Adipose sirtuin 6 drives macrophage polarization toward M2 through IL-4 production and maintains systemic insulin sensitivity in mice and humans

Song, Mi-Young,Kim, Sang Hoon,Ryoo, Ga-Hee,Kim, Mi-Kyung,Cha, Hye-Na,Park, So-Young,Hwang, Hong Pil,Yu, Hee Chul,Bae, Eun Ju,Park, Byung-Hyun Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.5

<▼1><P>Adipose tissue inflammation is a reproducible feature of obesity and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) deficiency has previously been implicated in diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the adipocyte-specific role of Sirt6 in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic dysfunction in mice fed normal chow and in humans remains elusive. Here, using <I>Adipoq-Cre</I>-mediated adipocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout (aS6KO) mice, we explored whether adipocyte Sirt6 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and its underlying mechanism. aS6KO mice fed normal chow gained more body weight and fat mass than wild-type mice and exhibited glucose intolerance and systemic insulin resistance. Measurement of plasma and tissue cytokines and flow cytometric analysis of adipose stromal vascular cells indicated a decrease in alternatively activated M2 macrophages in the adipose tissue of aS6KO mice. Mechanistically, Sirt6 regulated the expression of the canonical type 2 cytokine IL-4 by adipocytes in a cell autonomous manner, which in turn affects M2 macrophage polarization. Consistent with animal experimental data, the degree of obesity and insulin resistance demonstrated by the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c correlated negatively with the expression of Sirt6 in human visceral fat tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that adipocyte Sirt6 regulates body weight gain and insulin sensitivity independent of diet, and the increased IL-4 production by Sirt6 and resultant M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages may attenuate proinflammatory responses in adipose tissue.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Obesity and diabetes: A control protein in fat</B></P><P>A protein in adipose tissue (composed of fat cells) helps protect against inflammation and the development of resistance to insulin that develops in obesity and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Researchers in South Korea, led by Eun Ju Bae at Woosuk University, Wanju, and Byung-Hyun Park at Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, investigated the role of Sirt6 in mice and in human adipose tissue. Deleting the mouse gene that codes for Sirt6 in adipocytes promoted the impaired response to insulin and associated increase in blood glucose levels that are two key aspects of diabetes. Changes in biochemical signaling pathways controlling immune cells called macrophages were implicated in these effects and suggest an anti-inflammatory role for Sirt6. Analysis of human adipose tissue supported these findings. The research will help understand how obesity promotes type 2 diabetes.</P></▼2>

구강내 연조직 질환과 구강점막 각화도와의 관계

송주종,김병국,최홍란 전남대학교 치과대학 2000 전남치대논문집 Vol.12 No.1

To investigate the relationship between several intraoral soft tissue lesions(hairy tongue, lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral candidiasis, glossitis and oral herpetic lesion) and oral mucosal keratinization, exfoliative cytological smear on intraoral mucosal surfaces were performed on each number of patients and 25 controls keratinization cell(yellow-stained cell) ratio was then measured. In hairy tongue, there was no significant difference between patient group and control group in all kind of cells. Only blue cell ratio of wemen was more than of men in patient group. In inchen planus, there was no difference between patient and control group in yellow cell ratio. Red cell ratio in the control group was more than in the patient group. Blue cell ratio in the patient group was more than that in control group. But there was no sex predilection between both groups in the ratio of all kind of cells. In recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Yellow cell ratio in the control group was more than that in the patient group. Red cell ratio in the control group was more than that in control group. Blue cell ratio in the patient group was more than that in control group. But there was no sex predilection between both groups in the ratio of all kind of cells. In oral candidiasis, Yellow cell ratio in the control group was more than that in the patient group. Red cell ratio in the control group was more than that in control group. Blue cell ratio in the patient group was more than that in control group. There was no sex predilection between both groups in yellow cell ratio. Red cell ratio of wemen was more than of men in patient group. Blue cell ratio of men was more than of wemen in patient group. In herpetic lesions, there was no difference between patient and control group in yellow cell ratio. Red cell ratio in the control group was more than in the patient group. Blue cell ratio in the patient group was more than that in control group. Yellow cell ratio of wemen was more than of men in control group. Red cell ratio of men was more than of wemen in control group. Blue cell ratio of men was more than of wemen in patient group. In glossitis, Yellow cell ratio in the control group was more than in the patient group. There was no difference between patient and control group in red cell ratio. Blue cell ratio in the patient group was more than that in control group. Yellow cell ratio of wemen was more than of men in control group. Red cell ratio and blue cell ratio of men were more than of wemen in control group. According to above results, the ratio of keratinized cell in atrophic, ulcerated, or pseudomembranous lesions was lowered than in control, but the ratio of keratinized cell in keratotic, vesicular or lesions on keratinized surface lesions had no difference to control group. Thus, keratotic, vesicular or lesions on keratinized surface lesions have not closely relation to mucosal keratinization. And, there was a little sex predilection between men and wemen in mucosal keratinization.

