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Maharjan, Sushila,Singh, Bijay,Jiang, Tao,Yoon, So-Yeon,Li, Hui-Shan,Kim, Girak,Gu, Min Jeong,Kim, Soo Ji,Park, Ok-Jin,Han, Seung Hyun,Kang, Sang-Kee,Yun, Cheol-Heui,Choi, Yun-Jaie,Cho, Chong-Su Elsevier 2016 Biomaterials Vol.84 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A successful delivery of antigen through oral route requires to overcome several barriers, such as enzymatic barrier of gastrointestinal tract and epithelial barrier that constitutes of microfold cells (M cells) for antigen uptake. Although each barrier represents a critical step in determining the final efficiency of antigen delivery, the transcytosis of antigen by M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) to Peyer's patches appears to be a major bottleneck. Considering the systemic administration of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB ligand (RANKL) induces differentiation of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-ĸB (RANK)-expressing enterocytes into M cells, here, we illustrated a promising approach of antigen delivery using full length transmembrane RANKL (mRANKL). The results showed that the intraperitoneal injection of mRANKL increased the population of dendritic cells and macrophages in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. Subsequently, systemic administration of mRANKL resulted in significantly higher number of functional GP2<SUP>+</SUP> M cells leading higher transcytosis of fluorescent beads through them. To corroborate the effect of mRANKL in antigen delivery through M cells, we orally delivered microparticulate antigen to mice treated with mRANKL. Oral immunization induced strong protective IgA and systemic IgG antibody responses against orally delivered antigen in mRANKL-treated mice. The higher antibody responses are attributed to the higher transcytosis of antigens through M cells. Ultimately, the higher memory B cells and effector memory CD4 T cells after oral immunization in RANKL-treated mice confirmed potency of RANKL-mediated antigen delivery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate significant induction of mucosal and humoral immune responses to M cell targeted oral vaccines after the systemic administration of RANKL.</P>
鄭光玉,池洪基 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1995 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.1
This study is carried out on the inflow-outflow analysis of reservoir in hillslope basin. The runoff models used in this study are SCS Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method and Clark method. In analysis, using geomorphology data of land use, vegetation parameter, geological condition, and characteristic data of reservoir, analysis of reservoir was performed. The hillslope river basin used in this study was divided into sub-basins, Namwon stream and Kisung stream of which Falgue stream: The purpose of this study is to analyze maximum outflow in planning and application of a hillslope basin's reservoir. At the result of the study which was analyzed to get the capacity of outflow a enough for 200-year frequency-based flood at the Dongmyung reservoir spillway. But, in this case of small reservoir in hillslope basin, it is a need to forecast for sedimentation because to reduce efficiency storage. Thus, when small reservoir in hillslope basin is designed, it is concluded to get a perfected preparation with safety rate.
두가지 근이완상태를 동시에 비교평가하기 위한 양측 상지혈류차단법의 유익성
김순임,황경호,김선종,김성열,박욱,옥시영,안기량 대한마취과학회 1994 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.27 No.3
This technique in the conscious volunteers to study the neuromuscular blockade was described in which two different muscle relaxants of ED95×10(-1) in 20ml 0.9% saline were injected simultaneously into one arm and the contralateral arm below the occlusion site of circulation with tourniquet, and then two different neuromuscular blockades were compared following tourniquet released after 80% twitch depression. The benefits of this technique were obtained as following; 1) Simplicity, saving and safety from easily to set up and using low dose of muscle relaxant. 2) Expected results from pure effects of muscle relaxant without any drug interactions. 3) Time shortening of experimental study. 4) Saving time and experiments from simultaneously comparison of control with study group in one experiment. 5) The study of pure receptor binding with muscle relaxant, since a presumed plasma concentration of muscle relaxants is near or actually zero after release of the tourniquet when fresh blood had flushed the limb. Concusively bilateral isolated forearm technique is elegant method to study the biophase binding interacted of relaxants and cholinerceptor.
난소가 적출된 임신성 융모성 질환에서 고원정체를 보인 p-hCG의 완전관해에 관한 증례
김태진,현우영,심재욱,이기헌,정환욱,강옥림,함경렬,이문섭,임경택,박종택,박인서 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 1998 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.9 No.2
Although chemotherapy remains to be the mainstay of treatment of trophoblastic disease, hysterectomy has been performed as the primary management of nonmetastatic trophoblastic disease who desire sterilization and for uterine disease resistant to chemotherapy. Clinically, the documentation of disease regression is provided by serial quantitative serum β-hCG assays and the persistent disease may be indicated when the serum β-hCG values rise for 2 weeks or plateau for 3 weeks or more. Because of similarity in molecular structure, the confounding effect of an elevated LH on β-hCG assessment in castrated women after treatment for trophoblastic disease has been documented. This LH cross-reactivity may be suspected in women with bilateral oophorectomy demonstrating persistent low levels of β-hCG. It is particularly true when the assay is perfo-rmed by conventional polyclonal radioimmunoassay. We have experienced two cases of nonmetastatic trophoblastic disease whose serum β-hCG assay plateaued at a low level atotal abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and chemotherapy. Clinical and radiologic work-ups were done for metastatic lesion in dose patients, but the results were negative. The quantitative LH assays (Serono LH MAIAclone kit, Roma, Italy) were performed with the sera obtained from the patients; the results were 37 and 31 mIU/ml (1st IRP) with β-hCG of 14 and 13 mIU/ml (1st IRP), respec-tively. With the initiation of oral estrogen replacement thrapy to those patients, the quantitative β-hCG values fell below 5 mIU/ml (1st IRP) and they remained in complete chemical remission without any additional chemotherapy for one year. The persistant low titers of β-hCG in those patients were considered to be result of LH cross-reactivity on β-hCG assessment. It is concluded that whenever the assay of β-hCG shows persistent low titers in the oophorectomized patient for treatment of trophoblastic disease, LH cross-reactivity should be suspected.