General Introduction of American Ginseng Indigenous in USA and Canada

Park,Chung-Heon,Bang,Kyung-Hwan,Park,Chun-Geun,Sung,Jung-Sook,Song,Won-Seob 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.3

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is herbaceous perennial plants indigenous to North American forests. This is highly valued as medicinal herbs with a long history of collection from wild populations since 1716. Wild American ginseng distributed from Quebec in Canada to northern Florida in USA. A heavy concentration is found in the Appalachian mountains, although wild American ginseng is considered endangered. The price paid for field cultivated ginseng has dropped dramatically in the past 10 years, while the price for wild or woods cultivated ginseng has rised significantly. The price curve for ginseng resembles a roller coaster, reflecting not only supply and demand but many other factors. This information will be useful to understand American ginseng compared to Korean ginseng.

高强度 鐵筋콘크리트 보의 전단강도에 관한 實驗的 硏究(Ⅰ)

정헌수,박기철 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1989 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

A total of 45 beams was Tested in identical size rectangular beams (12×20cm). This experimental investigation was conducted to determine the diagonal cracking and ultimate shear strength. The major variables are: a) concrete compression strength b) web reinforcement (rfvy) c) Shear Span ratio (a/d)

집파리 불임화를 위한 Flufenoxuron제제의 개발

박정규,강창헌 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.35 No.-

본 연구에서는 불임화제제의 야외적용을 위한 소규모 실험과 제제의 제조 및 효과 검정, 불임화제제의 저장 기간별 약효 지속기간 점검 등을 실험하였다. 소규모 사육상자실험에서는 flufenoxuron 1,500ppm과 500ppm 모두 F_1난의 부화율이 0%로서 아주 우수한 불임효과를 나타내었으며, flufenoxuron 처리는 파리의 유인이나 섭식에 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 불임화제제의 개발과 효과 검정에서는 여러 가지 제제 중에서 펄라이트제제와 톱밥제제가 가장 효과적이었다. 펄라이트를 이용한 불임화제제를 제조하여 실제 우사(牛舍)에서의 집파리에 대한 유인효과를 검정한 결과, 약제의 농도에 따라서는 유인수에 차이가 없고, 집파리의 sex pheromone인 muscamone을 함유시킨 제제의 유인력이 좋았으며, 처리에 따라 유인된 암, 수의 비율에는 차이가 없었다. Perlite 불임화제제를 실내 및 냉장 조건에서 일정기간 저장한 후 불임효과를 검토하였는데, 실혼에 저장시 불임효과가 100% 유지되었다. A series of experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of laboratory-made flufenoxuron(1-[4-(2-chloro-a,a,a-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)2-fluorophenyl]-3-(2,6-difluoro- benzoyl) urea) formulations for house fly (Musca domestica) sterilization. Sterilization effect of a sugar granule formulation dipped in ethanol solution (1,500 and 500 ppm) of flufenoxuron was tested in rearing cages in laboratory. The eggs deposited by the flies contacted to the sugar granule formulation showed 0% of hatchability. The flufenoxuron itself (20~700 ppm) coated to sugar granules had no effect on the attraction and feeding amount of the flies. Four types of flufenoxuron formulations dipped in 500 ppm solution were tested for its sterilization efficacies against house fly in laboratory. The perlite and sawdust formulations were most effective. The female flies in cages containing sawdust formulation deposited 100% sterilized eggs. Less than 30% of hatchability showed the eggs deposited by the flies in the cages containing the sugar granule and the perlite formulations. The attractancy of perlite formulation was tested in a cattle pen. The formulation was made by dipping perlite carrier in flufenoxuron solutions (100 and 500 ppm) to which house fly sex pheromone(muscamone) was added. Concentration of the flufenoxuron solution in which the perlite were dipped has no effect on the attractancy. The muscamone added formulation attracted significantly more flies than the check treatments. However there were no differences in the sex ratio of the attracted flies among flufenoxuron concentrations and muscamone existence in the formulation. The formulation could be stocked for 10 days in a room without reduction of sterilization efficacy.

