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심성흠 ( Sung Heum Sim ),감철우 ( Cheol Woo Kam ),김진영 ( Jin Young Kim ),백상인 ( Sang In Baek ),이병권 ( Byung Gwon Lee ),손호영 ( Ho Young Son ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4
Objectives: The object of this study is to report on the theory of Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture Therapy. Methods: The theory of Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture Therapy(OHAT; 五行和針法) is a part of the Five Elements Theory unique to Korea. This research Classic of Difficulty Issues-Nan Jing review Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture Therapy. Results: OHAT, created and developed by Jae-hoon Song, integrates the victor-vanquished as well as the son-mother relationship of the Five Elements of breakdown and restoration of balance between yin and yang. And also, it provides resources and data on The seventy fifth Nan(75難), The sixty ninth Nan(69難) of Classic of Difficulty Issues-Nan Jin 75, 69. OHAT establishes objectiveness and accuracy of diagnosis based upon the traditional method and procedure of pulse taking. In OHAT, a person`s state of illness is diagnosed by applying the comparative examination of the palpitation of the pulse. It is the fact that the pulse varies according to the state, and that OHAT treatment has proven the positive results by using the victor-vanquished relationship on The Nan Jin 75. On the basis of this, it is necessary to add the sixty ninth Nan(69難), to research the theory of the generation of the Five Element. Conclusions: Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture is very effective in treating the wide range of illness, and thus it has gained an increasing attention of many scholars and practitioners in the field of traditional Korean oriental medicine. However, it is the first theoretical attempt to the clinical research and scientific methodology of Ohaeng(Five) Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture, and more active Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture R&D is being conducted nationwide.
ACCRETION PROPERTIES OF HIGH- AND LOW-EXCITATION YOUNG RADIO GALAXIES
Son, Donghoon,Woo, Jong-Hak,Kim, Sang Chul,Fu, Hai,Kawakatu, Nozomu,Bennert, Vardha N.,Nagao, Tohru,Park, Daeseong IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.757 No.2
<P>Young radio galaxies (YRGs) provide an ideal laboratory to explore the connection between the accretion disk and radio jet thanks to their recent jet formation. We investigate the relationship between the emission-line properties, the black hole accretion rate, and the radio properties using a sample of 34 low-redshift (z < 0.4) YRGs. We classify YRGs as high-excitation galaxies (HEGs) and low-excitation galaxies (LEGs) based on the flux ratio of high-ionization to low-ionization emission lines. Using the H alpha luminosities as a proxy of accretion rate, we find that HEGs in YRGs have similar to 1 dex higher Eddington ratios than LEGs in YRGs, suggesting that HEGs have a higher mass accretion rate or higher radiative efficiency than LEGs. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the luminosities of emission lines, in particular H alpha, are correlated with radio core luminosity, suggesting that accretion and young radio activities are fundamentally connected.</P>
A Case Report of Canine Complex Mammary Gland Tumor
Sung Jin Cho,Min-Woo Son,Jeong-Rae Rho,Okjin Kim 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.3
In comparative pathology, canine mammary tumor has given special interest because of their similarities with human breast cancer. Complex gland tumors are uncommon in the human breast, but they are found most frequently in the mammary gland tumors of the female dogs and in the human salivary glands. This study describes a canine complex mammary gland tumor with rapid proliferation. Staging of the tumors were evaluated by physical examination including tumor-node-metastasis system. Bilateral mastectomy was selected and histopathological examination was performed to determine the final diagnosis. Histopathologically, the tumors are composed of the epithelial neoplastic cells forming tubules of various size and shapes and myoepithelial cells. Thus, they were diagnosed as a malignant canine complex mammary gland tumor. On our knowledge, this case was very rare and interesting as a case of enormous mammary tumors with a rapid proliferation.
Sang-Rae Lee,Yong-Hoon Lee,Kyoung-Min Kim,Sung-Woo Kim,Kang-Jin Jung,Young-Hyun Kim,Hwa-Young Son,Kyu-Tae Chang 한국실험동물학회 2010 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.26 No.4
Rectal prolapse is a protrusion of one or more layers of the rectum through the anus. A 5-year-old laboratory cynomolgus monkey who had suffered from recurrent diarrhea died after surgical resection of a prolapsed rectum. On examination, the prolapsed rectum was a cylinder-shaped tissue whose surface was moist and dark red with a small amount of hemorrhage. Histologically, the rectum was characterized by a segmental to diffuse cellular infiltration in the submucosa and muscle layers. Inflammation in the rectum resulted in irritation of the myenteric plexus, which could cause hypermotility of the intestines, leading to chronic diarrhea. Rectal prolapse would result in economical loss or death of laboratory animals. However, rectal prolapse in the laboratory monkey could be easily overlooked because diarrhea or other symptoms resulting from rectal prolapse could be sometimes misunderstood as a primary problem. Therefore, researchers should suspect rectal prolapse if intestinal symptoms in the laboratory monkey are untreatable.
