Preparation and antimicrobial assay of ceramic brackets coated with TiO₂ thin films

Shuai Cao,Ye Wang,Lin Cao,Yu Wang,Bingpeng Lin,Wei Lan,Baocheng Cao 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.3

Objective: Different methods have been utilized to prevent enamel demineralization and other complications during orthodontic treatment. However, none of these methods can offer long-lasting and effective prevention of orthodontic complications or interventions after complications occur. Considering the photocatalytic effect of TiO₂ on organic compounds, we hoped to synthesize a novel bracket with a TiO₂ thin film to develop a photocatalytic antimicrobial effect. Methods: The sol-gel dip coating method was used to prepare TiO₂ thin films on ceramic bracket surfaces. Twenty groups of samples were composed according to the experimental parameters. Crystalline structure and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively; film thickness was examined with a surface ellipsometer. The photocatalytic properties under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation were analyzed by evaluating the degradation ratio of methylene blue (MB) at a certain time. Antibacterial activities of selected thin films were also tested against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans . Results: Films with 5 coating layers annealed at 700°C showed the greatest photocatalytic activity in terms of MB decomposition under UV light irradiation. TiO₂ thin films with 5 coating layers annealed at 700°C exhibited the greatest antimicrobial activity under UV-A light irradiation. Conclusions: These results provide promising guidance in prevention of demineralization by increasing antimicrobial activities of film coated brackets.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE : A Study on Tourist shopping needs and its spatial characteristics

( Lin Sen Cao ),( Rui Zhang ),( Yong Ji Piao ),( Tae Dong Cho ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Tourists travel demand can be divided into the watch the natural landscape, such as shopping, entertainment and other projects. Each travel demand with motivation for meet the requirements of appropriate tourism space environment in order to complete. In this paper, through questionnaire investigation and SD (Semantic Differential) method for the basic attributes of shopping tourists and spatial characteristics of commercial pedestrian street. And analyzes the basic attributes of shopping as the main demand of tourists characteristics and the spatial characteristics of the suitable shopping demand, to provide a scientific basis for the design of tourist shopping space.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE : A Study on Tourist Psychological Capacity of Scenic and Historic Area and Its Influencing Factors ― A Case Study of Mount Tai Scenic Spot

( Lin Sen Cao ),( Yong Ji Piao ),( Rui Zhang ),( Tae Dong Cho ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.5

Tourist Psychological Capacity (TPC) is an important issue of the Tourism Capacity research. We gained the tourist satisfaction through the questionnaire investigation in Mount Tai Scenic Area and obtained the tourist satisfaction function using SPSS17.0 regression analysis method. Then we got the best psychological capacity of tourists with the Marginal Satisfaction Method. Finally we verified the influencing factors on TPC. The study found that the best TPC of Mount Tai Scenic Area is 10323 persons; Female shows lower TPC than male. Moreover, female satisfaction is more easily influenced by visitors’ number increasing than male satisfaction; TPC plays negative correlation with the increasing of age. Teenagers and adults have no much difference in TPC, but the seniors present a relatively lower TPC than other; The higher education, the smaller TPC.

Early Proterozoic Moyitic Series in Daqingshan, Inner Mongolia

Lin CAO(曹林),Wei JIN(金?) 한국암석학회 1997 암석학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Improved Multi-target Tracking Algorithm Based on Gaussian Mixture Particle PHD Filter

Qing Lin,Pei Cao,Dingan Liao,Yongzhao Zhan,Yaping Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.2

The paper proposes Gaussian mixture particle probability hypothesis density filter(PHD) algorithm ,which can effectively solve the problem that the object number is changing or unknown, based on particle PHD filter. This algorithm calculates the object number and state by recursive procedure, avoiding the uncertainty of target state estimation caused by particle sampling and clustering. Gaussian mixture particle is introduced to effectively maintain the multi-modal distribution of each target,reducing the complexity of calculation.

