스포츠센터 강사들의 조직공정성 인식과 조직변화저항, 혁신행동의 영향관계

서효민 ( Hyo Min Seo ),김태희 ( Tae Hee Kim ),장경로 ( Kyung Ro Chang ) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2015 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 스포츠센터 강사들이 지각하는 조직공정성과 조직변화저항, 그리고 혁신행동의 영향관계를 규명하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 서울·경기 지역의 스포츠센터에 종사하는 스포츠강사 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 234부의 자료가 실제분석에 사용되었다. 자료처리를 위해 SPSS 18.0 프로그램과 AMOS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 절차공정성은 조직변화저항에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면에 분배공정성은 조직변화저항에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분배공정성과 절차공정성 모두 혁신행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조직변화저항은 혁신행동에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 조직변화저항은 절차공정성과 혁신행동의 관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 스포츠센터 강사들의 혁신행동을 증대시키기 위해서는 조직공정성의 확보와 조직변화에 대한 저항 관리가 매우 중요하다는 사실을 확인하였으며, 이는 스포츠센터 내 혁신역량 강화를 위한 중요한 이론적 근거가 될 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived organizational Justice, resistance to organizational change, and Innovative behavior of sports center instructors. Specially, We examined the mediating effects of resistance to organizational change between organizational justice and innovative behavior. Total 300 questionnaires were distributed and 234 samples were used for practical analysis. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results of this study were as followers: first, procedural justice had a negative effect on resistance to organizational change, but distributive justice had no significant effect on resistance to organizational change. Seconds, distributive justice and procedural justice had a positive effect on innovative behavior. Third, resistance to organizational change had a negative effect on innovative behavior. Fourth, the relationship between procedural justice and innovative behavior was partially mediated by resistance to organizational change. In conclusion, we confirmed that enhancing the organizational justice and managing the resistance to organizational change are important for sports instructor`s innovative behavior and it can provide the theoretical basis for strengthening innovation capability of sport organization.

Down-regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 expression by unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Seo, Jeong-Min,Lee, Ji-Young,Ji, Geun-Eog,You, Ji-Chang Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.9

We have investigated the effect of various forms of phosphodiester cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with the CpG ODNs increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase but not interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$). We also investigated the effect of CpG ODNs on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) genes which are known to facilitate cholesterol efflux from macrophages for anti-atherosclerosis. CpG 2006 significantly reduced the levels of ABCG1 mRNA as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas ABCA1 mRNA level was not changed. Western blot analysis further confirmed the reduction of ABCG1 protein expression by CpG 2006. In addition, we also determined the protein level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), which is recognized as a transcriptional activator of ABC transporters, was also reduced by CpG 2006. Thus, these results suggest that ABCG1 is specifically down-regulated by CpG 2006 in a PPAR${\gamma}$-dependent manner in macrophages.

Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme could Greatly Contribute to Insulin Down-regulation Induced by Short-Term Swimming Exercise

Min Sun Kim,Jun Seo Goo,Ji Eun Kim,So Hee Nam,Sun Il Choi,Hye Ryun Lee,In Sik Hwang,Sun Bo Shim,Seung Wan Jee,Su Hae Lee,Chang Joon Bae,Jung Sik Cho,Jun Yong Cho,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.1

Exercise training is highly correlated with the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although it enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and glucose transporter expression to reduce severity of diabetic symptoms. This study investigated the impact of short-term swimming exercise on insulin regulation in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a non-obese model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Wistar (W/S) and GK rats were trained 2 hours daily with the swimming exercise for 4 weeks, and then the changes in the metabolism of insulin and glucose were assessed. Body weight was markedly decreased in the exercised GK rats compare to their non-exercised counterpart, while W/S rats did not show any exercise-related changes. Glucose concentration was not changed by exercise, although impaired glucose tolerance was improved in GK rats 120 min after glucose injection. However, insulin concentration was decreased by swimming exercise as in the decrease of GSIS after running exercise. To identify the other cause for exercise-induced insulin down-regulation, the changes in the levels of key factors involved in insulin production (C-peptide) and clearance (insulin-degrading enzyme; IDE) were measured in W/S and GK rats. The C-peptide level was maintained while IDE expression increased markedly. Therefore, these results showed that insulin down-regulation induced by short-term swimming exercise likely attributes to enhanced insulin clearance via IDE over-expression than by altered insulin production.

