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Advanced Treatment of Waste Water by Membranes
Fane, A G 한국물환경학회 1994 한국물환경학회지 Vol.10 No.3
Membrane technology offers many potential advantages for waste water treatment, including the ability to recover valuable materials and providing compact systems, readily scaled-up. This paper describes two large-scale membrane applications to waste water in Australia and discusses the development of several emerging technologies.
흡착과 정밀여과의 혼성공정에 의한 페놀 제거에 관한 연구
이호원,김규진,Fane A. G. 한국막학회 1996 멤브레인 Vol.6 No.2
본 연구는 흡착과 막분리를 결합시킨 혼성 시스템을 폐수처리에 응용하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 페놀을 분말활성탄에 의해 흡착하고, 흡착된 페놀을 활성탄과 함께 정밀여과에 의해 분리하였다. 분말활성탄의 입자크기가 클수록 여과저항은 감소하였으며, 활성탄의 양이 적을수록 단절점(break point) 이전의 투과농도 변화율과 페놀 부하 변화율은 증가하였다. 분말활성탄의 입자크기가 작을수록 활성탄의 외표면적과 경막물질전달계수의 증가로 인해 단절점 전의 투과농도는 감소하였다. This work is a fundamental study for applying hybrid process coupling adsorption with microfiltration to waste-water treatment. Phenol was separated by adsorption on powdered activated carbon, adsorbed phenol with activated carbon was separated by microfiltration. As the particle size in suspension increased, filtration resistance decreased, and effect of particle concentration on resistance was less pronounced. The rate of uptake was greatly dependent on the degree of phenol loading. For a smaller amounts of activated carbon, the change of permeate concentration before break point and phenol loading with time were steeper than in the case of large amounts. Permeate concentration before break point decreased with decreasing particle size, this could be due to the increase of outer surface of particle and film mass transfer coefficient.
Unified Overload Method of Slope Stability Analysis Based on Potential Sliding Direction
Haibin Xue,Faning Dang,Xiaotao Yin,Weihua Ding 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.9
The overload method is difficult to be promoted in slope stability analysis for its disunity of loading forms and directions. Based on the traditional overload method and the Strength Reduction Method (SRM) in which the limit equilibrium state of the slope was reached by reducing sliding resisting force without changing the sliding force, a new way to reach the limit equilibrium state of the slope was developed by increasing sliding force without changing resisting force. Referring the loading forms in Gravity Increase Method (GIM) and sliding direction determination in Vector Sum Method (VSM), the theoretical relationship was built between overload coefficient and safety factor of Vector Sum Method (VSM) and the unified overload method based on overall potential sliding direction was proposed. The loading forms and directions were unified by this method, respectively. Sliding surface could be determined while solving the safety factor and the developing direction of overload method in slope stability analysis application was indicated. Three representative slopes with fixed sliding surfaces and two slopes with unknown sliding surfaces were taken as examples to compare results from Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), Strength Reduction Method (SRM), Vector Sum Method (VSM), Gravity Increase Method (GIM) and overloading method along the horizontal direction with each other. The safety factor resulted from the method proposed in this paper was close to the one from Vector Sum Method (VSM) and the location of sliding surface was close to the one from Strength Reduction Method (SRM). Thus the reliability of the method was testified.
Ultrafiltration of Oily Wastewater with Surface Pretreated Membranes
Kim, Kyu-Jin,Fane, Antony G. The Membrane Society of Korea 1999 Korean Membrane Journal Vol.1 No.1
Separation of soluble oil was investigated during filtration of cutting oil emulsion using various commercial ultrafiltration membranes. The surface properties of membranes used were hydrophilic hydrophobic and modified surfaces by various surfactant pretreatments. Conditions varied include stirring speed transmeembrane pressure membrane type and surfactant type for pretreatment. The results give some indication of mechanisms occurring at the membrane surface. Surfactant pretreatments significantly improved water flux and UF flux of hydrophilic regenerated cellulose(up to 2.4x for YM100) and hydrophobic polysulfone (up to 2.2x for PTHK) membranes depending on surfactant type and operating conditions. The UF flux enhancement was attributed to membrane swelling and reduction of interfacial surface tension between oil droplets and membrane surface. unexpectedly the hydrophilic membranes revealed greater flux enhancement than the hydrophobic membranes. The results also showed a greater improvement in UF flux at lower operating pressure.
정건용,김재진,김규진,Fane, Anthony G. 한국막학회 1998 멤브레인 Vol.8 No.4
에멀젼형 절삭유(Caltex, Trusol) 수용액을 공칭 세공크기가 0.22μm 인 Millipore사의 GVHP 막과 0.2μm인 SUS 관형막(Mott 사)이 설치된 dead-end 및 십자형흐름 정밀여과 시스템으로 각각 분리하였다. 오일입자의 분포는 0.07 내지 0.22μm의 분포이었다. 투과유속을 예측하기 위하여 cake 여과모델 (CFM)과 standard pore blocking 모델(SPBM)을 적용하였다. Dead-end 시스템에서 0.01 vol% 절삭유 수용액을 400 rpm으로 교반시켜 투과시킬 경우, 100 kPa 이하에서는 CFM 이 투과유곡을 잘 나타내었으나, 150 kPa 이상에서는 SPBM을 적용할 수 있었다. 운전압력을 60에서 200 kPa로 갑자기 증가시키면 분리막 표면에 형성된 오일층이 파괴되고, 다시 60 kPa로 감소시킬 때 반복하여 오일층이 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 투과기구가 CFM에서 SPBM 으로 전환되는 이른바 임계압력을 추정하였으며, dead-end system에서는 약 100 kPa이었다. Reynolds 수가 7080인 십자형흐름 시스템에서 농도를 0.01에서 0.03 vol%로 증가시키면 입계압력이 약 100에서 150 kPa로 증가하였다. The cutting oil emulsion microfiltration was carried out on dead-end call and crossflow systems equipped with 0.22 μm GVHP Millipore and 0.2 m. Cake filtration(CFM) and standard pore blocking models(SPBM) were applied to predict the permeation flux. The permeation fluxes of 0.01 vol% oil emulsion followed CFM for dead-end system very well under the condition of 400 rpm and below 100 kPa. The SPBM was, however, suitable for the permeation flux at 400 rpm and above 150 kPa. The oil layer on the membrane surface was destroyed and reproduced repeatedly as operating pressure was suddenly changed from 60 to 200 kPa, and then returned to 60 kPa. Also, we estimated the critical entry pressure(CEP) which is changed from CFM to SPBM, and CEP for dead-end system was around 100 kPa. The CEP increased from around 100 to 150 kPa for the crossflow system as the oil concentration increased from 0.01 to 0.03 vol% when Reynolds number was 7080.
정상현,임승주,Gayathri Naidu,최영권,정다운,장암,Anthony G. Fane,Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran 한국막학회 2018 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2018 No.05
The ultimate goal of seawater reverse osmosis brine management is to achieve minimal liquid discharge while recovering valuable resources. The suitability of an integrated system of membrane distillation (MD) with sorption for the recovery of rubidium (Rb⁺) and simultaneous SWRO brine volume reduction has been evaluated for the first time. Polymer encapsulated potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (KCuFC(PAN)) sorbent exhibited a good selectivity for Rb⁺ sorption. The integrated MD-KCuFC (PAN) system with periodic membrane cleaning, enabled 65% water recovery. A stable MD permeate flux was achieved with good quality permeate. KCuFC (PAN) showed a high regeneration and reuse capacity. Ammonium chloride air stripping followed by resorcinol formaldehyde resin filtration enabled to recover Rb⁺ from the desorbed solution.