우식이환 상아질에 대한 all-in-one adhesive의 미세인장결합강도

문지덕,박정길,허복,김현철 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 all-in-one adhesive인 Adper Prompt L-pop과 Xeno(R) III를 우식이환 상아질에 다층 적용했을 때의 효과를 미세인장결합강도의 측정과 주사전자현미경을 이용한 파절양상의 관찰을 통해 알아보는데 있다. 교합면 우식이 있는 21개의 치아에서 편평한 상아질 면이 노출되도록 하여 감염 상아질을 제거한 후 3개씩 7개의 군으로 분류하였다. SM 군은 Scotehbonnd Multi-purpose를 적용하였다. LP1 군, LP2 군, LP3 군은 Adper Prompt L-POP을 각각 단층, 2층, 3층으로 적용하였다. XN1 군, XN2 군, XN3 군은 Xeno(R)$ III를 각각 단층, 2층. 3층으로 적용하였다. 각각의 상아질 접착제 처리 후, 광중합레진인 Filter Z-250을 10mm 높이로 적층 충전하였다. 각 치아는 가로와 세로의 길이가 각각 1 mm인 막대 모양의 절편이 되도록 수직으로 절단하였다. 그 후 미세인장결합강도를 측정하였다. 측정 후 파절된 시편을 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 파절양상을 살펴보았다. 각 군의 미세인장결합강도를 one-way ANOVA와 신뢰도의 Scheffe's Test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 미세인장결합강도를 측정한 결과, SM 군은 14.38±2.01$ MPa, LP1군, LP2 군, LP3 군은 각각 9.15±1.81 MPa, 14.08±1.75 MPa, 14.06±1.45 MPa로 측정되었고, XN1 군, XN2 군, XN3 군은 각각 13.65±1.95 MPa, 13.98±1.60 MPa, 13.88±1.66 MPA로 측정되었다. LP1 군은 다른 모든 군에 비해 낮은 미세인장결합강도를 나타내었고 (p < 0.05). LP1 군을 제외한 다른 모든 군 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p > 0.05). 2. 파절양상을 관찰한 결과, LP1 군에서는 접착성 파절이 우세하게 나타났고, LP1 군을 제외한 다른 모든 군에서는 혼합형 파절이 주로 일어났다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of multiple application of all-in-one dentin adhesive system on microtensile bond strength to caries-affected dentin. Twenty one extracted human molars with occlusal caries extending into mid-dentin were prepared by grinding the occlusal surface flat. The carious lesions were excavated with the aid of caries detector dye. The following adhesives were applied to caries-affected dentin according to manufacturer s directions; Scotchbond Multi-Purpose in 8M group. Adper Prompt L-POp 1 coat in LP1 group, 2 coats in LP2 group. 3 coats inLP3 group, Xeno Ⅲ 1 coat in XNl group, 2 coats in XN2 group, and 3 coats in XN3 group. After application of the adhesives. a cylinder of resin-based composite was built up on the occlusal surface. Each tooth was sectioned vertically to obtain the 1 x 1 mm² sticks. The microtensile bond strength was determined. Each specimen was observed under SEM to examine the failure mode. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The microtensile bond strength values were: 8M <14.38 ± 2.01 MPa) , LP1 (9.15 ± 1.81 MPa). LP2 04.08 ± 1.75 MPa). LP3 04.06 ± 1.45 MPa) , XN1 03.65 ± 1.95 MPa). XN2 03.98 ± 1.60 MPa). XN3 (13.88 ± 1.66 MPa). LP1 was significantly lower than the other groups in bond strength (p <0.05). All groups except LPI were not significantly different in bond strength (p ) 0.05). 2. In LPI. there were a higher number of specimens showing adhesive failure. Most specimens of all groups except LPI showed mixed failure.