잠재적 범죄(Potential Crime) 행위에 대한 환경 색채의 영향 분석

조완임(Cao, Wan Lin),강재철(Kang, Jae Cheol) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.2

다양한 색채가 존재하는 일상 공간에서 우리는 심리적인 측면에서 무의식적으로 색채의 영향을 받는다. 매우 진한 빨강은 성인 남성의 호르몬을 증가시키고 정서적 흥분을 일으키며 빨간색 빛을 배경으로 한 선정적인 그림은 시각적 자극이 훨씬 더 크기 때문에 성적 및 정서적 충동을 일으켜 범죄율을 높일 수 있다는 점은 현대 과학에서 이미 증명된 바 있다. 즉, 환경 색채와 범죄 발생 간에는 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 환경 색채와 잠재적 범죄 행위 간의 관계를 심층적으로 분석해 볼 필요가 있다. 본 논문의 연구가 향후 도시 계획의 색채를 활용하여 도시 범죄를 줄이는 데에 보탬이 되길 바란다. 본 논문은 먼저 기존의 관련 문헌 및 이론을 토대로 환경 색채가 잠재적 범죄 행위에 미치는 긍정적, 부정적 영향을 분석 및 설명하고, 이를 바탕으로 환경 색채를 적절히 활용하여 잠재적인 범죄 행위를 줄인 5가지 사례, 즉 ‘Baker-Miller Pink’, ‘COOL DOWN PINK’, 소금길 ‘노란 열쇠 프로젝트’, 중국의 한 교도소의 환경 색채, 일본의 파란빛 가로등 사례에 대한 비교 분석을 통해 공간과 색채의 3요소(채도, 명도, 순도)의 응용, 유일성, 성취 지향성 등 측면에서 환경 색채 활용을 통한 잠재적 범죄 행위 예방 효과를 객관적으로 평가함으로써 잠재적 범죄 행위에 대한 환경 색채의 억제 작용을 강조하고자 한다. 환경 색채을 잘못 사용하면 잠재적 범죄 행위 발생에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 적절한 환경 색채을 사용하는 것은 범죄를 예방하는 데 긍정적인 역할을 할 수 있다. In a daily space where various colors exist, we are unconsciously affected by colors from a psychological point of view. Very dark red increases the hormones in adult males, creates emotional excitement, and sensational pictures with a reddish light background have already been shown in modern science to show that the visual stimuli are much larger, which can lead to sexual and emotional impulses, which can increase the crime rate It has been done. In other words, there is a close relationship between environmental color and the occurrence of crime, and it is necessary to in-depth analyze the relationship between environmental color and potential criminal activity. We hope that the research in this paper will help reduce urban crime by utilizing the color of urban planning in the future. This paper first analyzes and explains the positive and negative effects of environmental color on potential criminal acts based on existing related literature and theories, and based on this, five examples of reducing potential criminal acts by appropriately using environmental colors Baker-Miller Pink , COOL DOWN PINK , Salt Road Yellow Key Project , environmental color of a prison in China, and comparative analysis of the case of blue street lights in Japan through three elements of space and color (saturation, brightness) , Purity), objectively evaluating the effect of preventing environmental crime through the use of environmental colors in terms of application, uniqueness, and achievement orientation. Misuse of environmental colors can have a negative impact on the potential occurrence of criminal activity, and the use of appropriate environmental colors can play a positive role in preventing crime.

대학캠퍼스 네거티브 공간이 범죄 불안감 형성에 미치는 영향 연구 현황 및 분석

조완임(Cao, Wan Lin),강재철(Kang, Jae Cheol) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.4

