SoC 플랫폼에서 다층구조 공유버서의 레이턴시 모델과 해석

조영신,조경록 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2005 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.13 No.1

SoC 설계 기술의 발달로 하나의 칩내에 집적되는 시스템이 다양한 기능을 수행함에 따라 높은 버스 대역폭이 요구되고 있으며, 시스템 버스의 성능이 전체 시스템의 성능에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 논문은 다중 마스터를 갖는 SoC용 플랫폼의 효율적인 버스 자원 관리를 위해 다층 구조를 갖는 공유 버스의 레이턴시 모델을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 버스 시스템 환경에서, 시스템이 단일 전송률 20%와 버스 사용률 50%를 가질 때, 2-layer와 3-layer가 1-layer와 비교하여 각각 약 45%와 약 63%의 레이턴시가 감소하였다. 또한 레이턴시 모델을 통해 버스의 사용량과 전송 방식의 관계를 분석하였다. 끝으로 레이턴시 모델에 버스의 동작 주파수와 데이터의 전송 크기를 대입하여 레이어의 수에 따른 버스 처리량을 구하였다. 구해진 버스 처리량과 MPEG, USB2.0과 같은 IP를 포함하는 SoC플랫폼이 필요로 하는 처리량과의 비교를 통해 IP 수에 적합한 버스 레이어를 정량화하여 특정 SoC플랫폼에 최적인 멀티레이어 구조를 도출하였다. Nowadays a SoC(system-on-a-chip) requires high bandwidth system bus for performing multiple functions. Performance of the system is affected by bandwidth of the system bus. In this paper, for efficient management of the bus resource on a SoC platform, we present a latency model of the shared bus organized by multiple layers. As the results of simulation, the latency of 2-layer and 3-layer bus architecture are reduced 45% and 63% respectively to compare with a single-layer's under the assumed conditions of the proposed model. We could analysis the relationship between a bus usage and a transfer protocol using the proposed model. Finally we evaluate a throughput of the bus and compared with a needed throughput by SoC platform including IPs such as MPEG or USB 2.0. We can use the results as a criteria to find out an optimal bus organization for the specific SoC design.

저전력 비동기회로 설계를 위한 새로운 상태할당 알고리즘

구경회,조경록 충북대학교 컴퓨터 정보통신 연구소 1997 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.5 No.1

In this paper, a new method of a state code assignment for asynchronous circuits design is proposed. To reduce power dissipation, we aim at minimum state transition. The state code is assigned initially with one-hot code and modified it using a transition probability for the single time state transition. As a results, the proposed algorithm has an advantage of 60% over with the conventional code assignment in terms of switching and code length of state assignment.

IoT 기능을 보유한 냉동·냉장 제품의 신뢰성 확보를 위한 시험항목 프레임워크 설계에 관한 연구

조경록 ( Cho Kyoung Rok ),이정재 ( Lee Jung Jae ),이은서 ( Lee Eun-ser ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.10 No.6

최근에 시판 되고 있는 냉동·냉장 가전제품은 사물인터넷(IoT) 기능이 추가된 제품이 출시되고 있으나, IoT 기능에 대한 시험은 거의 없는 실정이다. 특히 기존의 시험체제에서는 IoT 기반의 냉동·냉장 가전제품에 대해 IoT 시험항목이 마련되어 있지 않아 제품을 제조하는 업체의 경우에는 결함이 발생하더라도 원인을 쉽게 찾기가 어려우며, 시험기관의 경우에도 IoT와 관련한 시험항목 선정 및 방법의 부재로 올바른 성능시험 수행에 제약이 있다. 본 논문에서는 가전기기 분야의 제품 중 IoT 기능이 포함된 냉동·냉장 제품의 성능시험 프로세스에서 제품 결함을 찾아내고 그 원인을 식별할 수 있는 시험항목 프레임워크를 설계하고, 이를 이용한 시험방법 및 관리방안을 제안한다. 제안하는 연구를 통해 제조사 및 시험기관은 IoT 기반의 냉동·냉장 제품의 올바른 성능시험이 가능하여, 제품의 완성도를 높이고 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있다. Recently, frozen and refrigerated appliances on the market are being released with additional IoT functions, but there are few tests on IoT functions. In particular, the existing test system does not have IoT test items for IoT-based frozen and refrigerated appliances, making it difficult for companies to find the cause even if defects occur, and test institutions are also restricted from selecting IoT-related test items and conducting correct performance tests. In this paper, we design a test item framework that can identify product defects and identify causes in the performance test process of frozen and refrigerated products with IoT functions among products in the home appliance field, and propose test methods and management measures using them. Through the proposed research, manufacturers and testing institutions can test the correct performance of IoT-based frozen and refrigerated products, thereby enhancing the completeness and securing reliability of the products.

