Correlation between skeletal and dental changes after mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment

Chang-Hoon Rhee,Youn-Kyung Choi,Yong-Il Kim,Seong-Sik Kim,Soo-Byung Park,Woo-Sung Son 대한치과교정학회 2015 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Objective: To investigate skeletal and dental changes after application of a mandibular setback surgery-first orthodontic treatment approach in cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: A retrospective study of 34 patients (23 men, 11 women; mean age, 26.2 ± 6.6 years) with skeletal Class III deformities, who underwent surgery-first orthodontic treatment, was conducted. Skeletal landmarks in the maxilla and mandible at three time points, pre-treatment (T0), immediate-postoperative (T1), and post-treatment (T2), were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated half-cephalograms. Results: The significant T0 to T1 mandibular changes occurred ?9.24 ± 3.97 mm horizontally. From T1 to T2, the mandible tended to move forward 1.22 ± 2.02 mm, while the condylar position (Cd to Po-perpendicular plane) shifted backward, and the coronoid process (Cp to FH plane) moved vertically. Between T1 and T2, the vertical dimension changed significantly (p < 0.05). Changes in the vertical dimension were significantly correlated to T1 to T2 changes in the Cd to Po-perpendicular plane (r = ?0.671, p = 0.034), and in the Cp to FH plane (r = 0.733, p = 0.016), as well as to T0 to T1 changes in the Cp to Poperpendicular plane (r = 0.758, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Greater alterations in the vertical dimension caused larger post-treatment (T2) stage skeletal changes. Studying the mandibular position in relation to the post-surgical vertical dimension emphasized the integral importance of vertical dimension control and proximal segment management to the success of surgery-first orthodontic treatment.

Association of Change in Smoking Status and Subsequent Weight Change with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Jeong Seogsong,Oh Yun Hwan,Choi Seulggie,Chang Jooyoung,Kim Sung Min,Park Sun Jae,Cho Yoosun,Son Joung Sik,Lee Gyeongsil,Park Sang Min 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.1

Background/Aims: Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association of a weight change after a change in smoking status and the risk of NAFLD remains undetermined. Methods: This study used the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Based on the first (2009 to 2010) and second (2011 to 2012) health examination periods, 139,180 adults aged at least 40 years were divided into nonsmoking, smoking cessation, smoking relapse, and sustained smoking groups. NAFLD was operationally defined using the fatty liver index. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Compared to nonsmoking with no body mass index (BMI) change, the risk of NAFLD was significantly increased among subjects with BMI gain and nonsmoking (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.77 to 4.39), smoking cessation (aOR, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.12 to 7.40), smoking relapse (aOR, 7.51; 95% CI, 4.81 to 11.72), and sustained smoking (aOR, 6.65; 95% CI, 5.33 to 8.29), whereas the risk of NAFLD was reduced among participants with BMI loss in all smoking status groups. In addition, smoking cessation (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.29) and sustained smoking (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.94) were associated with higher risk of NAFLD among participants with no BMI change. The liver enzyme levels were higher among participants with smoking cessation and BMI gain. Conclusions: Monitoring and management of weight change after a change in smoking status may be a promising approach to reducing NAFLD.

A New MPEG-2 Rate Control Scheme Using Scene Change Detection

Park, Sang-Gyu,Lee, Young-Sun,Chang, Hyun-Sik Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 1996 ETRI Journal Vol.18 No.2

We propose two new rate control schemes to improve MPEG-2 rate control in view of visual quality when scene changes happen. Two proposed schemes are characterized by real-time and non real-time improvement to reduce the impact of scene changes. We also propose a new target-bit prediction method using spatial activity of pictures and present a simple and efficient scene change detection scheme using signed difference of mean absolute difference (MAD). Computer simulation results show that the proposed real-time algorithm effectively alleviates visual quality degradation after scene changes. The proposed non real-time algorithm gives maximum 2 dB improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at a scene-changed picture, compared with MPEG-2 rate control scheme and it shows better quality than the real-time one.

