Effects of three drying methods on polyphenol composition and antioxidant activities of Litchi chinensis Sonn.

Si Tan,Jianmin Tang,Wenjing Shi,Zhuwei Wang,Yuanyuan Xiang,Tingwei Deng,Xiaoxu Gao,Wenfeng Li,Shengyou Shi 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different drying methods, freeze drying (FD), vacuum drying (VD) and oven drying (OD) on phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of litchi fruits. 20 polyphenols were exactly identified in the litchi fruits by UPLC-QqQ/MS. Significant losses were observed in the contents of total polyphenols and antioxidant activities in the dried litchi when compared with the fresh litchi. Principle component analysis indicated that there was significant difference of phenolic component between the use of thermal drying (VD and OD) and FD. Our results suggest that FD is the optimum drying method for litchi fruits considering the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activities.

Early Recognition of Pediatric Strokes in the Emergency Department: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Factors Impeding Stroke Diagnosis in Children

Si Qi Tan(Si Qi Tan),Wen Qi Cher(Wen Qi Cher),Shu-Ling Chong(Shu-Ling Chong),Angelina Su Yin Ang(Angelina Su Yin Ang ),Sashikumar Ganapathy(Sashikumar Ganapathy ),Derrick Wei Shih Chan(Derrick Wei Shi 대한소아신경학회 2022 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: Strokes are challenging to diagnose in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) as level of suspicion is low and atypical presentations are common. We analyzed clinical features, epidemiology and factors of delayed identification in arterial ischemic strokes (AIS) and hemorrhagic strokes (HS). Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of children aged between 29 days and 18 years old diagnosed with stroke between July 2016 to June 2021. Results: Among 36 children, 11 (30.5%) had AIS, 25 (69.4%) had HS. Median age for AIS was 9 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 9) and HS 9 years (IQR, 1 to 11.5) (P=0.715). Focal neurological deficit was seen in 72.7% of AIS and 20% of HS (P=0.006). Only 18.2% of AIS and 52.0% of HS presented within 6 hours of symptoms. Median time from symptom onset to ED presentation was 24 hours (IQR, 12 to 28) for AIS and 7 hours (IQR, 1.8 to 48) for HS (P=0.595). Most (85.6%) arrived by own transport. Median time from presentation to neuroimaging was 7 hours (IQR, 0.9 to 7) for AIS and 4.8 (IQR, 1.3 to 16.8) hours for HS (P=0.376). Eleven patients, 9/25 (36.0%) HS and 2/11 (18.2%) AIS, did not have stroke as differential diagnosis at ED (P=0.714). Common initial diagnoses were viral illness or headaches. On univariate analysis, age <1 (odds ratio [OR], 17.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 250.4; P=0.035) and absence of focal neurological deficit (OR, 13.091; 95% CI, 1.5 to 117.9; P=0.022) were significant factors for delayed identification. Conclusion: Index of suspicion for pediatric strokes among caregivers and clinicians should be increased. Public awareness campaigns are recommended.

Glia maturation factor beta deficiency protects against diabetic osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclast hyperactivity

Shi Si,Gu Huijie,Xu Jinyuan,Sun Wan,Liu Caiyin,Zhu Tong,Wang Juan,Gao Furong,Zhang Jieping,Ou Qingjian,Jin Caixia,Xu Jingying,Chen Hao,Li Jiao,Xu Guotong,Tian Haibin,Lu Lixia 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Excessive osteoclast activation, which depends on dramatic changes in actin dynamics, causes osteoporosis (OP). The molecular mechanism of osteoclast activation in OP related to type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unclear. Glia maturation factor beta (GMFB) is considered a growth and differentiation factor for both glia and neurons. Here, we demonstrated that Gmfb deficiency effectively ameliorated the phenotype of T1D-OP in rats by inhibiting osteoclast hyperactivity. In vitro assays showed that GMFB participated in osteoclast activation rather than proliferation. Gmfb deficiency did not affect osteoclast sealing zone (SZ) formation but effectively decreased the SZ area by decreasing actin depolymerization. When GMFB was overexpressed in Gmfb-deficient osteoclasts, the size of the SZ area was enlarged in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, decreased actin depolymerization led to a decrease in nuclear G-actin, which activated MKL1/SRF-dependent gene transcription. We found that pro-osteoclastogenic factors (Mmp9 and Mmp14) were downregulated, while anti-osteoclastogenic factors (Cftr and Fhl2) were upregulated in Gmfb KO osteoclasts. A GMFB inhibitor, DS-30, targeting the binding site of GMFB and Arp2/3, was obtained. Biocore analysis revealed a high affinity between DS-30 and GMFB in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, DS-30 strongly suppressed osteoclast hyperactivity in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our work identified a new therapeutic strategy for T1D-OP treatment. The discovery of GMFB inhibitors will contribute to translational research on T1D-OP.

