Systemic Optimization of Microalgae for Bioactive Compound Production

Kim, Jeong-Dong,Lee, Choul-Gyun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.5

The complexity of the biological system/biological systems has been fascinating and challenging for a long time. With the advent of mathematical tools with various omics technology, systems biology was born and is already ubiquitous in every area of biology and biotechnology. Microalgal biotechnology is no exception in this new trend. As tens of microalgal genomes become publicly available on the Internet, vast amounts of data from genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics are reported everyday. Though there has not yet been enough data gathered on microalgal metabolomics, the in silica models for relatively simple cyanobacteria or for organelles, such as chloroplasts, will appear presently. With the help of systems biology, a more in-depth understanding of microalgae will be possible. Consequently, most industrially-interested microalgae can be metabolically redesigned/reconfigured as cell factories. Microalgae will be served as the hosts in white biotechnology.

Photobioreactor Engineering: Design and Performance

Suh, In-Soo,Lee, Choul-Gyun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2003 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.8 No.6

This review summarizes the recent advances in high-density algal cultures in the field of algal biotechnology. Photobioreactor engineering for economical and effective utilization of algae and its products has made impressive and promising progress. Bioprocess engineers have expedited the design and the operation of algal cultivation systems. Many of them in use today are open systems due to cost considerations, and closed photobioreactors have recently attracted a considerable attention for the production of valuable biochemicals or for special applications. For high-density cultures, the optimization of environmental factors in the photobioreactors have been explored, including light delivery, CO$_2$and O$_2$gas transfer, medium supply, mixing and temperature. It is expected that further advanced photobioreactor engineering will enable the commercialization of noble algal products within the next decade.

The Influence of Bakers' Yeast Cells on Protein Adsorption in Anion Exchange Expanded Bed Chromatography

Mei Chow Yen,Ti Tey Beng,Ibrahim Mohammad Nordin,Ariff Arbakariya,Chuan Ling Tau The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.3

The adsorption of a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in expanded bed chromatography was undertaken by exploiting a commercially available expanded bed column (20 mm i.d.) from UpFront Chromatography and Streamline DEAE $(\rho=1.2g/cm^3)$ from Amersham Pharmacia Biotechnology. The influence of whole yeast cells on the adsorption capacity of column was explored by employing yeast cells in a concentration ranged of 0 to $15\%(w/v)$. Equilibrium isotherms for adsorption of BSA on Streamline DEAE were correlated by using Langmuir equation. The presence of yeast cells resulted in decreased of BSA binding capacity in both batch binding and expanded bed chromatography. Results indicated that the yeast cells act as competitor for proteins to bind to the sites on adsorbents.

Utilization of DNA Marker-Assisted Selection in Korean Native Animals

Yeo, Jong-sou,Kim, Jae-Woo,Chang, Tea-Kyung,Pake, Young-Ae,Nam, Doo-Hyun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.2

The recent progress od DNA technologies including DNA fingerprinting (DFP) and random amplified DNA polymorphism (RAPD) analysis make it possible to identify the specific genetic trits of animals and to analyze the genetic diversity and relatedness between or withinspecies or populations. Using those techniquse, some efforts to identify and develop the specific DNA markers based on DNA polymorphism, which are related with economic traits for Korean native animals, Hanwoo(Korean native cattle),Korean native pig and Korean native chicken, have been made in Korea for recent a few years. The developed specific DNA markers successfully characterize the Korean native animals as the unique Korean genetic sources, distinctively from other imported breeds. Some of these DNA markers have been related to some important economic traits for domestic animals, for example, growth rate and marbling for Honwoo, growth rate and back fat thinkness fornative pig, and growth rate, agg weight and agg productivity for native chicken. This means that those markers can be used in important marker-assised selection (MAS) of Korean native domestic animals and further contribute to genetically improve and breed them.

Identification of Genetic Markers for Korean Native Cattle (Hanwoo) by RAPD Analysis

Yeo Jung Sou,Lee Ji Sun,Lee Chang Hee,Jung Young Ja,Nam Doo Hyun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.1

In order to develop the specific genetic marker for Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 6 different cattle breeds was attempted by using 38 decamer primers. In comparison of RAPD patterns, two distinctive DNA bands specific for Hanwoo were detected. One was 296 bp of DNA fragment found to be specific only for female Hanwoo when primer GTCCACACGG was employed. In individual analysis of this RAPD marker was observed only in female individuals with the possibility of $85.3\%$. The other was 521 bp of RAPD marker amplified using TCGGCGATAG and AGCCAGCGAA primers, which showed $83.0\%$ of genetic frequency in 85 male and 68 female individuals tested. Nucleotide sequencing of these genetic markers revealed that 296 bp marker has a short micro satellite-like sequence, ACCACCACAC, and a tandem repeat sequence of microsatellite GAAAAATG in the determined sequence. Two distinctive tandem repeats of microsatellite sequences, MC and GAAGA, were also appeared in 521 bp DNA marker. In BLAST search, any gene having high homology with these markers was not found.