Son, Jimin,Cho, Yong Woo,Woo, Youn Jung,Baek, Young Ae,Kim, Eun Jee,Cho, Yuri,Kim, Joon Ye,Kim, Beom Seok,Song, Jason Jungsik,Ha, Sang-Jun 한국조명·전기설비학회 2019 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P>During virus infection, T cells must be adapted to activation and lineage differentiation states via metabolic reprogramming. Whereas effector CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells preferentially use glycolysis for their rapid proliferation, memory CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells utilize oxidative phosphorylation for their homeostatic maintenance. Particularly, enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity promotes the memory T cell response through different pathways. However, the level of AMPK activation required for optimal memory T cell differentiation remains unclear. A new metformin derivative, IM156, formerly known as HL156A, has been reported to ameliorate various types of fibrosis and inhibit <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> tumors by inducing AMPK activation more potently than metformin. Here, we evaluated the <I>in vivo</I> effects of IM156 on antigen-specific CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells during their effector and memory differentiation after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Unexpectedly, our results showed that <I>in vivo</I> treatment of IM156 exacerbated the memory differentiation of virus-specific CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells, resulting in an increase in short-lived effector cells but decrease in memory precursor effector cells. Thus, IM156 treatment impaired the function of virus-specific memory CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells, indicating that excessive AMPK activation weakens memory T cell differentiation, thereby suppressing recall immune responses. This study suggests that metabolic reprogramming of antigen-specific CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells by regulating the AMPK pathway should be carefully performed and managed to improve the efficacy of T cell vaccine.</P>
Effect of hydro co-extrusion on microstructure of duo-cast Al 3003/Al 4004 clad materials
SON, In-Soo,LEE, Sang-Pill,LEE, Jin-Kyung,KIM, Woo-Cheol,MOON, Ji-Seon,LEE, Sangmok,LEE, Jong-Sup,KIM, Yong-Bae,LEE, Geun-Ahn,BAE, Dong-Su Elsevier 2014 Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China Vol.24 No.suppl1
<i>Ex vivo</i> imaging of basal cell carcinoma using synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray microscopy
Son, Sang Wook,Park, Sang Yong,Man Park, Gyu,Ha, Seung Han,Lee, Gun Woo,Lee, On Seok,Hwu, Yeukuang,Kim, Ae Ree,Je, Jung Ho,Oh, Chil Hwan Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 SKIN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.14 No.1
<P>Background/aims</P><P>There is a need for development of non-invasive methods to improve early diagnosis and screening of suspected malignant lesions. Phase-contrast X-ray microscopy (PCXM) has potential to reveal the structures inside soft tissues, and fine details can be observed without any staining or contrast-enhancing cell preparation. We aimed to investigate the possibility that PCXM can be used to explore the microscopic details of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).</P><P>Methods</P><P>Paraffin blocks of specimens from patients with basal cell carcinoma were cut with 30 μm thickness for PCXM imaging. Experiments were performed at the International Consortium of Phase Contrast Imaging and Radiology (ICPCIR) (7B2) beamline of the Pohang light source in Korea. The PCXM images were achieved by using coherent hard X-rays from a synchrotron source with no monochromatization.</P><P>Results</P><P>We could obtain images with clear edge enhancement by PCXM. The images taken with this technique showed clear anatomic details of organelles in normal skin such as epidermis, dermis and skin appendages. Most of cancerous lesions were clearly differentiated from adjacent normal tissues and the images closely corresponded to those obtained with low-magnification optical microscopy.</P><P>Conclusion</P><P>In this pilot study, we successfully demonstrated that synchrotron PCXM could be used for radiological imaging of BCC with great anatomic details.</P>
Tannin-Titanium Oxide Multilayer as a Photochemically Suppressed Ultraviolet Filter
Son, Ho Yeon,Koo, Bon Il,Lee, Jun Bae,Kim, Kyeong Rak,Kim, Woojin,Jang, Jihui,Yoon, Moung Seok,Cho, Jae-Woo,Nam, Yoon Sung American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.32
<P>UV filters can initiate redox reactions of oxygen and water when exposed to sunlight, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that deteriorate the products containing them and cause biological damages. This photochemical reactivity originates from the high chemical potential of UV filters, which also determines the optical properties desirable for sunscreen applications. We hypothesize that this dilemma can be alleviated if the photochemical pathway of UV filters is altered to coupling with redox active molecules. Here, we employ tannic acid (TA) as a key molecule for controlling the photochemical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs). TA provides an unusual way for layer-by-layer assembly of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs by the formation of a ligand-to-metal charge transfer complex that alters the nature of UV absorption of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> NPs. The galloyl moieties of TA efficiently scavenge ROS due to the stabilization of ROS by intramolecular hydrogen bonding while facilitating UV screening through direct charge injection from TA to the conduction band of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-TA multilayers assembled in open porous polymer microspheres substantially increased sun protection while dramatically reducing ROS under UV exposure. The assembled structure exhibits excellent in vivo anti-UV skin protection against epidermal hyperplasia, inflammation, and keratinocyte apoptosis without long-term toxicity.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>