"지황 1호"를 이용한 숙지황 제조기술 연구

박남규,김선림,허한순,박충현 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

재래종 지황과 신육성품종 지황 1호를 이용하여 절단 및 원형으로 숙지황을 제조한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가압에 의한 숙지황 제조시간이 재래종은 254∼264시간, 제품수율이 71.42∼71.48%였고, 지황 1호는 제조시간이 260∼276시간 소요되었고, 수율은 71.50∼71.51%였으며 중량은 감소하는 경향이었다. 2. 상압에 의한 숙지황 제조에서도 가압에 의한 제조와 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 3. 가압과 상압에 의한 숙지황 제조 후 유리당 조성은 재래종, 지황 1호 전처리구에 63∼65% 이상이 fructose였으며, 30% 이상이 glucose였고, sucrose, maltose가 함유되었다. 4. 가압 및 상압에 의한 숙지황 제조시 catalpol 함량 변화는 종자회수가 많아질수록 caltalpol 함량이 낮아지는 경향이었으나 완전히 없어지지는 않았다. 5. 숙지황 제조 후 포장재별로 포장하여 상온에 저장한 결과 제품에 곰팡이 발생이 없어 저장에 문제가 없었다. New processing method for R. Radix preparata was developed by using the landrace variety as a control and "Jiwhang 1" (Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitiz). Sliced Rehmanna glutionsa Liboschitiz was steam heated by normal and high pressure conditions for the round-shaped R. Radix preparata processing. About 254 to 264 hours were required for the processing of domestic variety, and about 260 to 280 hours were required for "Jiwhang 1", but their yields were ranged about 71.42∼71.6%. Fructose and glucose were major free sugar of R. Radix preparata, and their composition rates were 63∼65% and 30%, respectively, but sucrose and maltose were traced only small amount. The Catalpol content was decreased as increasing the frequencies of steam heating repetion. But the catalpol was not completely removed. After processing, R. Radix preparata packed with paper-bag or PE-bag, and storaged at common temperature was keeping a best quality.

다발성 골수종에서 저용량 thalidomide, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone (TCD) 요법의 효과

류충헌,정재현,고정해,장제혁,박영진,최규남,박봉수,이상민,주영돈 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

Background and Objectives : The immunomodulatory drug thalidomide can inhibit angiogenesis and induce apoptosis in experimental models. It can also induce marked and durable response in newly diagnosed myeloma patients. Thalidomide has been used at doses ranging from 200 to 800 mg with significant toxicity. No data are available on the impact of low-dose thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone as initial therapy for myeloma patients. Design and Methods : To address this issue, newly diagnosed myeloma patients were treated with 50 mg/day thalidomide continuously and cyclophosphamide 150 mg/m², days 1-4 and dexamethasone 20 mg/m², days 1-5 and day 15-19, every month. Between October 2005 and October 2006, 14 patients (median age 54.5 years) were treated with low-dose thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. Results : After a minimum of two cycles of treatment, 5 patients (55.5%) showed a partial remission. After four cycles of treatment, 10 patients (83.3%) showed a partial remission (n=6) and complete remission (n=4). After a median follow-up of 15.4 months, 1 year overall survival rate was 82.0%. Thalidomide was well tolerated without serious toxic effects. Conclusions : The combination of low-dose thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone demonstrates favorable response rate and 1 year overall survival rate in newly diagnosed myeloma. Severe toxicities were not seen with this combination.

Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.