A Study on the Integrated Development of Modern Stationary Brands

Wang, Shi- Si,Chung, Sung- Whan 한국브랜드디자인학회 2008 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.6 No.1

중국은 경제가 신속하게 발전하는 대국이다. 근 20년간의 발전으로 중국은 이미 세계 문구용품제조의 중심이 되었으며 문구 생산능력은 세계의 문구 생산능력의 40%를 분담하고 있다. 통계에 의하면 국내엔 이미 6000 가의 문구제조공장이 있으며 매년 1500억 원 이상의 상품을 제조하고 있다 .그러나 중국 문화용품은 대규모의 제조단계에만 머물고 있을 뿐 이름이 알려진 브랜드가 적고 낱개의 문화용품의 이윤이 낮다. 그러므로 문화용품의 전면적인 브랜드 개발 생산은 앞으로의 문화용품의 발전방향이다. 몇 년 사이 한국은 디자인으로 경제가 발전해왔고 디자인으로 충족된 생활환경 속에서 문구용품브랜드 디자인의 정체성 개발도 자연히 기타 발전중국보다 일찍 개발되었다. 때문에 디자이너가 문화용품 브랜드에 대한 정체화 개발의 디자인을 연구. 탐구하며 전체 한국 문화용품시장의 발전모식에 대해 치중하여 관찰하여 중국디자인에도 도입 할 수 있는 특수한 디자인 방법을 발견할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국 문구용품시장의 배경, 문구용품 브랜드의 정체화 개발에 대한 방법을 실례를 토대로 분석과 탐구를 진행하였다. 중국의 디자인 전공 학생들에게 한국문화용품디자인의 발전추세를 반영하는 것을 목적으로 하며 동시에 중국의 젊은 디자이너들이 생각의 폭을 넓혀 자체 발전계획을 바로 잡아 디자이너 개발건설에 건의하는 역할을 하고자한다. 만약 한국문구용품브랜드 정체화개발의 모식을 중국시장에 도입시킨다면 필연코 중국문화용품상업계와 디자인업계에 대한 발전을 가져다 줄 것임을 예상한다. China is a big country in which the economy is rapidly developing. In the recent twenty years, it has become the center of producing stationery in the world and the production power of it has accounted for 40% of that in the world. It is estimated that there are more than 6000 stationery businesses in China and their yearly production value amounts to 150 billion Renminbi yuan. But the stationery products are usually manufactured a large scale. As a result, very few of the brands are known to people and the profit is low as far as each of the products is concerned. So the only way out for the stationery businesses is to develop famous brands on the whole. In this way, some Korean designers have done very well in developing their brands. The economy of Korea has developed rapidly in recent years owing to the progress of design, so the development of integrated brands of stationery design starts earlier than developing countries in such a nice environment full of design in life. Stationery covers an extensive scope of items such as papers, pens, albums, notebooks and so on, many of which can be the choices for design. On the other hand, each item costs low and can find its way to outlet easily. These good conditions benefit a lot the development of individual designers. But the first problem the individual designers have to face is how to make the design objects uniform and the brand image special. The writer made a market investigation on the Korean stationery only to find how they establish their styles of stationery brand in designing. This paper analyzes the background of Korean stationery market, the methods of the integrated development of stationary brands and the characteristics of the design by giving some examples. It aims at introducing the methods of integrated development of Korean stationery brands to the people who concern to the Chinese stationery market. If the methods of Korean stationery brands design and the promotion models of the design products can be introduced to Chinese market, I believe, a great improvement will be made in both the commercial circle and the design circle of our Chinese stationery.

Fabrication and characterization of CuSbS₂ thin films from metal stacks prepared by vacuum process

Si-Nae PARK,Sang-Ju LEE,Shi-Joon SUNG,Yong Chan CHOI,Dae-Hwan KIM,Kee-Jeong YANG,Jin-Kyu KANG 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Foxl2 of the Hong Kong catfish (Clarias fuscus): cDNA cloning, tissue distribution and changes in gene expression towards methyltestosterone, estradiol and letrozole exposure of the fries during gonadal differentiation

Si-ping Deng,Chun-hua Zhu,Jing Sun,Wen-da Wang,Tian-li Wu,Hua-pu Chen,Shang-li Shi,Guang-li Li 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.8

Winged helix/forkhead transcription factor gene 2 (Foxl2) plays a crucial role during early ovarian development in fish. Sex steroids and aromatase inhibitors can regulate gonadal differentiation in teleosts. To address the role of Foxl2 in gonadal differentiation, foxl2 was isolated and characterized from the Hong Kong catfish, Clarias fuscus. Tissue distribution analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that the foxl2 mRNA was highest in the ovaries; moderate in the female pituitary and hypothalamus; but weak in the forebrain, liver, testis and male pituitary, with a sexually dimorphic pattern in which there was higher expression overall in females versus males. Treatment of the fries during the period of gonadal differentiation [2–30 days post hatching (dph)] with 17amethyltestosterone (MT), an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) and 17b-estradiol (E2) affected the expression of foxl2. The expression of foxl2 was highest before gonadal differentiation (12 dph), but decreased significantly after gonadal differentiation (18-30 dph). In addition, MT and letrozole were able to down-regulate foxl2, but E2 up-regulated foxl2 during gonadal morphological differentiation. These results indicate the significant roles of Foxl2 in the gonadal differentiation of C. fuscus.