중부지역 옥수수 파종기에 따른 생육단계 및 수량성 변화

서종호, 문중경, 정건호, 서민정, 구자환, 박장환, 배환희, 신성휴, 권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

Maize hybrids were planted on April 1, April 25, May 20 and June 15 in 2012, 2013 at the experimental paddy and upland fields in Suwon city , respectively to know changes of growth stage and yield according to different planting time. Maize planting on April 1 was not recommended because total growing days at planting on April 1 was not different with that at planting on April 25 due to many days from planting to emergence over 20 days at planting on April 1. Total growing days were not much different among three planting time after April 25 because days from silking to maturity was lengthened though days from planting to silking was shortened at later planting time. Stalk weight was decreased as planting time was delayed, particularly at planting times after May 20 at paddy field by excess water injury during early growth stage. But, grain yield was not low as in May and June. It is needed to introduce early maturity maize variety as Yanganok at late planting for higher grain yield and enough time for soil preparation for next winter crops

췌장가성낭종에 대한 임상적 고찰

서종권,장정환,김성환,김정용,민영돈,김권천,김종안 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.1

For the purpose of finding the changing patterns of the status and management of the patient with pancreatic pseudocyst who were treated in same hospital according to the time sequence, the authors reviewed 29 patients' charts with pancreatic pseudocyst treated at department of Surgery, Chosun University Hospital during 11 years from Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1994 comparing with those of the previous 24 patients treated from Jan. 1974 to Dec. 1983 that was reported at the Journal of Korea Surgical Society, 1985. The following results were obtained: 1. The age and sex distribution were not changed. The male and female ratio was 2.2~2.4:1 and the most prevalent age group was fourth decade and fifth decade. 2. The pancreatitis was the main etiologic disease and it was more frequent than previous report. That can be probably attributed to the increasing of alcohol intake. 3. The pancreatic body was the most affective site. 4. The common symptoms and signs were abdominal pain and tenderness(93.1%), upper abdominal palpable mass(48.3%), and anorexia, nausea and vomiting(44.8%). That was not changed with previous report. 5. The duration of symptoms to diagnosis were usually 3~4 weeks and 5~6 weeks. 6. The most common laboratory finding was amy1asemia(72.4%). 7. The preoperative complications were pleural effusion (48.3%), infected cyst(17.2%) and rupture of cyst(10.3%). 8. We could obtain good outcomes in the 7 patients(25.9%) treated conservatively. The surgical treatment, external drainage, internal drainage and excision, were done in 21 patients according to the patients status. 9. There were total 11 cases(52.4%) postoperative complications in all operation patients. That rate was increased than before. However it does not mean true increase because of poor preoperative condition of the patients. 10. The time interval between diagnosis and operation was 1~3weeks(47.6%) and 3~6weeks(28.6%). The proper operation time should be taken case-byUcase. In conclusion, the last decade has witnessed no additional changes in diagnosing and curing pancreatic pseudocyst other than the following two. The disease is increasingly cause by pancreatitis, Particularly alcoholic pancreatitis and it can be more effectively dealt with by the conservative treatment. Nevertheless much remains to be discussed on the adequate time and therapy in curing pancreatic pseudocyst. What matters here is to develops more specified methods for each patient taking into consideration on the nature of disease.

중량물 들고 보행시 잡기유형의 차이에 대한 운동학적 분석

서국웅,윤양진,김용재,이훈식,정미라,이창민,이중숙 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the kinematic changes of the body according to various weight loads and the holding during carrying object. The experiments were conducted with utilizing image, analyses for five male and five female adults as subjects. The results were as followed. 1. Meaningful differences were shown partially in the angle changes of the subject's wrist joints, elbow joints and coxal articulations, but not in the angle changes of the subject's knee joints, according to the types of holding the objects while subjects carrying 5kg objects. So, carrying a light object of 5kg in workplaces or gyms doesn't have much influence on human joints and muscles. 2. Meaningful differences of angle changes were shown between right holding and vertical holding while subjects carrying 10kg objects. Female subjects had difficulties to hold the angles of their wrist joints and elbow joints, carrying 10kg objects, because the first loads were imposed on their wrists and female has weaker muscles than male. In right holding of 10kg objects, female subjects had backward body centers from their bodies, the angle of their coxal articulation became bigger and they had unstable behaviors. 3. Female subjects had wider angle of their wrist joints and elbow joints while carrying 15kg objects than male subjects. But male subjects had bigger angle of coxal articulation than female subjects. Because female has weaker muscles, female subjects couldn't maintain the angles of their wrist joints and elbow joints. 4. The 20kg objects influenced the angles of the wrist joints, the elbow joints and the coaxal articulations of both sex subjects in any type of holding during their carrying 20 kg objects, but didn't influence their knee joints. 5. in carrying 25kg objects, female subjects had wider angles of their wrist joints, elbow joints and knee joints in each holding type than male subjects and the significant difference were shown according to the holding type. But in the case of coxal articulation, male subjects had the bigger angles and meaningful differences. This comes from the weakness of female's muscle. N\Male subject's upper bodies were drawn back and the objects influenced their wrists more than their arms.