지방육종으로 오인된 후복막강에서 기원한 거대 지방종 1예

이경록 ( Kyoung Rok Lee ),서태진 ( Tae Jin Seo ),조준호 ( Jun Ho Cho ),김형일 ( Hyung Il Kim ),허영회 ( Young Hoi Hur ),조성범 ( Sung Bum Cho ),이완식 ( Wan Sik Lee ),주영은 ( Young Eun Joo ) 대한소화기학회 2010 대한소화기학회지 Vol.55 No.6

Lipomas are the most common benign tumors of adipose tissue among adults. Lipomas can occur almost anywhere in the trunk, extremities, mediastinum, and pelvis, but retroperitoneal lipomas are extremely rare. It should be distinguished from well differentiated liposarcoma in order to provide the appropriate treatment and follow up. We experienced a case of 60-year-old patient with large retroperitoneal lipoma mimicking liposarcoma causing palpable abdominal mass and pain. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) showed 33×22 cm sized bulky fat-containing mass with contrast enhanced solid portion in right retroperitoneum. Positron emission tomograpgy (PET) revealed increased 18F-FDG uptake at solid portion shown in abdominal CT. Imaging studies confirmed a high index of suspicion on liposarcoma. Laparotomy showed a large encapsulating tumor arising from retroperitoneum with fat necrosis. Pathologic examination of resected specimen revealed normal mature adipocytes without atypical cells, compatible with lipoma. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2010;55:394-398)

THE CHANNEL HOLDING TIME DISTRIBUTION IN A CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM WITH SOFT HANDOFF

Moo Ho Cho,Kwang Sik Kim,Go Whan Jin,Cheol Hye Cho,Kyoung Rok Cho 대한전자공학회 1996 대한전자공학회 워크샵 Vol.1996 No.-

ZF 알고리즘과 LMS 알고리즘 이용한 선형등화기의 성능 평가

조웅기(Woong-Ki Cho),장일순(Ill-Soon Chang),김경학(Kyoung-Hak Kim),최용경(Yong-Kyoung Choi),조경록(Kyoung-Rok Cho) 한국통신학회 1997 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1997 No.11

Effects of Geranyl-phloroacetophenone on the Induction of Apoptosis and Chemosensitization of Adriamycin-Resistant MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Cho, Mi-Yeon,Park, Su-Young,Park, Sumin,Lee, Yong Rok,Kwak, Mi-Kyoung,Kim, Jung-Ae 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.5

Polyphenols are known to induce apoptosis in many cancer cells and are proposed to be promising modulators of drug resistance. In the present study, we report that 3-geranyl-phloroacetophenone (3-GAP), a synthetic polyphenol, induces apoptosis and modulates drug resistance. In adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer (MCF-7/ADR) cells, which express a mutant form of p53, 3-GAP induced significant apoptosis, which was accompanied by no change in p53 transcriptional activity, but an increase in Bax expression, cyt c release, and activation of caspase-9, 7, and 3. In addition, 3-GAP significantly decreased the activity and expression level of glutathione S-transferase pi ($GST{\pi}$), a factor that induces drug resistance. Along with $GST{\pi}$ inhibition, 3-GAP also induced a marked depletion of GSH, an endogenous antioxidant. The GST-inhibitory activity of 3-GAP correlated with the sensitization of MCF-7/ADR cells to doxorubicin. Under serum withdrawal conditions, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly decreased the viability of the parent MCF-7 cells but not of MCF-7/ADR cells. In addition, the viability of 3-GAP-treated MCF-7/ADR cells was similar to those of MCF-7 cells treated with SP600125 alone or MCF-7/ADR cells co-treated with SP600125 and 3-GAP. These results indicate that JNK activity in MCF-7/ADR cells is halted by high levels of $GST{\pi}$, and that 3-GAP releases JNK from $GST{\pi}$'s inhibition. In conclusion, 3-GAP induces apoptosis in and sensitizes drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells. These effects are mediated through p53-independent caspase-3 activation and reduction of the capacity for cellular antioxidants, such as $GST{\pi}$ and GSH.