Trifluoroethanol-induced Activity and Structural Changes in Bos taurus Copper- and Zinc-containing Superoxide Dismutase

Shi, L.,Xia, Y.,Zhang, M.,Yin, S.-J.,Si, Y.-X.,Qian, G.-Y.,Lu, Z.-R.,Zhou, H.-M.,Park, D.,Chung, H.Y. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd 2011 Protein and peptide letters Vol.18 No.7

Effect of Sulfurization Temperature on Solution-Processed Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films.

Park, Si-Nae,Sung, Shi-Joon,Son, Dae-Ho,Kim, Dae-Hwan,Sim, Jun-Hyoung,Kang, Jin-Kyu American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.3

<P>Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells are attracting significant attention as an alternative to CIGS (Culn1-xGa(x)S2) solar cells because of the non-toxic and inexpensive constituent elements of CZTS. Recently, solution-based deposition methods are being developed because they have advantages such as suitability for use in large-area deposition, high-throughput manufacturing, and a very short energy payback time with drastically lower manufacturing costs. In this work, we fabricated solution-based CZTS thin films and investigated them in order to observe the effects of sulfurization temperature on CZTS thin films. We confirmed the grain size, morphology, chemical composition, crystallinity, and electrical properties of CZTS thin films depending on various sulfurization temperatures.</P>

Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Nationwide, Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study

Kim Si-Ho,Hong Jin Yeong,Bae Seongman,Lee Hojin,Wi Yu Mi,Ko Jae-Hoon,Kim Bomi,Joo Eun-Jeong,Seok Hyeri,Shi Hye Jin,Yoo Jeong Rae,Hyun Miri,Kim Hyun ah,Jang Sukbin,Mun Seok Jun,Kim Jungok,Kim Min-Chul 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.18

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often accompanied by secondary infections, such as invasive aspergillosis. In this study, risk factors for developing COVID-19- associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and their clinical outcomes were evaluated. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included critically ill COVID-19 patients from July 2020 through March 2021. Critically ill patients were defined as patients requiring high-flow respiratory support or mechanical ventilation. CAPA was defined based on the 2020 European Confederation of Medical Mycology and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology consensus criteria. Factors associated with CAPA were analyzed, and their clinical outcomes were adjusted by a propensity score-matched model. Results: Among 187 eligible patients, 17 (9.1%) developed CAPA, which is equal to 33.10 per 10,000 patient-days. Sixteen patients received voriconazole-based antifungal treatment. In addition, 82.4% and 53.5% of patients with CAPA and without CAPA, respectively, received early high-dose corticosteroids (P = 0.022). In multivariable analysis, initial 10-day cumulative steroid dose > 60 mg of dexamethasone or dexamethasone equivalent dose) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–13.79) and chronic pulmonary disease (adjusted OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.26–14.02) were independently associated with CAPA. Tendencies of higher 90- day overall mortality (54.3% vs. 35.2%, P = 0.346) and lower respiratory support-free rate were observed in patients with CAPA (76.3% vs. 54.9%, P = 0.089). Conclusion: Our study showed that the dose of corticosteroid use might be a risk factor for CAPA development and the possibility of CAPA contributing to adverse outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Correlation Between Chemical Composition and Efficiency of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ Solar Cells Prepared by a Solution Process

Park, Si-Nae,Sung, Shi-Joon,Kim, Dae-Hwan,Kang, Jin-Kyu American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.8

<P>Solution-based Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells are attracting a lot of attention as a strong alternative to vacuum-based CZTS solar cells owing to their simple and low-cost process, large area deposition, and so on. Typically, the solution-based process consists of two steps: coating with precursor solution and annealing of the precursor films. Unlike vacuum-based deposition, the precursor solution contains unnecessary elements in order to form high quality precursor films, and thus, the precise control of the chemical composition of CZTS absorbers is essential for achieving highly efficient CZTS solar cells. In this work, we have investigated the correlation between chemical composition and efficiency of CZTS solar cells prepared by a spin coating method. The composition of the CZTS precursor solution is controlled in order to obtain optimized chemical composition of CZTS absorbers. Pre-annealing of CZTS precursor films is also varied to confirm the effect of thermal treatment on the chemical composition of CZTS absorbers. Due to the different thermal decomposition behaviors of metal precursors in CZTS precursor solutions, the chemical composition of CZTS absorbers are considerably affected by the pre-annealing temperature. The efficiency of CZTS solar cells is closely related to the chemical composition of CZTS absorbers and the CZTS solar cell with Cu/(Zn + Sn) = 0.75 and Zn/Sn = 1.10 exhibited J(SC), V-OC, FF, and efficiency of 0.58 V, 17.28 mA/cm(2), 52.1%, and 5.18%, respectively.</P>