A new approach to modeling the effects of temperature fluctuations on monthly electricity demand

Chang, Yoosoon,Kim, Chang Sik,Miller, J. Isaac,Park, Joon Y.,Park, Sungkeun Elsevier 2016 ENERGY ECONOMICS Vol.60 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We propose a novel approach to measure and analyze the short-run effect of temperature on monthly sectoral electricity demand. This effect is specified as a function of the density of temperatures observed at a high frequency with a functional coefficient, in contrast to conventional methods using a function of monthly heating and cooling degree days. Our approach also allows non-climate variables to influence the short-run demand response to temperature changes. Our methodology is demonstrated using Korean electricity demand data for residential and commercial sectors. In the residential sector, we do not find evidence that the non-climate variables affect the demand response to temperature. In contrast, we show conclusive evidence that the non-climate variables influence the demand response in the commercial sector. In particular, commercial consumers are less responsive to cold temperatures when controlling for the electricity price relative to city gas. They are more responsive to the price when temperatures are cold. The estimated effect of the time trend suggests that seasonality of commercial demand has increased in the winter but decreased in the summer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Estimate and identify temperature effects in a short-run electricity demand function. </LI> <LI> A new approach using temperature densities to estimate a cross-temperature response. </LI> <LI> Allow non-climate variables to influence the short-run demand response to temperature changes. </LI> <LI> Non-climate variables influence the demand response in the commercial sector of Korean electricity market. </LI> </UL> </P>

Interferon-γ Inhibits in vitro Mobilization of Eosinophils by Interleukin-5

Park, Choon-Sik,Choi, Eun Nam,Kim, Jung Sun,Choi, Yun Sung,Rhim, Tai Youn,Chang, Hun Soo,Chung, Il Yup S. Karger AG 2005 International archives of allergy and immunology Vol.136 No.3

<P><I>Background:</I> Th2 cytokines play pivotal roles in allergic inflammation, including eosinophilia, and their actions are antagonized by Th1 cytokines, conferring them therapeutic potential. <I>Methods:</I> In this study, we examined the ability of a number of cytokines to suppress the activation of eosinophils that function as effector cells for allergic airway diseases. <I>Results:</I> Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced an eosinophil shape change, whereas interferon (IFN)-γ significantly inhibited the shape change. Other cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, had little or only slightly enhancing or reducing effects on the shape change. We further analyzed the IFN-γ effect, showing that pretreatment with IFN-γ strongly suppressed IL-5-induced eosinophil shape change, and cycloheximide (CHX) abrogated the suppression by IFN-γ, suggesting that new protein synthesis is required for the inhibitory effect by this cytokine. In agreement with these results, IFN-γ blocked the eosinophil migration and ERK phophorylation induced by IL-5, and the addition of CHX restored eosinophil chemotaxis. <I>Conclusions:</I> Collectively, IFN-γ may attenuate eosinophilic inflammation by directly negating eosinophil mobilization.</P><P>Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

조명과 환경 변화에 강건한 화염 검출 시스템

박수창(Park Sool-Chang),박장식(Park Jang-Sik),손경식(Son Kyong-Sik) 한국콘텐츠학회 2005 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

본 논문에서는 주변 조명과 환경의 변화에 대하여 강건한 화염 검출 방법을 제안한다. RGB 색 좌표계에서 화염과 조명의 색 특성을 분석하여 주변색과 화염을 분리할 수 있고 조명에 강건한 임계값을 설정한다. 그리고 화염은 발생 후 동적인 변화를 가지므로 평균 히스토그램 차는 조명과 환경 변화에 강건한 화염 검출을 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 화염 영역 내부의 픽셀 수의 변화를 계산하여 화염을 인지하도록 한다. 실험 결과 제안한 방법은 실시간 처리가 가능하고 조명과 환경 변화에 불구하고 화염 검출 성능이 우수함을 보인다. In this paper we introduce a fire-detection system which is robust to light sources and environment changing. We can decide the threshold values that classify the regions between a fire flame and light sources by analyzing them in RGB color space. The mean histogram difference technique make it possible to extract flame region more efficient because fire flame is continuously changing after it occurs. In order to detect flame region, this paper proposes to count fire pixels.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Cordyceps militaris Cultivated on Germinated Soybeans