정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애에 대한 올란자핀의 효과와 안전성

안용민,강대엽,권준수,김창윤,김철응,반건호,신영민,이기철,이동우,이중서,조현상,채정호,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 다기관 공동임상연구는 국내 환자를 대상으로 새로운 항정신병약물인 올라자핀의 치료 효과와 안전성을 확인하고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2000년 3월까지 국내 10개 병원에 방문한 정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애 105명을 대상으로 비대조 개방 임상연구를 시행하였다. 중등도 이상의 정신병 증상을 지니거나, 부작용으로 약물교체가 필요한 경우 또는 기분장애 증상의 치료가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 2∼7일간의 약물 배설기간 후에 1일 10mg의 올란자핀을 투여하였고, 이후로 3∼7일 간격으로 용량을 조절하여 총 8주간 투여하였다. 치료 효과는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression-Severity), MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety)로 판정하였다. 안전성 평가는 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 활력징후와 혈액 검사 및 SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale), BARS(Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale), AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale)척도를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 105명중에서 85.7%인 90명이 8주간의 치료를 완료하였다. 평균 최빈 용량은 일일 16.1(±4.7)mg이었고, 종료시점에서의 BPRS전체 점수가 기저 상태에 비해 40%이상 감소된 반응군은 69.5%이었다. PANSS의 양성 증후군과 일반정신병리 뿐만 아니라 음성 증후군 소척도에서도 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 이 감소들은 치료 초기부터 나타나서 8주간 지속되었다. 43.8%의 피험자가 중등도 이상의 우울증상을 같이 지니고 있었으며, 올란자핀에 의해 MADRS와 HAM-A가 유의하게 감소하였다. 치료 기간 동안에 활력징후에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으나 체중은 8주간 지속적으로 증가하였다. SAS와 AIMS는 감소하였으며, 정좌불능증을 제외한 나머지 추체외로 증상의 발생비율도 낮았다. 임상적인 증상이나 징후를 동반하지 않는 ALT/SGPT의 상승을 보였지만 프로락틴을 포함하는 대부분의 혈액 검사상 뚜렷한 이상 변화는 없었다. 결 론 ; 비록 본 임상연구가 비대조 개방 임상연구로서 많은 제한점을 가지고 있지만, 올란자핀이 기존 약물에 내약성을 보이거나 기분증상을 동반하는 정신병에 치료 효과가 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물 치료시에 문제가 되었던 추체외로 증상과 고프르로락틴 혈증을 포함하는 대부분의 부작용면에서 안전성을 보여 주었다. Objective : This multicenter clinical trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy and the safety of olanzpine for the treatment of Korean patients. Mothod : 105 patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, visited at 10 mental or university hospitals, had received an open and non-comparative treatment with olanzapine for 8 weeks. Patients had psychotic or depressive symptoms with the severity above moderate degree or intolerable side effects to previous antipsychotics. After a wash-out period of 2-7 days, 10mg olanzapine was prescribed initially to all the patients, and then the dosage could be adjusted within the range of 5-20mg/day of olanzapine by 3-7 days. Results : 90(85.7%) of 105 patients completed the 8-weeks trial and the mean modal dose of olanzapine was 16.1(±4.7%)mg/day. At the end of the trial, 73 patients(69.5%) were classified as responder, which was defined as 40% or more improvement in BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score comparing to baseline. There was a significant reduction in the scores of PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)and subscales including negative symptom scores and CGI. Also weekly analysis showed that the reductions in scores were kept on for the whole period of the trial. 43.8% of all the patients had depressive symptoms at the baseline and total scores of MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) were also reduced after the trials. Vital signs revealed no clinically significant changes but continuous weight gain was observed during the treatment with olanzapine. The scores of SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale) and AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) for assessing the EPS(extrapyramidal symptoms)and tardive dyskinesia respectively were significantly decreased and only a few patients reported EPS as adverse events. Although mild and clinically non-significant of ALT/SGPT was observed, most laboratory parameters including plasma prolactin level showed to significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : Although this trial had many limitations because it was a non-comparative and open study, olanzapine showed high efficacy on the positive, negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder.In addition to that, olanzapine showed a substantially favorable safety profile, such as low incidence of EPS and hyperprolactinemia.

