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( Guoqiang Zhao ),( Hao Wu ),( Li Li ),( Jiajun He ),( Zhichao Hu ),( Xinjian Yang ),( Xiangxue Xie ) 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6
This study investigated the effects of applying cellulase and starch on the fermentation char acteristics and microbial communities of Napier grass silage after ensiling for 30 d. Three groups were studied: No additives (control); added cellulase (Group 1); and added cellulase and starch (Group 2). The results showed that the addition of cellulase and starch decreased the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and pH significantly (p < 0.05) and increased water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p < 0.05). The addition of additives in two treated groups exerted a positive effect on the lactic acid (LA) content, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, and lactic acid / acetic acid (LA/AA) ratio, even the changes were not significant (p > 0.05). Calculation of Flieg’s scores indicated that cellu lase application increased silage quality to some extent, while the application of cellulase and starch together significantly improved fermentation (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, both additive groups showed increased microbial diversity after ensiling with an abundance of favorable bacteria including Firmicutes and Weissella, and the bacteria including Proteobac teria, Bacteroidetes, Acinetobacter increased as well. For alpha diversity analysis, the com bined application of cellulase and starch in Group 2 gave significant increases in all indices (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the application of cellulase and starch can increase the quality of Napier grass preserved as silage.
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Jiankun Xiong,Haibo Zhang,Fuheng Nie,Fen He,Jianping Yang,Zhan Hu,Zhongbo Wen,Haiyan Zhao,Xinjian Yuan 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7
The formation mechanisms for two carbides with co-existence and increasing stacking faults nearby the carbides duringsurfacing welding were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the surfacing layer had a two-phase structure ofa matrix phase and a second phase, the density of the second phase was relatively small and the second phase was discontinuous,by contrast with the as-received welding wire. Relatively uniform microstructure of surfacing layer and the weldinginterface without melting of base metal were obtained, resulting in an inapparent change in the microhardness. A few carbideswith blocky shape were identified in the surfacing layer. The mechanisms for (Cr,Co)23C6 of face-centered cubic crystalstructure co-existing with (Cr,Co)7C3 of hexagonal close-packed crystal structure and (Cr,Co)23C6 subsequently forming closeto the pre-formed (Cr,Co)7C3 during the cooling process were discussed in alloying element, calculated equilibrium phasediagram, Gibbs energy, etc. The relatively higher density of the stacking fault present around the carbides was understoodfrom forming energy of stacking faults.
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Guoqiang Zhao,Hao Wu,Yangyuan Li,Li Li,Jiajun He,Xinjian Yang,Xiangxue Xie Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.1
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate how cellulase or/and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) affected the fermentation characteristic and microbial community in wet brewer's grains (WBG) and corn stover (CS) mixed silage. Methods: The WBG was mixed thoroughly with the CS at 7:3 (w/w). Four treatment groups were studied: i) CON, no additives; ii) CEL, added cellulase (120 U/g fresh matter [FM]), iii) LAB, added LAB (2×10<sup>6</sup> cfu/g FM), and iv) CLA, added cellulase (120 U/g FM) and LAB (2×10<sup>6</sup> cfu/g FM). Results: All additive-treated groups showed higher fermentation quality over the 30 d ensiling period. As these groups exhibited higher (p<0.05) LAB counts and lactic acid (LA) content, along with lower pH value and ammonia-nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) content than the control. Specifically, cellulase-treated groups (CEL and CLA) showed lower (p<0.05) neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents than other groups. All additives increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes, Lactiplantibacillus, and Limosilactobacillus) while they decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and microbial diversity as well. Conclusion: The combined application of cellulase and LAB could effectively improve the fermentation quality and microbial community of the WBG and CS mixed silage.
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Yuan Na,Li Xiaoyan,Wang Meng,Zhang Zhilin,Qiao Lu,Gao Yamei,Xu Xinjian,Zhi Jie,Li Yang,Li Zhongxin,Jia Yitao 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2022 Gut and Liver Vol.16 No.4
Background/Aims:This study aimed to explore the effect of gut microbiota-regulated Kupffer cells (KCs) on colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis. Methods: A series of in vivo and in vitro researches were showed to demonstrate the gut microbiota and its possible mechanism in CRC liver metastasis. Results: Fewer liver metastases were identified in the ampicillin-streptomycin-colistin and colistin groups. Increased proportions of Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides uniformis were observed in the colistin group. The significant expansion of KCs was identified in the ampicillin-streptomycin-colistin and colistin groups. B. vulgatus levels were positively correlated with KC levels. More liver metastases were observed in the vancomycin group. An increased abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Proteus mirabilis and an obvious reduction of KCs were noted in the vancomycin group. P. mirabilis levels were negatively related to KC levels. The number of liver metastatic nodules was increased in the P. mirabilis group and decreased in the B. vulgatus group. The number of KCs decreased in the P. mirabilis group and increased in the B. vulgatus group. In vitro, as P. mirabilis or B. vulgatus doses increased, there was an opposite effect on KC proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. P. mirabilis induced CT26 cell migration by controlling KC proliferation, whereas B. vulgatus prevented this migration. Conclusions: An increased abundance of P. mirabilis and decreased amount of B. vulgatus play key roles in CRC liver metastasis, which might be related to KC reductions in the liver.
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