Yoo Chang-Hyuk,Sadat Md. Abu,Kim Wonjae,Park Tae-Sik,Park Dong Ki,Choi Jaehyuk 한국균학회 2022 Mycobiology Vol.50 No.1

The ascomycete fungus Cordyceps militaris infects lepidopteran larvae and pupae and forms characteristic fruiting bodies. Owing to its immune-enhancing effects, the fungus has been used as a medicine. For industrial application, this fungus can be grown on geminated soy- beans as an alternative protein source. In our study, we performed a comprehensive tran- scriptomic analysis to identify core gene sets during C. militaris cultivation on germinated soybeans. RNA-Seq technology was applied to the fungal cultures at seven-time points (2, 4, and 7-day and 2, 3, 5, 7-week old cultures) to investigate the global transcriptomic change. We conducted a time-series analysis using a two-step regression strategy and chose 1460 significant genes and assigned them into five clusters. Characterization of each cluster based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases revealed that transcription profiles changed after two weeks of incubation. Gene mapping of cordycepin biosynthesis and isoflavone modification pathways also confirmed that gene expression in the early stage of GSC cultivation is important for these metabolic pathways. Our transcrip- tomic analysis and selected genes provided a comprehensive molecular basis for the cultiva- tion of C. militaris on germinated soybeans.

Age-Associated Changes in the Vascular Renin-Angiotensin System in Mice

Yoon, Hye Eun,Kim, Eun Nim,Kim, Min Young,Lim, Ji Hee,Jang, In-Ae,Ban, Tae Hyun,Shin, Seok Joon,Park, Cheol Whee,Chang, Yoon Sik,Choi, Bum Soon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol.2016 No.-

<P><I>Background</I>. This study evaluated whether the change in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is associated with arterial aging in mice.<I> Methods</I>. Histologic changes and expressions of transforming growth factor-<I>β</I> (TGF-<I>β</I>), collagen IV,<I> fibronectin</I>, angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), prorenin receptor (PRR), Mas receptor (MasR), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxidase 2 and oxidase 4 (Nox2 and Nox4), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),<I> 3-nitrotyrosine</I>, and superoxide dismutase 1 and dismutase 2 (SOD1 and SOD2) were measured in the thoracic aortas from 2-month-old, 12-month-old, and 24-month-old C57/BL6 mice.<I> Results</I>. Twenty-four-month-old mice showed significantly increased aortic media thickness and expressions of TGF-<I>β</I>, collagen IV, and fibronectin, compared to 2-month-old and 12-month-old mice. The expressions of PRR, ACE, and Ang II, and AT1R-positive area significantly increased, whereas expressions of ACE2 and MasR and AT2R-positive area decreased with age. The expressions of phosphorylated serine<SUP>1177</SUP>-eNOS, SOD1, and SOD2 decreased, and the 8-OHdG-positive area and the 3-nitrotyrosine-positive area increased with age. The expression of Nox2 significantly increased with age, but that of Nox4 did not change.<I> Conclusions</I>. The enhanced PRR-ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis and reduced ACE2-MasR axis were associated with arterial aging in mice. </P>