Matthew Borett은 공간을 ‘포지티브 공간(positive space)’과 ‘네거티브 공간(negative space)’으로 나누었는데, 소위 네거티브 공간이란 어떠한 주체의 배경과 그 주체 사이의 공간(Impact Studio, Harley)을 말한다. 네거티브 공간은 긍정적인 네거티브 공간과 부정적인 네거티브 공간으로 나뉜다. 대학캠퍼스를 예로 들면, 긍정적인 네거티브 공간은 학생이 심적으로 편안함을 느끼게 하고 대학캠퍼스 생활에 활력을 더해 주지만, 부정적인 네거티브 공간은 잘 계획되어 있지 않기 때문에 공간이 제대로 활용되지 못하고 잠재적인 범죄에 대한 불안감을 느끼게 한다. 본 연구는 네거티브 공간이 범죄 불안감에 미치는 영향을 주로 논의하는 만큼, 본 연구의 독립변수인 네거티브 공간이란 부정적인 네거티브 공간을 말한다. 본 논문은 문헌분석을 연구 방법으로 채택하였다. 한국어, 중국어, 영어로 된 권위 있는 웹사이트에서 관련 연구 문헌을 검색하여 본 연구 주제와 관련된 문헌 31편을 선별한 후, 문헌의 내용과 연구 목적에 따라 분류 및 통계를 실시하였다. 시간 및 수량에 따라 배열하고 각국 대학캠퍼스 안전에 관한 연구 중점을 비교하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 대학캠퍼스 네거티브 공간과 범죄 불안감 간의 관련성을 검증하고 범죄 예방 환경 설계 이론(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, CPTED 셉테드)을 접목하여 관리가 소홀한 네거티브 공간을 개선하여 대학캠퍼스의 공간 활용도와 안전성을 높임으로써 학생들에게 쾌적하고 더 나은 캠퍼스 생활을 즐길 수 있도록 하는 방법을 논의한다. Matthew Borett divided the space into positive space and negative space , and the so-called negative space refers to the background of a subject and the space between them (Impact Studio, Harley). The negative space is divided into a positive negative space and a negative negative space. Taking university campuses as an example, positive negative spaces make students feel comfortable and revitalize university campus life, but negative negative spaces are not well-planned, so the space is not properly utilized and there is anxiety about potential crime. Makes you feel. As this study mainly discusses the effect of negative space on crime anxiety, negative space, which is an independent variable in this study, refers to negative negative space. In this paper, literature analysis was adopted as a research method. After searching for related research documents on authoritative websites in Korean, Chinese, and English, 31 documents related to the subject of this study were selected, and classified and statistics were performed according to the contents and purpose of the research. Arranged according to time and quantity, and compared the research focus on safety of university campuses in each country. The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between the negative space of university campuses and crime anxiety, and by incorporating the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED Septed) to improve the neglected negative spaces to improve the space utilization of university campuses. Discuss how to increase safety so that students can enjoy a pleasant and better campus life.

중국의 TV와 온라인 동영상 사이트 간 경쟁에 관한 연구

조림(Lin Cao),유세경(Sae Kyung Yu) 한국언론정보학회 2018 한국언론정보학보 Vol.87 No.1

본 연구에서는 중국 내 한국 영상 콘텐츠 유통 플랫폼이 다양해짐에 따라 기존 미디어 플랫폼인 TV와 새로운 미디어 플랫폼인 온라인 동영상 사이트 간 경쟁상황을 적소이론의 관점에서 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, 플랫폼 이용 동기는 ‘콘텐츠 제공 서비스의 우월성’, ‘사회적 교류 용이성’, ‘경제적 효율성’, ‘시청 편의성’으로 나타났다. 4가지 이용 동기를 대상으로 세 플랫폼 간 적소분석을 한 결과, 경쟁우위 측면에서 ‘시청 편의성’을 제외하고 다른 모든 요인에서 온라인 동영상 사이트들이 TV를 앞서고 있어, 한국 영상 콘텐츠를 시청하는 주요 플랫폼은 TV에서 온라인 동영상 사이트로 대체되고 있다고 설명할 수 있다. 특히 TV 대신에 온라인 동영상 사이트를 선택하는 가장 큰 이유는 ‘콘텐츠 제공 서비스의 우월성’과 ‘사회적 교류의 용이성’이기 때문에 TV가 이러한 요인들을 충족시켜 주지 못한다면 TV가 온라인으로 빠르게 대체될 것이다. 반면, 기업형 온라인과 이용자 온라인 동영상 사이트들 간의 이용 동기 중복 지수는 매우 높아 두 플랫폼 간에 경쟁이 치열하며, 경쟁우위지수 역시 ‘콘텐츠 제공 서비스의 우월성’과 ‘사회적 교류의 용이성’에서는 이용자 온라인 동영상 사이트가 우위를 점하였으나, ‘경제적 효율성’과 ‘시청 편의성’에서는 기업형 온라인 동영상 사이트가 우위를 점하고 있어 현재 어느 한 플랫폼이 다른 플랫폼으로 대체되기보다는 향후 경쟁을 통해 경쟁우위 플랫폼이 부상되리라 예측된다. With the promotion of Chinese Government’s triple play policy, China has ushered in a new multi-media environment, and video platforms providing Korean film and TV programs in China have also become more diversified. Recently, Chinese users have become more active in using online video platforms, especially when Chinese government has strengthened restrictions on the introduction of foreign film and TV programs. The purpose of this research is to explore the competitive relationship among the video platforms in China providing Korean film and television resources for Chinese audiences on the basis of viewing motivation. This paper divides the video platforms into 3 categories: TV, sizeable video portal site and small-scale user generated video site. Through factor analysis, it gets 4 factors for ‘Superiority of contents service’, ‘For social communication’, ‘Economic benefit’ and ‘Easy viewing’. On the level of utilizing resources, the online platforms precede TV, especially the ‘small-scale user generated video site’ show highest niche breadth value in the factors of ‘superiority of contents service’ and ‘social communication’, and are located in the competitive position. But because the ‘small-scale user generated video site’ introduce the Korean film and TV programs through illegal ways, it will become a stumbling block of cultural exchanges between China and South Korea in a long term, so currently, the most important problem is to legalized the video platforms in China providing Korean film and TV programs.

