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Lee, Changkeun,Kwon, Bong-Oh,Hong, Seongjin,Noh, Junsung,Lee, Junghyun,Ryu, Jongseong,Kang, Seong-Gil,Khim, Jong Seong Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.241 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The potential leakage from marine CO<SUB>2</SUB> storage sites is of increasing concern, but few studies have evaluated the probable adverse effects on marine organisms. Fish, one of the top predators in marine environments, should be an essential representative species used for water column toxicity testing in response to waterborne CO<SUB>2</SUB> exposure. In the present study, we conducted fish life cycle toxicity tests to fully elucidate CO<SUB>2</SUB> toxicity mechanism effects. We tested sub-lethal and lethal toxicities of elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations on marine medaka (<I>Oryzias melastigma</I>) at different developmental stages. At each developmental stage, the test species was exposed to varying concentrations of gaseous CO<SUB>2</SUB> (control air, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), with 96 h of exposure at 0–4 d (early stage), 4–8 d (middle stage), and 8–12 d (late stage). Sub-lethal and lethal effects, including early developmental delays, cardiac edema, tail abnormalities, abnormal pigmentation, and mortality were monitored daily during the 14 d exposure period. At the embryonic stage, significant sub-lethal and lethal effects were observed at pH < 6.30. Hypercapnia can cause long-term and/or delayed developmental embryonic problems, even after transfer back to clean seawater. At fish juvenile and adult stages, significant mortality was observed at pH < 5.70, indicating elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> exposure might cause various adverse effects, even during short-term exposure periods. It should be noted the early embryonic stage was found more sensitive to CO<SUB>2</SUB> exposure than other developmental stages of the fish life cycle. Overall, the present study provided baseline information for potential adverse effects of high CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration exposure on fish developmental processes at different life cycle stages in marine ecosystems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Adverse effects of elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> varied cross developmental stages of marine medaka. </LI> <LI> Embryo developmental delay to elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> showed in concentration-dependent manner. </LI> <LI> Middle stage of development was the most sensitive period to CO<SUB>2</SUB> exposure for mortality. </LI> <LI> Despite transfer to clean water, CO<SUB>2</SUB> exposed embryos could not be recovered. </LI> <LI> Key symptoms by elevated CO<SUB>2</SUB> exposure encompassed mortality and cardiac edema. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
조동인(Dongin Cho),박창근(ChangKeun Park),박지영(Jiyoung Park),강진원(Jinwon Kang) 한국기술혁신학회 2019 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
현재 국제사회에서 논의되는 중요한 의제 중 하나로 기후변화 문제를 들 수 있다. 기후변화로 발생하는 영향을 지역수준에서 평가하고 그에 따른 적응대책을 적절하게 수립하기 위해서는 기후변화 대책에 대한 평가가 전제되어야 한다. 이를 위해 다양한 기후변화 적응대책 평가 방법론이 제안되고 있으나, 평가 관련 신뢰성 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법론이 부족하다. 이와 같은 상황에서 본 연구의 목적은 기후변화에 따른 미래 예측 시 각 지역별 및 부문별 적응대책의 평가 결과를 활용하는데 신뢰성을 제공할 수 있도록 표준화된 신뢰도 평가체계 방법론을 제안하는 것이다. 본 연구는 다양한 정성적 혹은 정량적 방법과 함께 현실내재적 메커니즘을 활용하여 평가체계의 신뢰도 평가 모형을 개발 할 때, 신뢰도 평가가 탄력적으로 고려될 수 있도록 구성하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 통합적 평가방법론의 신뢰도 평가체계는 기후변화로 인한 다양한 대응책 평가에 대해 신뢰도를 제공하기 때문에 평가된 결과를 기후변화 적응대책에 실질적으로 적용할 수 있는 근거가 될 것으로 기대한다. 이러한 신뢰도 평가모형은 향후 기후변화 대응책의 신뢰성을 표준화해서 국내 실정에 맞는 적응정책 신뢰도 평가가 가능하게 할 것이다. 또한 한국형 기후변화 적응대책 수립 및 평가 시 과학적 근거에 기반을 둔 신뢰성을 제공한다는 측면이 본 연구의 중요성을 강조한다. Climate change is one of most dominantly discussed issues in the world. Evaluating the effect of climate change at a regional level and setting up an appropriate adaptation policy for issues associated with climate change require a proper evaluation process on the climate change adaptation projects implemented already. Although various evaluation approaches to climate change adaptation programs have been proposed, it is rare to find a proper systematic approach to evaluating the reliability on climate change adaptation programs. Under the current situation on the system to evaluate climate change adaptation programs, the purpose of this study is to suggest a theoretical and standardized evaluation system on the reliability of climate change adaptation programs. The new approach suggested in this paper will be appropriate when requiring a confidence level for adaptation programs that are especially localized and categorized. Using various quantified and qualified evaluation methods with the inherent reality mechanism, we provide a conceptual framework to measure the reliability of climate change adaptation programs with the flexible adjustment process. Via the proposed framework, it is possible to provide the confidence level on the results collected from the evaluation systems and construct a standardized, system-wide assement procedure toward climate change adaptation policies. By applying this approach for a scientific evidence on the reliability of climate change adaptation policies, appropriate and efficient climate change adaptation programs will be properly prepared for and implemented in Korea.
Review of the chemistry of first-generation Tau PET tracers
Farag, Ahmed Karam,Im, Changkeun,Kang, Choong Mo,Lee, Yong Jin Korean Society of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecul 2020 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.6 No.1
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the challenging conditions that have no cure, yet early diagnosis can help to control the disease. PET imaging of tau has several advantages, such as being a noninvasive, safe diagnostic technique that correlates directly with the disease progression. Many tau tracers have been reported to date; however, the chemical scaffolds of them fall in a narrow chemical window, and none was approved yet as none is entirely selective and sensitive to tau. These problems are being solved as new tracers emerge constantly. In this report, the first-generation tau tracers such as [<sup>11</sup>C]PBB3, 2-arylquinoline (THK) series, [<sup>18</sup>F]T808, and [<sup>18</sup>F]AV-1451 ([<sup>18</sup>F]T807) are reviewed from an organic and radiochemistry perspective; thus the most effective chemical approach to synthesize these tracers is discussed. This would help to design novel tracers which can meet the challenges faced by the current tracers.