흰쥐 난소에서 황체내 큰포식세포에 관한 형태학적 연구 : 면역조직화학적 및 투과전자현미경적 연구

김원식,한승로,조근자,김수일,박창식 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

황체는 임신의 수립과 유지에 필수적인 일시적인 내분비샘으로, 주기능을 발정주기의 생리적 기간을 결정하고 성공적인 임신을 달성하는데 결정적인 프로게스테론의 생산이다. 황체의 기능은 뇌하수체 gonadotropin 뿐만 아니라 황체내 큰포식세포에서 분비되는 TNF-α를 포함한 몇가지 cytokines에 의해 조절되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley계통)에서 생식주기별 황체내 큰포식세포의 변화를 면역조직화학적 및 투과전자현미경적으로 관찰 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 흰쥐 황체에서 큰포식세포는 배란기,임신기 및 출산후기 등 모든 시기에 나타나고,그 수와 면역반응성은 배란기에 가장 컸고 출산후기,임신기 순으로 나타났다. 아울러 투과전자현미경 관찰에서는 황체내 큰포식세포를 세포체가 가늘고 돌기가 긴 비포식성 큰포식세포와 포식성 공포와 지방소체들을 많이 함유한 포식성 콘포식세포로 분류할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 황체내 콘포식세포는 발정주기에 따라 그 수나 면역반응성이 다르며,황체퇴화가 활발히 진행되는 배란기와 출산후기에 면역반응성이 증가하고 포식성 큰식세포들이 나타난 것은 큰포식세포에서 TNF-α 와 같은 cytokines의 분비를 활발히 일으키고 그들이 황체세포들의 세포자멸사를 유발,촉진하고 또한 세포자멸 사소체들을 포식,제거하는 방법으로 황체퇴화를 유도하여 정상적인 발정주기를 유지하기 위한 기전으로 생각 되고,임신기에 큰 포식세포의 수와 면역반응성이 작아지고 비포식성 큰포식세포가 주를 이루는 것은 이들이 TNF-α 동의 cytokines 분비를 통해 그들이 황체자극효과를 나타내 황체의 기능을 유지,촉진하는데만 관여하고,한편으로는 황체에서 생산되는 프로게스테론에 의한 큰포식세포 억제작용 때문인 것으로 생각된다. Macrophages in the corpus luteum have many important roles during the periods of functional development and luteal regression. Not only phagocyte the apoptotic luteal cells, but also they secrete many cytokines and exert their effects via autocrine/paracrine actions. In this study, we investigated the changes of number and immunoreactivity of macrophages at various developmental periods of the corpus luteum in the rat ovary. The rats (Sprague- Dawley strain, female) at age of 8 weeks (ovulatory period), GD 6 (pregnant period), and postpartum 5 days (postpartum period) were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and obtained both ovaries, one used for macrophages immunohistochemistry and the other used for TEM. The results were as follows; I. In the corpora lutea of the rat, macrophages were observed all the developmental periods including ovulatory, pregnant and postpartum periods. 2. In the corpora lutea of the rat, number of macrophages was highest in the ovulatory period, and decreased at postpartum period and pregnant period in order. The immunoreactivity of macrophages was high at ovulatory period, moderate at postpartum period, and low at pregnant period. 3. In TEM observations, two types of macro phages were observed: One type was non-phagocytic macrophage and the other type was phagocytic macrophage. Phagocytic macrophages were observed in the corpora lutea at ovulatory and postpartum periods and contained apoptotic bodies, phagocytic vacuoles and many lipid droplets. Non-phagocytic macrophages were observed in the corpora lutea at pregnancy period and showed slender cell body with long cytoplasmic processes and contained no apoptotic bodies. In the rat, the number and the degree of immunoreactivity of macrophages in the corpus luteum varied with the changes of functional state of the corpus luteum. It was suggested that the main function of the macrophages at the ovulatory and postpartum periods was elimination of apoptotic luteal cells and that at pregnancy period was autocrine/paracrine action. Ultrastructurally, two types, phagocytic and nonphagocytic types, of macrophages confirmed. These results will provide valuable informations on the study of the role macrophages during development and regression of corpus luteum.