Real-World Data of Pyrotinib-Based Therapy in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Promising Efficacy in Lapatinib-Treated Patients and in Brain Metastasis

Ying Lin,Mingxi Lin,Jian Zhang,Biyun Wang,Zhonghua Tao,Yiqun Du,Sheng Zhang,Jun Cao,Leiping Wang,Xichun Hu 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.4

Purpose Pyrotinib is a newly-developed irreversible pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study reported the first real-world data of pyrotinib-based therapy in metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC), focusing on efficacy in lapatinib-treated patients and in brain metastasis. Materials and Methods One hundred thirteen patients with metastatic HER2-positive BC treated with pyrotinib-based therapy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center under non-clinical trial settings from September 1, 2018 to March 1, 2019 were included. Results Over half patients have received more than two lines of systematic therapy and exposed to two or more kinds of anti-HER2 agents. Most patients received a combined therapy, commonly of pyrotinib plus capecitabine, or vinorelbine or trastuzumab. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.3 months (range, 5.54 to 7.06 months) and objective response rate (ORR) was 29.5%, with two patients (1.9%) achieving complete response. Lapatinib-naïve patients had significantly longer PFS than lapatinib-treated patients (9.0 months vs. 5.4 months, p=0.001). ORR for lapatinib-treated patients was 23.2%. Thirty-one of 113 patients have brain metastasis. Median PFS was 6.7 months and intracranial ORR was 28%. For patients without concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was very low (6.3%). But for patients receiving concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was 66.7%, and three patients achieved complete response. Most common adverse event was diarrhea. Conclusion Pyrotinib-based therapy demonstrated promising effects in metastatic HER2-positive BC and showed activity in lapatinib-treated patients. For patients with brain metastasis, pyrotinib-based regimen without radiotherapy showed limited efficacy, but when combined with radiotherapy it showed promising intracranial control.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Flexural Performance of a Novel Steel-Encased Concrete Composite Beam

Li-Lin Cao,Ye-Jun Li,Manicka Dhanasekar,Chun-Hua Lu 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.5

This paper presents a novel configuration of high strength U-shaped steel-encased concrete composite beam (HUCB) in which shear studs connect concrete and U-shaped steel at top flanges and bottom plate. The junction surface of upper slab and lower portion is strengthened by evenly distributed inserted circular rebar. Two steel reinforcements are arranged in the composite beam along the longitudinal direction to reduce the deformation of encased concrete and provide adequate bending capacity under fire condition. Based on the flexural experiments of five specimens, the test failure pattern, load-deflection relation curves, sectional strain distribution at different height and ultimate flexural performance of the HUCB were obtained and are reported in this research. The experimental results show that the HUCB has high ductility and excellent flexural performance. According to test results of five specimens, new calculation formulae were presented to theoretically analyze the flexural capacity of the HUCB. The theoretical analysis values of flexural capacity according to the proposed calculation formulae are consistent with the test results of all specimens. A three-dimensional finite element model is also established to investigate structural performance of the proposed novel composite beam. Test results of five specimens verify the accuracy and validity of finite element analysis results. Parametric studies of the HUCB under positive bending moment are carried out to further analyse the influence of concrete compressive strength, yield strength of U-shaped steel plate and flange width of concrete slab on the flexural performance of the proposed new composite beam.