PARP1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates Sox2 to control Sox2 protein levels and FGF4 expression during embryonic stem cell differentiation.

Gao, Furong,Kwon, Sung Won,Zhao, Yingming,Jin, Ying American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.33

<P>Transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 are key players in maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Small changes in their levels disrupt normal expression of their target genes. However, it remains elusive how protein levels of Oct4 and Sox2 and expression of their target genes are precisely controlled in ESCs. Here we identify PARP1, a DNA-binding protein with an NAD+-dependent enzymatic activity, as a cofactor of Oct4 and Sox2 to regulate expression of their target gene FGF4. We demonstrate for the first time that PARP1 binds the FGF4 enhancer to positively regulate FGF4 expression. Our data show that PARP1 interacts with and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates Sox2 directly, which may be a step required for dissociation and degradation of inhibitory Sox2 proteins from the FGF4 enhancer. When PARP1 activity is inhibited or absent, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Sox2 decreases and association of Sox2 with FGF4 enhancers increases, accompanied by an elevated level of Sox2 proteins and reduced expression of FGF4. Significantly, specific knockdown of Sox2 expression by RNA interference can considerably abrogate the inhibitory effect of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor on FGF4 expression. Interestingly, PARP1 deficiency does not affect undifferentiated ESCs but compromises cell survival and/or growth when ESCs are induced into differentiation. Addition of FGF4 can partially rescue the phenotypes caused by PARP1 deficiency during ESC differentiation. Taken together, this study uncovers new mechanisms through which Sox2 protein levels and FGF4 expression are dynamically regulated during ESC differentiation and adds a new member to the family of proteins regulating the properties of ESCs.</P>

Experimental investigation of influence of scratch features on GaAs cleavage plane during cleavage processing using a scratching capability index

Rui Gao,Chen Jiang,XiaoHu Lang,KangJia Dong,FuRong Li 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.3

High-power semiconductor laser cavities are formed via the cleavage plane, and critically influence the reliability and performance of the laser. This paper investigates both the scratching operation and the cleavage operation to improve the quality of the cleavage plane during the entire cleavage process. The scratching capability index (SCI) variable was proposed to evaluate the scratch quality of GaAs. A series of scratching and cleavage experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the scratch features on the GaAs cleavage plane. Experimental results of the scratching operation showed that a smaller scratching load and higher scratching speed were beneficial for reducing the kerf width and damage area width of GaAs. The cleavage operation on GaAs {100} cleavage planes exhibited crack propagation in the [1̄01̄] and [1̄00] directions and a slip direction in the <110> crystal direction. The calculated SCI variable correlated well with the scratch and cleavage qualities of GaAs, where a higher scratching SCI correlated with a smoother GaAs cleavage plane during cleavage processing. Thus, the SCI has the potential to relate the scratching parameters with the resulting cleavage plane quality of GaAs, which will help improve the manufacturing of semiconductor laser chips in the future.

Effect of Ultrasonic Power on the Microstructure and Properties of 304 Stainless Steel Welded Joints Through Cold Metal Transfer Welding Assisted with Ultrasonication

Fei Li,Furong Chen,Peihu Gao,Wei Wang,Chenlong Yang,Shiyuan Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.10

With the development of welding technology, low heat input and high efficiency cold metal transfer welding have become the main methods of thin plate welding. However, low heat input easily forms columnar crystals, which will endanger the mechanical properties of joints. Therefore, ultrasonication treatment was applied to the cold metal transfer welding of 304 stainless steel to conduct cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication in this paper. The comparison between cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication and cold metal transfer showed that the weld grain diameter obtained by cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication was finer. In the welded joint, the maximum grain size diameter of the weld seam in cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication decreased to 375 μm, and the maximum tensile strength of cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication increased to 734 MPa. The texture intensity of the weld seam in cold metal transfer was significantly greater than that of the weld seam in cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication, which was ascribed to the improvement of the microstructure of the weld seam in cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication. In cold metal transfer welding assisted with ultrasonication, the flow performance of the welding pool increased, and the ultrasonic cavitation degree was intensified. This resulted in the significant refinement of the weld grain, the reduction of texture intensity, and an increase in the tensile strength.