Cytokinin signaling promotes root secondary growth and bud formation in Panax ginseng

Kyoung Rok Geem,Yookyung Lim,Jeongeui Hong,Wonsil Bae,Jinsu Lee,Soeun Han,Jinsu Gil,Hyunwoo Cho,Hojin Ryu The Korean Society of Ginseng 2024 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.48 No.2

Background: Panax ginseng, one of the valuable perennial medicinal plants, stores numerous pharmacological substrates in its storage roots. Given its perennial growth habit, organ regeneration occurs each year, and cambium stem cell activity is necessary for secondary growth and storage root formation. Cytokinin (CK) is a phytohormone involved in the maintenance of meristematic cells for the development of storage organs; however, its physiological role in storage-root secondary growth remains unknown. Methods: Exogenous CK was repeatedly applied to P. ginseng, and morphological and histological changes were observed. RNA-seq analysis was used to elucidate the transcriptional network of CK that regulates P. ginseng growth and development. The HISTIDINE KINASE 3 (PgHK3) and RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (PgRR2) genes were cloned in P. ginseng and functionally analyzed in Arabidopsis as a two-component system involved in CK signaling. Results: Phenotypic and histological analyses showed that CK increased cambium activity and dormant axillary bud formation in P. ginseng, thus promoting storage-root secondary growth and bud formation. The evolutionarily conserved two-component signaling pathways in P. ginseng were sufficient to restore CK signaling in the Arabidopsis ahk2/3 double mutant and rescue its growth defects. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of CK-treated P. ginseng roots revealed that plant-type cell wall biogenesis-related genes are tightly connected with mitotic cell division, cytokinesis, and auxin signaling to regulate CK-mediated P. ginseng development. Conclusion: Overall, we identified the CK signaling-related two-component systems and their physiological role in P. ginseng. This scientific information has the potential to significantly improve the field-cultivation and biotechnology-based breeding of ginseng.

Study on the Sintering Behavior and Microstructure Development of the Powder Injection Molded T42 High-speed Steel

Kyoung-Rok Do,Sung-Hyun Choi,Young-Sam Kwon,Dong-Wook Park,Kwon-Koo Cho,안인섭 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.6

HSS has high strength, wear resistance, and hardness together with an appreciable toughness and fatigue resistance. PIM has received attention owing to its ability to shape without additional processes. The experimental spec-imens were manufactured using PIM with T42 powders (59 vol.%) and polymer (41 vol.%). The green parts were solvent debound in n-Hexane at 60 °C for 24 hours and further thermally debound in a N2-H2 mixed gas atmosphere for 18 hours. The specimens were then sintered in a vacuum (10-5mtorr), hydrogen and nitrogen gas atmosphere. In the vacuum, the specimen sintered at 1240 °C had the highest hardness at 520 Hv. In this condition, the carbides were well-distributed and located in the grain. The grain size was 10 µm,and the carbide size was 1 µm. When sintering in a vacuum at over 1260 °C, the carbides converted to eutectic carbide and were located at the grain boundary. Grain growth was observed. The specimens sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere had a lower density and hardness than that produced in the vacuum.

Sciatic nerve neurolymphomatosis as the initial presentation of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a rare cause of leg weakness

( Kyoung Tae Kim ),( Se Il Kim ),( Young Rok Do ),( Hye Ra Jung ),( Jang Hyuk Cho ) 영남대학교 의과대학 2021 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.38 No.3

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is defined as the involvement of the peripheral nervous system in lymphocytic invasion. It is a very rare form of lymphoma that may occur as an initial presentation or recurrence. It affects various peripheral nervous structures and can therefore mimic disc-related nerve root pathology or compressive mononeuropathy. NL often occurs in malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Notwithstanding its aggressiveness or intractability, NL should be discriminated from other neurologic complications of lymphoma. Herein, we present a case of primary NL as the initial presentation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the sciatic nerve. The patient presented with weakness and pain in his left leg but had no obvious lesion explaining the neurologic deficit on initial lumbosacral and knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). NL of the left sciatic nerve at the greater sciatic foramen was diagnosed based on subsequent hip MRI, electrodiagnostic test, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and nerve biopsy findings. Leg weakness slightly improved after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report a case wherein NL, a rare cause of leg weakness, manifested as the initial presentation of primary DLBCL involving the sciatic nerve at the greater sciatic foramen.