Privacy-preserving and Communication-efficient Convolutional Neural Network Prediction Framework in Mobile Cloud Computing

( Yanan Bai ),( Yong Feng ),( Wenyuan Wu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.12

Deep Learning as a Service (DLaaS), utilizing the cloud-based deep neural network models to provide customer prediction services, has been widely deployed on mobile cloud computing (MCC). Such services raise privacy concerns since customers need to send private data to untrusted service providers. In this paper, we devote ourselves to building an efficient protocol to classify users’ images using the convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained and held by the server, while keeping both parties’ data secure. Most previous solutions commonly employ homomorphic encryption schemes based on Ring Learning with Errors (RLWE) hardness or two-party secure computation protocols to achieve it. However, they have limitations on large communication overheads and costs in MCC. To address this issue, we present LeHE4SCNN, a scalable privacy-preserving and communication-efficient framework for CNN-based DLaaS. Firstly, we design a novel low-expansion rate homomorphic encryption scheme with packing and unpacking methods (LeHE). It supports fast homomorphic operations such as vector-matrix multiplication and addition. Then we propose a secure prediction framework for CNN. It employs the LeHE scheme to compute linear layers while exploiting the data shuffling technique to perform non-linear operations. Finally, we implement and evaluate LeHE4SCNN with various CNN models on a real-world dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the LeHE4SCNN framework in terms of response time, usage cost, and communication overhead compared to the state-of-the-art methods in the mobile cloud computing environment.

IL-33 Promotes ST2-Dependent Fibroblast Maturation via P38 and TGF-β in a Mouse Model of Epidural Fibrosis

Wang Haoran,Wu Tao,Hua Feng,Sun Jinpeng,Bai Yunfeng,Wang Weishun,Liu Jun,Zhang Mingshun 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.3

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1b family, is involved in organ fibrosis. However, the roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in epidural fibrosis post spine operation remain elusive. METHODS: A mouse model of epidural fibrosis was established after laminectomy. IL-33 in the wound tissues post laminectomy was measured with Western blotting, ELISA and immunoflurosence imaging. The fibroblast cell line NIH- 3T3 and primary fibroblasts were treated with IL-33 and the mechanisms of maturation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts were analyzed. To explore roles of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in vivo, IL-33 knockout (KO) and ST2 KO mice were employed to construct the model of laminectomy. The epidural fibrosis was evaluated using H&E and Masson staining, western-blotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: As demonstrated in western blotting and ELISA, IL-33 was increased in epidural wound tissues post laminectomy. The immunoflurosence imaging revealed that endothelial cells (CD31?) and fibroblasts (a-SAM?) were major producers of IL-33 in the epidural wound tissues. In vitro, IL-33 promoted fibroblast maturation, which was blocked by ST2 neutralization antibody, suggesting that IL-33-promoted-fibroblasts maturation was ST2 dependent. Further, IL-33/ ST2 activated MAPK p38 and TGF-b pathways. Either p38 inhibitor or TGF-b inhibitor decreased fibronectin and a-SAM production from IL-33-treated fibroblasts, suggesting that p38 and TGF-b were involved with IL-33/ST2 signal pathways in the fibroblasts maturation. In vivo, IL-33 KO or ST2 KO decreased fibronectin, a-SMA and collagen deposition in the wound tissues of mice that underwent spine surgery. In addition, TGF-b1 was decreased in IL-33 KO or ST2 KO epidural wound tissues. CONCLUSION: In summary, IL-33/ST2 promoted fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts via MAPK p38 and TGFb in a mouse model of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.

An Iterative Calculation Method for Internal Forces and Deformation of Curved Tunnel Lining

Lu-yuan Wu,Meng Li,Hai-bo Bai,Yong-feng Yun,Hui Li,Yi Feng 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4

The accurate prediction of lining forces and deformations is crucial for the design of arched tunnel lining. However, in traditional tunnel structural mechanics methods, the distribution shape of the surrounding rock elastic resistance (SRER), as well as the zero point and maximal point locations of SRER, are not clearly defined. In this paper, an iterative calculation method is proposed based on the gradual convergence of the unitized values of SRER and total displacement (TD) of the lining, and the one-to-one functional relationship between the two in the stability process of the surrounding rock and lining. In this method involves using the initial displacement caused by the pressure of the surrounding rock pressure is used to initiate the iterative process, and iterative calculation is carried out until the errors between the unitized value of SRER and the unitized value of TD of the lining structure meet the error requirements. This enables precise determination of the SRER and TD. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study is conducted on the tunnel of Lianghe Expressway tunnel in Yunnan province, China . The results showed that when the semi-lining structure is divided into unit blocks and the average error of consistency is required to be less than 1e-3, it takes about 20 iterations are needed to meet the error requirement. Furthermore, the accuracy of the calculated results is verified through site-measuring experiments. This method provides an effective tool for failure analysis of arched tunnel lining structures.