웨이블릿 변환과 독립성분분석을 이용한 디지털 워터마킹

차성철,김대성,최훈,손상욱,배현덕 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2004 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.12 No.2

디지털 워터마크는 디지털 자료를 모사로부터 보호하는 방법이다. 그르므로 디지털 워터마크는 파일변환, 컬러변환, 약간의 몽롱화, 압축과 같은 치리에서 뿐 아니라 인쇄, 복사, 스캐닝에 대해서도 강인해야한다. 본 논문은 워터마크 추출을 위한 키 데이터와 독립성분분석을 이용하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 기법에서는 워터마크는 사람의 눈에 덜 민감한 원 영상의 웨이블릿변환 계수에 삽입된다. 그리고 독립성분분석 알고리즘은 서로 확률 분포가 다른 워터마크와 계수를 분리한다. 실험결과 워터마크가 워터마크 영상에서 사람 눈으로 인지할 수 없음을 보였으며, 워터마크 영상으로부터 키 데이터를 이용 영상이 일부 제거된 경우, 잡음이 첨가된 경우, JPEG 압축에서 워터마크의 추출이 가능함을 보였다. A digital watermark is a method to protect digital material from counterfeit. Therefore, it must be robust to withstand any processing, such as file format conversions, color conversions, slight blurring, sharpening color adjustment and compression as well as printing, copying and scanning. This paper proposed a method using key data and ICA algorithm for extraction of watermark. In this Method, we embed the watermark to the wavelet transform coefficients of original image which located in less sensitive subband to human eyes. ICA algorithm separated between watermark and coefficient that differs with probability distribution function each other. The experiment results have shown that the watermark is invisible to human eyes in watermarked image, and it is possible for watermarked image to extract the watermark with key data in various environment, such as removing, mixed noises and JPEG compressions.

폐경후 여성에서 생화학적 골대사지표 검사의 비교

정윤석,송민경,박덕배,김현만,임영애,곽연식,이득주 대한골대사학회 1995 대한골대사학회지 Vol.2 No.2

농산물 직거래 유통채널별 저해요인 분석과 활성화 방안

Deok-Hyeon Kim,Gil-Seog Park,Su-Young Lee,Seung-Hyun Lee 한국유통과학회 2016 유통과학연구 Vol.14 No.12

Purpose – This paper is for the Analysis on the Hindrance Factors and Activation Scheme by the Type of Distribution Channel in Direct transaction of Agricultural Products. As the distribution structure of agricultural products has become changable, farmers seem to use the type of direct distribution in order to enhance the receiving price. This study aims to explore the hindrance factors and income variation rate in direct transaction of agricultural produces, specifically focusing on the 167 farmers. Research design, data, and methodology - To ascertain the hindrance factors exactly by the type of distribution channel, the managements were classified by four subcategories, that is high sales percentage with shopping malls, SNS, shopping malls and SNS, and off-line direct transaction. Results – As a result of the hypothesis test, hinderance factors in online direct deal activation were found to be in the order of the difficulty in continuous content production, the difficulty in shopping mall operation and maintenance, and the difficulty in card commission problems, and in the order of the difficulties in continuous content production, the difficulty in continuous content production, the difficulty in shopping mall operation and maintenance, and the difficulty in branding for the SNS group. Thus, it can be seen that the difficulty in continuous content production, shopping mall operation and maintenance were found to be the biggest obstacles. In addition, hindering factors in online direct deal activation were found to be in the order of the difficulty in credit card settlement, the difficulty in publicity, and the difficulty in dealing with unsold goods. The group with high sales rate in shopping mall was found to be increased by 23.9% in the gross income compared to the previous year, the group with high SNS sales ratio increased by 56.5%, the group with direct offline transaction increased by 37.1%, among which the group with the highest increase rate of SNS sales ratio was found to be the highest from the rate of increase/decrease of the income, which was statistically significant. Conclusions – It can be suggested that government and local government may provide agricultural management with supporting plan which in turn can activate direct transaction in any possible ways.

Abnormal Trading Volume and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

Deok Hyeon Lee(이덕현),Min Ki Kim(김민기),Tong Suk Kim(김동석) 한국경영과학회 2016 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

The literature has shown that monthly trading activity negatively predicts the cross-section of stock return, but such predictive power is reversed for trading activity measured over shorter horizons. We solve this empirical puzzle by decomposing trading activity into expected and abnormal components. Specifically, we find that investors’ expected trading activity negatively predicts the cross-section of stock returns for long horizons, but the predictive power of abnormal trading activity is positive, and reverses over time. We further argue that investors’ attention and behavioral biases drives abnormal trading volume, and the price impact of abnormal trading activity is stronger for stocks suffering from behavioral biases. Overall evidence emphasizes the role of behavioral biases and investors’ attention to explain trading volume.

