Dispersal and Control of Anammox Granular Sludge at High Substrate Concentrations

Ting-Ting Chen,Ping Zheng,Li-Dong Shen,Chong-Jian Tang,Shuang Ding 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.5

This paper reports about the dispersal and control of anammox granular sludge at high substrate concentrations. The results demonstrate that anammox granular sludge would turn into flocculent sludge when the substrate concentrations exceed the inhibitory threshold concentrations, with an apparent drop in the settling velocity of anammox sludge from 73.73 to 16.49 m/h. Moreover, the sludge was washed out of the reactor and a decrease in the nitrogen removal rate from 23.82 to 16.97kg N/(m3/day) was observed. The dominant anammox bacteria in the granular and flocculent sludge were Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis; however, the contents of heme c and extracellular polymeric substances in the flocculent sludge were much lower than in the granular sludge. Furthermore, the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances was different. The high nitrite concentrations more than the inhibitory threshold concentrations were regarded as the reason for the observed granular sludge dispersal and deterioration in reactor performance. The apparent dispersed granular sludge and malfunction of reactor performance could be recovered by means of washing out the residual substrate from the reactor and then re-running the reactor from low substrate concentrations.

Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Precast Shear Wall with Rabbet-Unbonded Horizontal Connection

Chong-fang Sun,Shu-ting Liang,Xiao-jun Zhu,Hu Li,Jian-min Guo,Gang Li,Ya-min Song,Dong-yue Wu 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.1

This paper reports the results of a seismic performance study of a precast shear wall with a new horizontal connection. The new connection is the rabbet-unbonded horizontal connection, which is composed of rabbets and unbonded rebar segments. The rabbets are used to improve the shear capacity and prevent slippage of the connection, and the unbonded rebar segments are used to improve the ductility and energy dissipation. Three specimens were tested with different parameters under cyclic quasi-static loading. The test results showed that the specimen with a larger unbonded level had a richer hysteresis curve, larger ductility, larger energy dissipation, and slightly smaller bearing capacity. Moreover, in relation to the stiffness degradation, in the initial stage, the specimen with a larger unbonded level had a smaller stiffness, whereas in the last stage, the stiffnesses were similar regardless of the unbonded level. A parameter analysis using a finite element model proved that the ductility and energy dissipation of a shear wall with the rabbet-unbonded horizontal connection increased with the unbonded length and level. In addition, when the axial compression ratio increased, the bearing capacity increased, but the load-displacement curves decreased more rapidly. It was concluded that the unbonded length and unbonded level could effectively improve the ductility and energy dissipation of a shear wall. However, they should not be too large under high pressure, and the design suggestions for the new connection need further research considering other factors.

The Prognostic Value of Treatment-Related Lymphopenia in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

Li-Ting Liu,Qiu-Yan Chen,Lin-Quan Tang,Shan-Shan Guo,Ling Guo,Hao-Yuan Mo,Ming-Yuan Chen,Chong Zhao,Xiang Guo,Chao-Nan Qian,Mu-Sheng Zeng,Jin-Xin Bei,Jing Tan,Shuai Chen,Ming-Huang Hong,Jian-Yong Shao 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.1

Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of treatment-related lymphopenia in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods A total of 413 consecutive stage II-IVb NPC patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were enrolled. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were compared using the log-rank test. Results A minimum (mini)–absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) of < 390 cells/μL or ALC after 3 months of CCRT (post3m-ALC) < 705 cells/μL was significantly associated with worse outcome than mini-ALC ! 390 cells/μL (OS, p=0.002; PFS, p=0.005; DMFS, p=0.004) or post3m-ALC ! 705 cells/μL (OS, p < 0.001; PFS, p < 0.001; DMFS, p=0.001). Patients with lymphopenia (mini-ALC < 390 cells/μL and post3m-ALC < 705 cells/μL) had a worse prognosis than those without lymphopenia (mini-ALC ! 390 cells/μL and post3m-ALC ! 705 cells/μL) (OS, p < 0.001; PFS, p < 0.001; DMFS, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that post3m-ALC was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.78; p=0.015), PFS (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.82; p=0.003), and DMFS (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.08; p=0.014). Multivariate analysis also revealed that patients with lymphopenia had a high risk of death (HR, 3.79; 95% CI, 1.75 to 8.19; p=0.001), disease progression (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.59 to 5.41; p=0.001), and distant metastasis (HR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.67 to 9.10; p=0.002). Multivariate analysis performed with time dependent Cox regression demonstrated ALC was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.991 to 0.999; p=0.025) and PFS (HR, 0.993; 95% CI, 0.988 to 0.998; p=0.006). Conclusion Treatment-related lymphopenia was a poor prognostic factor in NPC patients.