Selective and Full Derivatization of Amino Group in Chitosan with Alkyl Chloroformate of Low Stereo-Hindrance

Zi-Wei Feng,Shao-Hua Huang,Wei Chen,Zheng-Wu Bai 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.7

Improvements of Metabolites Tolerance in Clostridium acetobutylicum by Micronutrient Zinc Supplementation

You-Duo Wu,Chuang Xue,Li-Jie Chen,WenJie Yuan,Feng-Wu Bai 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.1

Micronutrient zinc is of great importance for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum. The effect of zinc supplementation on toxic metabolites (formic, acetic, butyric acid and butanol) tolerance during ABE fermentation was investigated under various stress-shock conditions without pH control. Great improvements on cell growth, glucose utilization and butanol production were achieved. In the presence of 0.45 g/L formic acid, zinc contributed to 11.28 g/L butanol produced from 55.24 g/L glucose compared to only 5.27 g/L butanol from 29.49 g/L glucose in the control without zinc supplementation. More importantly, relatively higher levels of 7.5 g/L acetic acid, 5.5 g/L butyric acid and 18 g/L butanol could be tolerated by C. acetobutylicum with zinc supplementation while no fermentation was observed under the same stress-shock condition respectively, suggesting that the acids and butanol tolerance in C. acetobutylicum could be significantly facilitated by pleiotropic regulation of micronutrient zinc. Thus, this paper provides an efficient bioprocess engineering strategy for improving stress tolerance in Clostridium species.

TCP10L synergizes with MAD1 in transcriptional suppression and cell cycle arrest through mutual interaction

( Suqin Shen ),( Jie Zuo ),( Huan Feng ),( Meirong Bai ),( Chenji Wang ),( Youheng Wei ),( Yanhong Li ),( Yichen Le ),( Jiaxue Wu ),( Yanhua Wu ),( Long Yu ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2016 BMB Reports Vol.49 No.6

T-complex protein 10A homolog 2 (TCP10L) was previously demonstrated to be a potential tumor suppressor in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism. MAX dimerization protein 1 (MAD1) is a key transcription suppressor that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression and Myc-mediated cell transformation. In this study, we identified MAD1 as a novel TCP10L-interacting protein. The interaction depends on the leucine zipper domain of both TCP10L and MAD1. TCP10L, but not the interaction-deficient TCP10L mutant, synergizes with MAD1 in transcriptional repression, cell cycle G1 arrest and cell growth suppression. Mechanistic exploration further revealed that TCP10L is able to stabilize intracellular MAD1 protein level. Consistently, the MAD1-interaction-deficient TCP10L mutant exerts no effect on stabilizing the MAD1 protein. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that TCP10L stabilizes MAD1 protein level through direct interaction, and they cooperatively regulate cell cycle progression. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(6): 325-330]

Observed Quasi-steady Kinetics of Yeast Cell Growth and Ethanol Formation under Very High Gravity Fermentation Condition

Chen Li-Jie,Xu Ya-Li,Bai Feng-Wu,Anderson William A.,Murray Moo-Young The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.2

Using a general Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model strain, continuous ethanol fermentation was carried out in a stirred tank bioreactor with a working volume of 1,500 mL. Three different gravity media containing glucose of 120, 200 and 280 g/L, respectively, supplemented with 5 g/L yeast extract and 3 g/L peptone, were fed into the fermentor at different dilution rates. Although complete steady states developed for low gravity medium containing 120 g/L glucose, quasi-steady states and oscillations of the fermented parameters, including residual glucose, ethanol and biomass were observed when high gravity medium containing 200 g/L glucose and very high gravity medium containing 280 g/L glucose were fed at the designated dilution rate of $0.027\;h^{-1}$. The observed quasi-steady states that incorporated these steady states, quasi-steady states and oscillations were proposed as these oscillations were of relatively short periods of time and their averages fluctuated up and down almost symmetrically. The continuous kinetic models that combined both the substrate and product inhibitions were developed and correlated for these observed quasi-steady states.