Batch Process Control, From Traditional Approaches to 2D Control

Yi Yang,Shengyong Mo,Furong Gao 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

In batch process, it is very important to closed-loop control the key process variables in the quality insurance system. The early studies can be classed to the direct application of advanced continuous control strategies, such as adaptive control and feed-forward control, to deal with the inherent process nonlinear and time-varying characteristics. These control strategies does not make use of the repetitive nature of batch process. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) control strategy has been developed for batch processes control. It is an integration of iterative learning control and feed-back control to handle the repetitive uncertainty and non-repetitive uncertainty, respectively. Both simulation and experimental test results to injection molding, a typical batch process, have shown the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Effect of Polyacrylamide on Rheological Properties of Underwater Non-dispersible Paste of Alkali-Activated Slag

Zhongzhe Zhang,Yongsheng Ji,Zhanguo Ma,Furong Gao,Mingming Ma,Zhishan Xu 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.1

In this paper, the rheological parameters of the alkali-activated slag underwater non-dispersible paste (AAS-UNDP) were tested, and the influence of polyacrylamide (PAM) on the rheological property of AAS-UNDP was studied combing with the method of molecular dynamics simulation. The experimental results show that the rheological model of AAS-UNDP and cement basted underwater non-dispersible paste (CB-UNDP) are consistent with the Herschel-Bulkley model. The results of molecular dynamics simulation show that the anions in PAM and the OH- alkali-activated slag cementitious material (AASCM) can produce repulsive force, so the potential energy of the AASCM is lower than the potential energy of the cement based cementitious material (CBCM).The mean square displacement (MSD) value and self-diffusion coefficient of PAM in the AASCM are higher than those of CBCM, indicating that the diffusion rate of particles in the AASCM is better than that of CBCM.

Chronic ethanol feeding impairs AMPK and MEF2 expression and is associated with GLUT4 decrease in rat myocardium

LiYong Chen,Jing Zhou,JiaJun Zhao,FuRong Wang,XiangLan Sun,Ling Gao,YuLian Jiao,XiaoLei Hou,ChengYong Qin 생화학분자생물학회 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.3

Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption is one of the causes of heart diseases. However, the effects of ethanol on insulin sensitivity in myocardium has been unclear. To investigate the effects of ethanol on the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), all of which are involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, in the myocardium, we performed three parts of experiments in vivo and in vitro. I: Rats were injected with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, 0.8 mg.kg-1) for 2 h. II:Rats received different dose (0.5, 2.5 or 5 g.kg-1.d-1) of ethanol for 22-week. III: Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and treated with or without 100 mM ethanol or 1 mM AICAR for 4 h. The cardiac protein and mRNA expression of AMPKα subunits, MEF2and GLUT4 were observed by western-blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Serum TNFα levels were assessed by ELISA. The results showed chronic ethanol exposure induced insulin resistance. Ethanol decreased the mRNA levels of AMPKα1 and α2, the protein levels of total- and phospho-AMPKα in cardiomyocytes. Similarly, ethanol showed inhibitory effects on both the mRNA and protein levels of MEF2A and 2D,and GLUT4 in a dose-response-like fashion. Correlation analysis implied an association between phospho-AMPKα and MEF2A or MEF2D, and between the levels of MEF2 protein and GLUT4 transcription. In addition,ethanol elevated serum TNFα level. Taken together,chronic ethanol exposure decreases the expression of AMPKα and MEF2, and is associated with GLUT4 decline in rat myocardium.

