Paulownia fortunei plants using high-throughput mRNA sequencing analysis. A total of 6571 and 1377 differentially expressed unigenes were identified in the phytoplasma-infected plants versus healthy plants and in 20 mg L-1 MMS-treated plants versus phytoplasma-infected plants, respectively. Expression changes of 16 candidate differentially expressed unigenes were validated by qRT-PCR, indicating significant differences among the three P. fortunei samples. Our analysis showed that dramatic changes occurred in the gene expression profile of P. fortunei after PaWB phytoplasma infection and MMS treatment. The transcription of a large number of genes related to the plant–pathogen interaction, including phenylpropanoid metabolism, hormone biosynthesis and signaling, defense and/or pathogenesis, and signal transduction, were significantly up-regulated in the phytoplasma-infected paulownia and then returned to the levels in the healthy controls after MMS treatment. Our systematic analysis provides comprehensive transcriptomic data about P. fortunei trees infected by PaWB phytoplasma. The findings will help unraveling the molecular mechanisms of plant-phytoplasma interactions and may pave the way for engineering P. fortunei trees with improved properties.

Fuzzy adaptive PID control method for multi-mecanum-wheeled mobile robot

Guoqiang Cao,Xinyu Zhao,Changlong Ye,Suyang Yu,Bangyu Li,Chunying Jiang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.4

Mecanum-wheeled mobile robots are widely used because they can easily realize omnidirectional movement and have flexible movement characteristics. However, existing mecanum-wheeled robots generally have problems of low movement accuracy and poor stability. Structural optimization method can improve the movement accuracy and stability of mecanum-wheeled robots, but it cannot solve the problem fundamentally. In this study, the method of geometric modeling is applied to deduce the parameters kinematic error e, slip factor μ, and overturning angle λ, all of which have an effect on the movement accuracy and stability of the robot. Combined with the advantages of PID and fuzzy control, a fuzzy adaptive PID control method is proposed. The experimental prototype of the eight-mecanum-wheeled omnidirectional mobile robot is built to carry out the trajectory tracking control experiment, and the superiority in the fuzzy adaptive PID control method is verified.

A Method to Determine the Circumferential Sliding of the Intershaft Gas Film Seal Considering Centrifugal and Thermal Expansion Effects

Guoqiang Hou,Hua Su,Shuaike Zhao,Ke Li 한국유체기계학회 2023 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.16 No.3

Three dimensional reconstruction and measurement of underwater spent fuel assemblies

Zhao Jianping,He Shengbo,Yang Li,Feng Chang,Wu Guoqiang,Cai Gen 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.10

It is an important work to measure the dimensions of underwater spent fuel assemblies in the nuclear power industry during the overhaul, to judging whether the spent fuel assemblies can continue to be used. In this paper, a three dimensional reconstruction method for underwater spent fuel assemblies of nuclear reactor based on linear structured light is proposed, and the topography and size measurement was carried out based on the reconstructed 3D model. Multiple linear structured light sensors are used to obtain contour size data, and the shape data of the whole spent fuel assembly can be collected by onedimensional scanning motion. In this paper, we also presented a corrected model to correct the measurement error introduced by lead-glass and water is corrected. Then, we set up an underwater measurement system for spent fuel assembly based on this method. Finally, an underwater measurement experiment is carried out to verify the 3D reconstruction ability and measurement ability of the system, and the measurement error is less than ±0.05 mm.

Integrated anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation in an internal airlift loop reactor for phenol wastewater treatment

Zhouyang Zhao,Shengyang Jiang,Fuxin Ding,Guoqiang Jiang 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.6

Anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation were integrated in an internal airlift loop reactor (IALR) by adding porous microbial carriers. In this bioreactor, aerobic activated sludge was suspended in the liquid bulk, while the anaerobic microbes were attached within the core of carriers. The integrated IALR was applied to the treatment of synthetic phenol wastewater. After 50 days’ acclimation according to co-substance strategy, the influent COD decreased from 3,700 mg/L to 400 mg/L (phenol removal rate was over 99%) with the residence time of 24 h. High performance could be achieved under the operation condition of superficial gas flow rate higher than 0.07 cm/s, temperature beyond 15℃ and the microbial carrier volume fraction larger than 5%. Integration of anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation in IALR enhanced the synergetic effects between aerobic and anaerobic degradation; therefore, it has great potential in the treatment of phenol wastewater and other wastewater containing hard biodegradable organics.