단감의 저온저장 기간에 따른 해충의 밀도변화에 관한 연구

강창헌,박정규 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.1

우리나라의 단감의 수출선을 다변화하기 위해서는 검역문제를 해결하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 저온저장 기간 중에 단감에 존재하는 해충이 저온에 의해서 어느 정도 제거되는지를 조사하였다. 톡톡이류는 약 20일간의 저온(-1±0.5℃)저장에 의해서 밀도가 1/10로 감소하였고, 저장 56일 이후에는 저장 중인 과일에 톡톡이를 찾을 수 없었다. 균식성응애도 저온에 대한 내성이 낮아 저온저장에 의해서 밀도가 현저히 감소하였으며 74일 저장 후에는 거의 찾아볼 수가 없었다. 차응애도 저장 56일 이후에는 전혀 찾아볼 수 없었다. 한편 주머니깍지벌레는 꽃받침 밑에서만 월동 난 상태로 휴면하고 있었는데, 다른 곤충과는 달리 저온에 대한 내성이 강하였다. 저장 74일 이후에도 과일당 5개의 알 수준으로서 다른 충에 비해서 밀도 감소가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 월동난 존재과율도 전 저장기간에 걸쳐 5~13%에 달하였다. 따라서 주머니깍지벌레가 발생하는 포장에서 생산되는 단감의 경우에는 이들을 제거할 수 있는 새로운 기술을 개발해야 할 것이다. Insects or mites on the exporting fruits should not be allowed to meet the quarantine requirements of importing countries. Some fruits are stored before shipment for export at -1±0.5℃. Density changes of the pests on persimmon were checked during the low temperature storage (LTS). The collembolan could be killed by LTS. Density of collembolan under calyx decreased to one-tenth of the initial after a 20-d storage. No collembolan survived after 56-d storage. The LTS resulted in high mortality of the fungus-feeding mite and leaf mite. There were no fungus-feeding and leaf mites on the fruits after a 74- and a 56-d storage, respectively. However the overwintering eggs of grape-myrtle scale (Eriococcus largerstroemiae Kuwana) survived the LTS. Some of them were still alive after a 74-d storage; 5-13% of the sample fruits had the eggs under their calyxes. Therefore the fruits from the orchards infested by E. lagerstroemiae should be treated differently to kill the scales.

SNU 미니돼지 유래 돼지내재레트로바이러스의 시험관내 사람세포주에서의 증식부전

김정헌,정은숙,박정규,김상준,황응수 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: The presence of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) has been considered as one of the main hurdles to transplant pig’s organs or tissues to human beings. There has been no report that PERV infection is associated with human diseases. Because pigs have their own characteristics of PERV according to pig strain, it is necessary to analyze the infectivity of PERV from SNU miniature pig to human cells for future utilization as a transplantation donor. Materials and Methods: Human cell lines were infected with culture supernatant from porcine cell line or immunomodulator-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SNU miniature pigs. They were also co-cultured with PBMC or islet cells of SNU miniature pigs. The presence of PERV genes and general pig marker gene in cells was determined by nested PCR with primer set for PERV pol and pig mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII), respectively. Results: Infection test with the culture supernatant from PBMC of SNU miniature pigs showed that PERV pol but not COII was detected only in a few cases, but there was no uniform infection pattern in scope of stimulators and cell types. PERV pol was not demonstrated in co-cultures of human cell line with PBMC or islet cells from SNU miniature pigs after 80 days of co-cultures. Conclusions: In vitro infectivity test suggests that PERV from SNU miniature pig might not replicate productively in human cell lines although it could infect human cells and integrate into chromosome.

人蔘이 自然發生高血壓쥐에 있어서 血壓 및 血漿 Renin 活性度에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

孫宜錫,朴陞哲,許鳳烈,李禎均,林憲吉,咸駿洙,梁忠模,韓哲洙,朴贊雄,金海中 대한의학협회 1979 대한의학협회지 Vol.22 No.9

쇼트피닝 가공한 평기어의 피로특성

정성균,정동건,박충식,김태형,이재헌 서울産業大學校 2002 논문집 Vol.53 No.1

In this paper, the effect of shot peening on the fatigue characteristics have been investigated. Two types of specimens were used to obtain the experimental results. One type of specimen was made by machining and heat-treating SCM415 steel. The other type of specimen was made by machining, heat-treating, and shot peening SCM415 steel. The hydraulic testing machine was used to do the fatigue test (R=0.1, 10Hz). The experimental results show that the fatigue life and strength of shot peened gear were largely improved compared with the unpeened gear.