Korea Jeju 4.3 Human Rights Act 2022

Deok-hyeon Kim,Sejun Im,Won-seop Ko,Gwang-sik Kang,Yong-woo Lee,Jin-hyuk Moon 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2020 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.10 No.2

The Use of Inappropriate Antibiotics in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units with Nursing Home-Acquired Pneumonia at a Korean Teaching Hospital

( Deok Hee Kim ),( Ha Jeong Kim ),( Hae-won Koo ),( Won Bae ),( So-hee Park ),( Hyeon-kyoung Koo ),( Hye Kyeong Park ),( Sung-soon Lee ),( Hyung Koo Kang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.83 No.1

Background: Use of appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia is integral in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Although it is recommended that empirical treatment regimens should be based on the local distribution of pathogens in patients with suspected hospital-acquired pneumonia, few studies observe patients admitted to ICUs with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP). We found factors associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the emergency room (ER). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 83 pneumonia patients with confirmed causative bacteria admitted to ICUs via ER March 2015-May 2017. We compared clinical parameters, between patients who received appropriate or inappropriate antibiotics using the Mann-Whitney U, Pearson’s chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. We investigated independent factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in patients using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 83 patients, 30 patients (36.1%) received inappropriate antibiotics. NHAP patients were more frequently treated with inappropriate antibiotics than with appropriate antibiotics (47.2% vs. 96.7%, p<0.001). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was more frequently isolated from individuals in the inappropriate antibiotics-treated group than in the appropriate antibiotics-treated group (7.5% vs. 70.0%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, NHAP was independently associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via ER. Conclusion: NHAP is a risk factor associated with the use of inappropriate antibiotics in patients with pneumonia admitted to the ICU via the ER.

The Efficacy of Transarterial Embolization for Blunt Liver Trauma

Kim Hyeon Seok(김현석),Kim Jong Hak,Kim Jong Deok,Kim Kyeong Mook,Choi Nam Gil 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2004 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Effects of the Additions of Clay Minerals Illite and Zeolite as Inorganic Materials on The Growth of Chinese Cabbage in Horticultural Bed Soil

Deok-Hyeon Kim,Jong In Kim,Da Hee Sin,Sang-Moon Kwon,Hee-Kee Cho,Moon-Soon Lee,Sun-Hee Woo,Keun Yook Chung,Jai-Joung Kim 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Biological Treatment of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Synthetic Wastewater Using a Carrier Attached to Rhodobacter blasticus

( Deok-won Kim ),( Ji-su Park ),( Eun-ji Oh ),( Jin Yoo ),( Deok-hyeon Kim ),( Keun-yook Chung ) 한국공업화학회 2022 공업화학 Vol.33 No.6

The removal efficiencies of nutrients (N and P) and heavy metals (Cu and Ni) by Rhodobacter blasticus and R. blasticus attached to polysulfone carriers, alginate carriers, PVA carriers, and PVA + zeolite carriers in synthetic wastewater were compared. In the comparison of the nutrient removal efficiency based on varying concentrations (100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/L), R. blasticus + polysulfone carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 98.9~99.84% for N and 96.92~99.21% for P. The R. blasticus + alginate carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 88.04~97.1% for N and 90.33~97.13% for P. The R. blasticus + PVA carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 18.53~44.25% for N and 14.93~43.63% for P. The R. blasticus + PVA + zeolite carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 26.65~64.33% for N and 23.44~64.05% for P. In addition, at the minimum inhibitory concentration of heavy metals, R. blasticus (dead cells) + polysulfone carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 7.77% for Cu and 12.19% for Ni. Rhodobacter blasticus (dead cells) + alginate carrier treatment showed removal efficiencies of 25.83% for Cu and 31.12% for Ni.