Mussel Adhesive Protein/platelet-rich Plasma Composite-coated Titanium Surfaces Increase Functionality of Dermal Fibroblasts

Zhongshan Wang,Haiyan Qin,Zhihong Feng,Guofeng Wu,Shizhu Bai,Yan Dong,Yimin Zhao 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.3

Bacterial invasion and epithelial downgrowth with pocket formation are still severe clinical challenges for transcutaneous implants, and both have a close relationship with the lack of a stable biological seal around the transcutaneous parts. Dermal fibroblasts are the main cells in the skin tissue and have been proven to play vital roles in the formation of biological seals. In this work, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can release high concentrations of natural cytokines upon activation, was used to stimulate rapid fibroblast growth. Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) were used as mediators to anchor the platelets in the PRP onto Ti surfaces, and MAP/PRP composite-coated Ti surfaces were constructed successfully. This in vitro study indicated increased fibroblast adhesion (P < 0.05), spreading, and proliferation (P < 0.05) and upregulated extracellular matrix-related gene expression (P < 0.05) on a MAP/PRP composite-coated Ti surface compared with a control smooth Ti surface. Our results suggest that MAP/PRP composite-coated Ti surfaces are potentially useful for the formation of a stable biological seal in transcutaneous areas.

Improved Ethanol Production in Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers by Overexpression of Inulinase Gene in Kluyveromyces marxianus

WenJie Yuan,Xinqing Zhao,Li-Jie Chen,Feng-Wu Bai 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4

Ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers through a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) strategy using the inulinase-producing yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus is an economical and competitive than that from a grainbased feedstock. However, poor inulinase production under ethanol fermentation conditions significantly prolongs the fermentation time and compromises ethanol productivity. Improvement of inulinase activity appears to be promising for increasing ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by CBP. In the present study, expression of the inulinase gene INU with its own promoter in K. marxianus (K/INU2) was explored using the integrative cassette. Overexpression of INU was explored using chromosome integration via the HO locus of the yeast. Inulinase activity and ethanol were determined from inulin and Jerusalem artichoke tubers under fed-batch operation. Inulinase activity was 114.9 U/mL under aerobic conditions for K/INU2, compared with 52.3 U/mL produced by the wild type strain. Importantly, inulinase production was enhanced in K/INU2 under ethanol fermentation conditions. When using 230 g/L inulin and 220 g/L Jerusalem artichoke tubers as substrates, inulinase activities of 3.7 and 6.8 U/mL,respectively, were measured using K/INU2, comparing favorably with 2.4 and 3.1 U/mL, respectively, using the wide type strain. Ethanol concentration and productivity for inulin were improved by the recombinant yeast to 96.2 g/L and 1.34 g/L/h, respectively, vs 93.7 g/L and 1.12 g/L/h,respectively, by the wild type strain. Ethanol concentration and productivity improvements for Jerusalem artichoke tubers were 69 g/L and 1.44 g/L/h, respectively, from the recombinant strain vs 62 g/L and 1.29 g/L/h, respectively,from the wild type strain.

The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa

Wang, Xiaowu,Wang, Hanzhong,Wang, Jun,Sun, Rifei,Wu, Jian,Liu, Shengyi,Bai, Yinqi,Mun, Jeong-Hwan,Bancroft, Ian,Cheng, Feng,Huang, Sanwen,Li, Xixiang,Hua, Wei,Wang, Junyi,Wang, Xiyin,Freeling, Michael Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature genetics Vol.43 No.10

We report the annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of Brassica rapa accession Chiifu-401-42, a Chinese cabbage. We modeled 41,174 protein coding genes in the B. rapa genome, which has undergone genome triplication. We used Arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution. The extent of gene loss (fractionation) among triplicated genome segments varies, with one of the three copies consistently retaining a disproportionately large fraction of the genes expected to have been present in its ancestor. Variation in the number of members of gene families present in the genome may contribute to the remarkable morphological plasticity of Brassica species. The B. rapa genome sequence provides an important resource for studying the evolution of polyploid genomes and underpins the genetic improvement of Brassica oil and vegetable crops.