자율주행 자동차의 상용화가 상업 공간구조에 미치는 영향

서현승 ( Seo Hyun-seong ),김민준 ( Kim Min-jun ),정창무 ( Jung Chang-mu ),김현정 ( Kim Hyunjung ) 한국부동산분석학회 2020 不動産學硏究 Vol.26 No.4

본 논문은 자율주행 자동차 상용화와에 따른 전국 상업 공간 구조에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 자율주행 자동차의 출현은 도시에 극적인 변화를 가져올 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 최근의 연구는 국토 공간구조의 가능한 변화 추정이 아닌, 주로 차량 기술에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 일련의 시나리오를 개발하고, 자율주행 자동차로 인한 편익 발생 모델을 구축하고, 자율주행 자동차 사용으로 인한 소득 증가로 인해 국토 공간구조의 변화를 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 문헌 검토를 기반으로 네 가지 시나리오를 설정하였으며, 시나리오 별 자율주행 자동차의 상용화 정도를 예측하기 위해 주요 요소의 계수를 포함한다. 각 시나리오 별 편익 계산한 것을 바탕으로 상권의 소득 및 직원 증가에 따른 전국 상업 공간 구조의 변화를 제시한다. 본 논문의 시뮬레이션 결과 자율주행 자동차가 초기 단계에서는 특정 지역에만 분포되어 있기 때문에 상업 연면적 증가량의 지역적 격차가 증가하는 것을 보여준다. 하지만 자율주행 자동차 보급률이 증가함에 따라 전국적으로 상권의 매출, 고용자 수 증가로 교외 지역도 발달하여 지역 불균형 개발이 감소한다. 장기적으로 시간이 지남에 따라 지역적 격차가 줄어들고 국토의 균형적 개발이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between commercialization of autonomous vehicles and its influence on commercial spatial structures nationwide. The emergence of autonomous vehicles is expected to bring about dramatic changes in our cities. However, recent studies mainly focus on the technology of vehicles, not the estimation of possible changes. For this reason, our study aims to develop a set of scenarios, build forecasting model for benefits of autonomous cars, and analyze the changes in territory due to the increased income from using autonomous vehicles. Four different scenarios have been identified based on literature review, containing different coefficients of the main elements for forecasting future commercialization of autonomous vehicles. From the benefits we concluded in each scenarios, which were calculated through main elements, we propose the change in commercial spatial structures nationwide due to the increased income and employee. Our simulation results show that in the early stage, regional gap increases since autonomous vehicles are only distributed in specific area. However, as autonomous vehicles’ dissemination rate increases, suburban area also develop due to increasement in revenue and number of employee, leading to reducement in territory unbalanced development. Regional gap decreases as time passes and territory balanced development increases in the long run.

Assessment of Aortic Annulus Dimensions for Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Pre-TAVI Planning CT