Objectives, challenges, and prospects of batch processes: Arising from injection molding applications

Yuanqiang Zhou,Zhixing Cao,Jingyi Lu,Chunhui Zhao,Dewei Li,Furong Gao 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.12

Injection molding, a polymer processing technique that converts thermoplastics into a variety of plasticproducts, is a complicated nonlinear dynamic process that interacts with a different group of variables, including themachine, the mold, the material, and the process parameters. As injection molding process operates sequentially inphases, we treat it as a batch process. The review paper discusses the batch nature of injection molding and identifies thethree main objectives for future development of injection molding: higher efficiency, greater profitability, and longer sustainability. From the perspective of system engineering, our discussion centers on the primary challenges for the batchoperation of injection molding systems: 1) Model development in face of product changes, 2) Control strategies in face ofdynamic changes, 3) Data analysis and process monitoring, and 4) Safety assurance and quality improvement, and thecurrent progress that has been made in addressing these challenges. In light of the advancement of new informationtechnologies, this paper provides several opportunities and encourages further research that may break existing capabilitylimits and develop the next generation of automation solutions to bring about a revolution in this area.

Effect of Composite Modification of Nickel Slag Powder and Polypropylene Fiber on Mechanical Properties of MKPC Mortar

Zhongzhe Zhang,Yongsheng Ji,Zhanguo Ma,Zhishan Xu,Furong Gao,Qi Xue 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.4

In order to explore the influence of nickel slag powder (Ni) and polypropylene fiber (PP) on the performance of MPKC mortar, different mass fractions of Ni (5% − 20%) and different volume fractions (0.6% and 1.0%) of PP were added to MKPC. The composite modified MKPC (CM-MKPC) specimens were tested and analyzed for flexural strength, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and bending performance. With the help of scanning electron microscope, the microstructure and fracture morphology of the modified MKPC specimens for related research. The results show that the addition of PP and Ni improves the mechanical properties of MKPC and improves its flexibility and deformation properties. When the content of Ni and volume of PP are 15% and 1.0%, respectively, the mechanical properties and bending properties of the modified MKPC mortar are the largest in the same group. Ni added to the MKPC gel system can reduce the friction between irregular magnesium oxide particles and between aggregates. In this way, PP fiber can well enter into the aggregate and play a bridging role at the interface, so that MKPC can better play its mechanical properties.

Glia maturation factor beta deficiency protects against diabetic osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclast hyperactivity

Shi Si,Gu Huijie,Xu Jinyuan,Sun Wan,Liu Caiyin,Zhu Tong,Wang Juan,Gao Furong,Zhang Jieping,Ou Qingjian,Jin Caixia,Xu Jingying,Chen Hao,Li Jiao,Xu Guotong,Tian Haibin,Lu Lixia 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Excessive osteoclast activation, which depends on dramatic changes in actin dynamics, causes osteoporosis (OP). The molecular mechanism of osteoclast activation in OP related to type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. Glia maturation factor beta (GMFB) is considered a growth and differentiation factor for both glia and neurons. Here, we demonstrated that Gmfb deficiency effectively ameliorated the phenotype of T1D-OP in rats by inhibiting osteoclast hyperactivity. In vitro assays showed that GMFB participated in osteoclast activation rather than proliferation. Gmfb deficiency did not affect osteoclast sealing zone (SZ) formation but effectively decreased the SZ area by decreasing actin depolymerization. When GMFB was overexpressed in Gmfb-deficient osteoclasts, the size of the SZ area was enlarged in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, decreased actin depolymerization led to a decrease in nuclear G-actin, which activated MKL1/SRF-dependent gene transcription. We found that pro-osteoclastogenic factors (Mmp9 and Mmp14) were downregulated, while anti-osteoclastogenic factors (Cftr and Fhl2) were upregulated in Gmfb KO osteoclasts. A GMFB inhibitor, DS-30, targeting the binding site of GMFB and Arp2/3, was obtained. Biocore analysis revealed a high affinity between DS-30 and GMFB in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, DS-30 strongly suppressed osteoclast hyperactivity in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our work identified a new therapeutic strategy for T1D-OP treatment. The discovery of GMFB inhibitors will contribute to translational research on T1D-OP.