Biological Constraints in Algal Biotechnology

Torzillo, Giuseppe,Pushparaj, Benjamin,Masojidek, Jiri,Vonshak, Avigad The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2003 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.8 No.6

In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in developing the appropriate biotechnology for microalgal mass cultivation aimed at establishing a new agro-industry. This review points out the main biological constraints affecting algal biotechnology outdoors and the requirements for making this biotechnology economically viable. One of them is the availability of a wide variety of algal species and improved strains that favorably respond to varying environmental conditions existing outdoors. It is thus just a matter of time and effort before a new methodology like genetic engineering can and will be applied in this field as well. The study of stress physiology and adaptation of microalgae has also an important application in further development of the biotechnology for mass culturing of microalgae. In outdoor cultures, cells are exposed to severe changes in light and temperature much faster than the time scale re-quired for the cells to acclimate. A better understanding of those parameters and the ability to rapidly monitor those conditions will provide the growers with a better knowledge on how to optimize growth and productivity. Induction of accumulation of high value products is associated with stress conditions. Understanding the physiological response may help in providing a better production system for the desired product and, at a later stage, give an insight of the potential for genetic modification of desired strains. The potential use of microalgae as part of a biological system for bioremediation/detoxification and wastewater treatment is also associated with growing the cells under stress conditions. Important developments in monitoring and feedback control of the culture behavior through application of on-line chlorophyll fluorescence technique are in progress. Understanding the process associated with those unique environmental conditions may help in choosing the right culture conditions as well as selecting strains in order to improve the efficiency of the biological process.

PCR Analysis of Four Length-Polmorphic Loci in Korea Population for Genotyping

Ryu, Jae-Song,Koo, Yoon-Mo,So, Jae-Seong The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.3

On human chromoscomes, a short sequence of DNA is known to repeat a number of times. These are called variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) or short tandem respeat (STR) which has a short core. VNTR and STR are used in the filed of forensic science, evolution, and anthropology. In this work, we examined allele frequencies of one VNTR (YNZ22) and three STRs (NeuR, D21S11, Humth01) in a korean population sample by polymerase chain reaction (RCP) followed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (PAGE) with silver stain. Subsequently, the polymorphism information content (PIC) was calculated : the hifhest PIC was observed in the NeuR locus (0.95680) and lowest in the Humth01 locus (0.75809).

Immobilization of Cyclodextrin Glucanotrasferase on Amberline IRA-900 for Biosynthesis of Transglycosylated Xylitol

Kim, Pan-Soo,Shin, Hyun-Dong,Park, Joong-Kon,Lee, Young-Hyun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.3

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTasa) from Thermoanaerobacter sp. was adsorbed on the ion exchange resin Amberlite IRA-900. The optimum conditions for the immobilization of the CGTase were pH6.0 and 600 U CGTase/g resin, and the maximum yield of immobilization was around 63% on the basis of amount ratio of the adsorbed enzyme to intial amount in the solution. Immobilixation of CGTase shifted the optimum temperature for the enzyme to peoduce transglycosylated xylitol from 7$0^{\circ}C$ to 9$0^{\circ}C$ and improved the thermal stability of immobilized CGTase, especially after the addition of soluble starch and calcium ions. Transglycosylated xylitol was continuoncly produced using immobilized CGTase in the column type packed bed reactor, and the operating conditions for maximum yield were 10%(w/v) dextrin (13 of the dextrose equivalent) as the glycosyl donor, 10%(w/v) dextrin (13 of the dextrose equivalent) as the glycosyl donor, 10%(w/v) xylitor as the glycosyl acceptor, 20mL/h of medium fiow rate, and 6$0^{\circ}C$. The maximum yield of transglycosylated xylitol and productivity were 25% and 7.82 g.L-1.h-1, respectively. The half-life of the immobilized CGTase in a column type packed bed reactor was longer than 30 days.

High-Performance liquid Chrmatogrphic and Tandem Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of N7-Methyldeoxyguanosin in Methylated Calf Thymus DNA

Chae, Whi-Gun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.3

Quantitation of N7-methyldeoxyguanosine (N7-MedG) produced in the in vitro N-methly-N-nitrosuourea (NMU) action on thymus DNA has been achieved by enzymatic degradation, liquid chromatoraphic separaphic separation and desorption chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In conjunction with the resolving power HPLC in the separation of isomers, desorprion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry has utilized in determining modified nucleosides at low levels using a stable-isotope labled compound as an internal reforence. The quantitative estimation of N7-methyldeoxyguanosine was previously established by an independent HPLC analysis of methylated calf thymus DNA. A sensitive and specific methodogy for the quantitation of N7-MedG at the picomole level using HPLC combined with tandem mass spectrometry without radioisotope labeling process is presented. The potential of the liquid chromatoraphic tandem mass exposure to methlation agents in vitro.

Enhancement in the Viability and Biosensing activity of Freeze-Dried Recombinant Bioluminescent Bacteria

Park, Sue-Hyung,Gu, Man-Bock The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.3

The genetically-engineered Escherichia coli strain, DPD2540, which contains a fabA:::luxCDAbefusion gene, gives a bioluminescent output when membrane fatty acid synthesis is needed. For more pactical application of this strain in the filed as biosensor, freezedrying was adopted. A 12% surcrose solution with Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, as determined by the viability after freeze-drying, was found to be most most effective composition for lyophilization solution among various compositions testitons tested. Rapid freezing with liquid nitrogen also gave the best viability after freeze-drying as compared to samples frozen at-7$0^{\circ}C$ and -2$0^{\circ}C$. The biosensing activities of the cells showed a greater sensitivity when the cells from the expontial phase were freeze-dried. Finally, the optimum temperature for use of the freeze-dried cells in the biodencor field was determined.