송민철(Min-Cheol Song),김태은(Tae-Eun Kim),채희창(Hee-Chang Chae),서충범(Choong-Beom Seo),서은희(Eun-Hee Seo),대창민(Chang-Min Dae) 대한CT영상기술학회 2023 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 비후성 심근증 환자의 심장 주기에 따른 대동맥판륜의 형태학적 크기 변화를 측정하여 TAVI planning 3차원 영상처리시 대동맥판륜의 크기 측정 오류와 합병증을 최소화하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 2021년 4월부터 2022년 6월까지 본원을 내원하여 심전도 동조화 기법 TAVI planning CT 검사를 진행한 환자 중 심실중격 두께가 정상인 환자를 대조군 41명(78.92 ± 12.6세, 남성 44%), 비후성 심근증 환자를 실험군 31명(74.92 ± 10.8세, 남성 61%)으로 설정하였다. 심장 주기의 10% 간격으로 영상재구성하여 대동맥판륜의 면적, 둘레, 유효 직경, 면적 기반 직경, 둘레 기반 직경을 측정하여 비교 분석 하였다. 분석 결과, 심장 주기 동안 대동맥판륜의 면적, 둘레, 유효 직경, 면적 기반 직경, 둘레 기반 직경의 상대적인 변화는 각각 27.3%, 10.4%, 11.9% 12.6% 11.1%로 유의한 크기 변화를 나타냈다.(P<0.001) 대조군은 전체 심장 주기 중 수축기에서 대동맥판륜 각 측정인자의 최대값이 나타났으며, 실험군은 전체 심장 주기에서 측정 인자의 최대값이 불규칙적으로 나타났다. 또한 두 그룹 간 심장 주기 동안 대동맥판륜 측정 인자의 최대값 빈도 분포 분석 결과는 유의한 차이를 나타냈다.(P<0.05) TAVI 3차원 영상처리에 있어 비후성 심근증 환자의 경우 전체 심장 주기를 확인하여 대동맥판륜 크기가 가장 큰 심장 주기에서 측정하는 것이 정확한 크기의 인공판막 선택과 추후 합병증을 최소화하는데 큰 기여를 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to minimize the undersizing of aortic annulus size and reduce complications by analysis the size change of aortic annulus during the cardiac cycle in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Patients were prospectively underwent an ECG-gated TAVI Planning CT. Retrospective study was conducted 41 normal group (78.92 ± 12.6 years; 44% males) and 31 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group (74.92 ± 10.8 years; 61% males). The annulus plane was identified on reconstructions at 10% intervals of the cardiac cycle. Based on semi-automatically defined Aortic annulus, area, perimeter, effective diameter, area-derived diameter, perimeter-derived diameter were measured. The area, perimeter, effective diameter, area-derived diameter and perimeterderived diameter were significantly changes during the cardiac cycle with a relative change of 27.3%, 10.4%, 11.9%, 12.6% and 11.1% respectively. (all p < 0.001) During the cardiac cycles of groups normal and Hypertrophic myopathy, aortic annulus showed different dynamic changes. Different group showed a significant difference in the maximum values distribution plot. (p < 0.05) In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, reconstructing the entire cardiac cycle and selecting the largest annulus to TAVI planning is considered to contribute greatly to the accurate selection of the size of prosthesis in the procedure and minimizing TAVI complications.

프랙탈 분석을 이용한 치근단병소 치유과정의 골 변화

이지민,박혁,정호걸,김기덕,박창서 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.2

Purpose : To investigate the change of bone healing process after endodontic treatment of the tooth with an apical lesion by fractal analysis. Materials and Methods : Radiographic images of 35 teeth from 33 patients taken on first diagnosis, 6 months, and 1 year after endodontic treatment were selected. Radiographic images were taken by JUPITER Computerized Dental X-ray System. Fractal dimensions were calculated three times at each area by Scion Image PC program. Rectangular region of interest (30×30) were selected at apical lesion and normal apex of each image. Results : The fractal dimension at apical lesion of first diagnosis (L_(0)) is 0.940±0.361 and that of normal area (N_(0)) is 1.186±0.727 (p<0.05). Fractal dimension at apical lesion of 6 months after endodontic treatment (L₂) is 1.076± 0.069 and that of normal area (N₁) is 1.192±0.055 (p<0.05). Fractal dimension at apical lesion of 1 year after endodontic treatment (L₂) is 1.163±0.074 and that of normal area (N₂) is 1.225 0.079 (p<0.05). After endodontic treatment, the fractal dimensions at each apical lesions depending on time showed statistically significant difference. And there are statistically significant different between normal area and apical lesion on first diagnosis, 6 months after, 1 year after. But the differences were grow smaller as time flows. Conclusion : The evaluation of the prognosis after the endodontic treatment of the apical lesion was estimated by bone regeneration in apical region. Fractal analysis was attempted to overcome the limit of subjective reading, and as a result the change of the bone during the healing process was able to be detected objectively and quantitatively.