신용카드시장에서 멀티호밍 효과

박종국 ( Chong Kook Park ),왕설정 ( Xue Ting Wang ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2013 社會科學硏究 Vol.39 No.3

본 논문은 신용카드 시장에서 신용카드사가 복점 경쟁을 하는 경우에 가맹점과 카드 소비자의 행동을 분석한다. 소비자와 가맹점이 모두 싱글호밍 하는 모형과 가맹점은 싱글호밍하고 소비자는 멀티호밍 하는 모형에서 균형을 도출하고 서로 비교한다. 멀티호밍은 싱글호밍에 비해서 거래가 증가하므로 가맹점과 카드사의 이윤은 증가한다. 2012년 말 여신금융 협회에 의한 가맹점 수수료 변경에 대한 정책적 함의는 다음과 같다. 정부가 대형 가맹점수수료를 올리면 대형 가맹점의 소비자와 가맹점 한계비용이 변하지 않는 한 소비자 수수료를 내릴 유인이 발생하여 대형 가맹점 소비자는 의도치 않게 혜택을 얻을 수 있는 반면에, 중소 가맹점의 소비자 수수료는 인상되어 중소 가맹점에서 구입하는 소비자는 이 정책의 피해자가 될 수 있다. 이 결과는 신용카드시장이 양면시장의 특성을 가지기 때문이다. This paper analyzes the behavior of a payment card system when there are two payment card issuers and two merchants. We assume two cases on the consumer side; one is consumers single-homing and the other multi-homing. Merchants are assumed to be single-homing in any cases. We compare equilibria between two cases to find that profits of card issuers and merchants under multi-homing is larger than those under single-homing. In 2012, the Credit Finance Association of Korea raised the payment fee for large merchants, while lowering that for the small ones. According to our model, this policy lowers the payment fee for the consumers who purchase goods from the large merchants, raising the payment fee for the consumers who purchase from the small merchants. These latter consumers become worse-off by the policy change. This result is mainly due to the two-sideness of the payment card market.

AN EVALUATION ON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UNDERGRADUATES' TOURISM PROGRAMME

Roseni Ariffin,Chong Ting Ting,Roseline Anak Kok 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

This paper examines the effectiveness of tourism programme towards students' perceptions and expectations. A qualitative approach will be conducted to reveal students' judgment of the effectiveness of learning the subject that leads their expectations towards family, colleagues, lecturers, the school and other external factors. Results revealed will be essentially derived from the students' opinion of the concerned topic and issue. The objective of the study is to prepare undergraduates with prerequisite skills and talents in meeting the requirements in tourism market through improving the quality of tourism education in the university.

Effect of metal oxide partial substitution of V2O5 in V2O5–WO3/TiO2 on selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Qing-mao Zhang,Chong-lin Song,Gang Lv,Feng Bin,Hua-ting Pang,Jin-ou Song 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.24 No.-

After partial substitution of V2O5 in V2O5–WO3/TiO2 by metal oxide (MxOy, M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, La, and Ce), the NO conversions for the MxOy–V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalysts (M-VW) showed the following sequence: Co–VW > Fe–VW > Sr-VW Ce-VW La-VW > VW > Ni-VW > Cu-VW. The reduction activities for almost all the M-VW catalysts were enhanced at reaction temperature >400 8C, but only the Co-VW catalyst showed an increased activity at temperature <400 8C. Among the M-VW catalysts tested, the Co-VW sample had the highest catalytic activity with a temperature range of 300–550 8C for more than 90% NO removal at a GHSV of 60 000 h1. Moreover, the Co-VW sample exhibited high space- velocity, H2O and SO2 resistance, and low N2O yield. Co partial substitution for V in the VW led to more Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites, and an obvious increase in the ratio of the adsorbed oxygen to the lattice oxygen from 12.74% for VW to 36.73% for Co-VW. The increased adsorbed oxygen and Lewis and Brønsted acid sites contributed to the improved SCR activity of the Co-VW sample.

Three-Dimensional Elastic Stress Fields of Finite Thickness Plates with Elliptical Hole

Yang, Zheng,Cho, Chong Du,Su, Ting Ya,Kim, Chang Boo,Beom, Hyeon Gyu Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Key Engineering Materials Vol.353 No.-

<P>Based on detailed three-dimensional finite element analyses, elastic stress and strain field of ellipse major axis end in plates with different thickness and ellipse configurations subjected to uniaxial tension have been investigated. The plate thickness and ellipse configuration have obvious effects on the stress concentration factor, which is higher in finite thickness plates than in plane stress and plane strain cases. The out-of-plane stress constraint factor tends the maximum on the mid-plane and approaches to zero on the free plane. Stress concentration factors distribute ununiformly through the plate thickness, the value and location of maximum stress concentration factor depend on the plate thickness and the ellipse configurations. Both stress concentration factor in the middle plane and the maximum stress concentration factor are greater than that under plane stress or plane strain states, so it is unsafe to suppose a tensioned plate with finite thickness as one undergone plane stress or plane strain. For the sharper notch, the influence of three-dimensional stress state on the SCF must be considered.</P>

Modeling of the Solubility of Solid Solutes in Supercritical CO2 with and without Cosolvent using Solution Theory

( Qun Sheng Li ),( Chong Li Zhong ),( Ze Ting Zhang ),( Qing Rong Zhou ) 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.6

Induction Chemotherapy Plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Alone in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents: A Matched Cohort Analysis

Yang Li,Lin-Quan Tang,Li-Ting Liu,Shan-Shan Guo,Yu-Jing Liang,Xue-Song Sun,Qing-Nan Tang,Jin-Xin Bei,Jing Tan,Shuai Chen,Jun Ma,Chong Zhao,Qiu-Yan Chen,Hai-Qiang Mai 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome and toxicity of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) compared with CCRT alone for the treatment of children and adolescent locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LACANPC). Materials and Methods A total of 194 locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients younger than 21 years who received CCRT with or without IC before were included in the study population. Overall survival (OS) rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate, and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test. Treatment toxicities were clarified and compared between two groups. Results One hundred and thiry of 194 patients received IC+CCRT. Patients who were younger and with more advanced TNM stage were more likely to receive IC+CCRT and intensive modulated radiotherapy. The addition of IC before CCRT failed to improve survival significantly. The matched analysis identified 43 well-balanced patients in both two groups. With a median follow-up of 51.5 months, no differences were found between the IC+CCRT group and the CCRT group in 5-year OS (83.7% vs. 74.6%, p=0.153), PFS (79.2% vs. 73.4%, p=0.355), LRFS (97.7% vs. 88.2%, p=0.083), and DMFS (81.6% vs. 81.6%, p=0.860). N3 was an independent prognostic factor predicting poorer OS, PFS, and DMFS. The addition of IC was associated with increased rates of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia. Conclusion This study failed to demonstrate that adding IC before CCRT could provide a significant additional survival benefit for LACANPC patients. Further investigations are warranted.

Removal of phenol from gas streams via combined plasma catalysis

Kuan Lun Pan,Dai Ling Chen,Guan Ting Pan,Siewhui Chong,Moo Been Chang 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.52 No.-

A hybrid system consisting of non-thermal plasma and perovskite-like catalyst is developed andevaluated for the effectiveness in removing phenol from gas streams. For thermal catalysis,La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.8Cu0.2O3 shows high activity for phenol removal. Further, La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.8Cu0.2O3 is appliedfor combined plasma catalysis (CPC). The results indicate that phenol removal efficiency with CPCremains 100% at applied voltage range of 13–16 kV. Importantly, secondary pollutants (O3 and NOx) andenergy efficiency can be inhibited and increased, respectively, as CPC is applied. Overall, this studydemonstrates that combining non-thermal plasma with perovskite-like catalyst is effective in removingphenol from gas streams.