하나로에서의 NTD조사를 위한 중성자속 평탄화 장치의 최적화를 위한 예비분석

송영동,이헌주,이병철,전병진,김학노 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.1

NTD(Neutron Transmutation Doping) method has several advantages of high resistivity and uniform doping in comparison with other method. To satisfy those conditions, the flux variations of radial and axial directions should be within ±5% and ±1.7%. respectively. The NTD facility in HANARO is purposed to irradiate the silicon ingot of 60cm in height. Hence, the flux flattener will be designed for 60cm. In this paper, preliminary study for optimal design is showed and the flux distribution of axial direction is calculated using MCNP4B code. The results show that the flattener model can flatten the flux to 83% of total length.

하나로에서의 NTD 조사를 위한 중성자속 평탄화 장치의 최적화를 위한 예비분석

송영동,이헌주,이병택,전병진,김학노 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.1

NTD (Pieutron Transmutation Doping) method has several advantages of high resistivity and uniform doping in comparison with other method. To satisfy those conditions. the flux variations of radial and axial directions should be within ±5 % and ±1.7%. respectively. The NTD facility in HANARO is purposed to irradiate the silicon ingot of 60cm in height. Hence. the flux flattener will be designed for 60cm. In this paper. preliminary study for optimal design is showed and the flux distribution of axial direction is calculated using MCNP4B code. The results show that the flattener model can flatten the flux to 83% of total length.

Mongolian gerbil 심장동맥의 해부학적 연구

송치원,정주영,이미영,김무강,현병화 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1998 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

The arterial supply to heart of mongolian gerbil has been described. Observations were made by the specimens injected with latex after the flowing through in left ventricle. The results were summaried as follows; 1. A. coronaria arose from the initial portion of Aorta in heart and A. coronaria dextra and sinistus arose in Aortic sinus on 10 specimens. A. coronaria sinistra arose more near boundary of Aortic sinus than A. coronaria dextra. 2. A. coronaria sinistra which arose from Aortic sinus divided into Ramus interventricularis sinistra and Ramus circumflexus sinistra. A. coronaria dextra which arose from Aortic sinus only runed continously as Ramus interventriculares dextra. 3. Ramus interventricular sinistra not reach the heart apex through the sulcus interventricula but stopped in thoracocostal plan extending to under part. 4. R. circumflexus runed theough sulcus coronarius, thereafter it runed from left ventricle to Sulcus interventricularis dorsalis. 5. A. coronaria dextra runed to diaphargm side through sulcus interventricula dorsi thereafter it became Ramus interventricular dextra. It distrubuted left and right ventricle wall on 8 specimens and 2 specimen stopped margo obtusus.

분산 컴퓨팅 환경과 미들웨어

조성연,장주만,전병태 高麗大學校附設 컴퓨터科學技術硏究所 1999 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TECHNOLO Vol.1 No.-

미들웨어라는 개념은 클라이언트/서버 환경에서 클라이언트와 서버를 연결해 주는 역할을 하는 모든 어플리케이션들을 포함한다. 그러나 단순히 클라이언트와 서버를 연결시켜 주는 것만으로 미들웨어라고 할 수 있는 것은 아니다. 클라이언트의 서비스 요구를 서버에게 전달하고 요구 사항을 처리한 서버의 결과를 클라이언트에게 전달하는 과정의 수행을 책임진다. 그 과정에서 실제 서비스의 처리나 결과를 사용자에게 보여주는 과정은 서버와 클라이언트의 몫으로 제외된다. 미들웨어는 분산 환경에서 확장성과 개방성을 제공하는 핵심 부분이다. 미들웨어의 기본 기능인 투명성이외의 통신 기능, 스케줄링 기능, 트랜잭션의 기능 등등의 많은 서비스를 제공한다. 현재 미들웨어는 제공하는 기능의 특징에 따라서 종류가 다양하다. 본 논문에서는 미들웨어의 범위를 정의하고 현재 개발되고 있는 미들웨어들인 RPC, ORB, MOM을 분석하고 비교한다. Middleware covers all softwares that connect client and server. but middleware not only do connection. it takes responsible all through process from that client requests service to that server returns result except real processing of service. middleware is essential of distributed environment. middleware provides communication function, thread scheduling function, transaction function etc. there are different characteristic middleware according to characteristics. this article defines what is middleware and compares different middlewares with another especially PRC, ORB, MOM.

Bacillus stearothermophilus KJ16이 생산하는 Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase의 정제와 효소특성

김병우,김광현,남수완,권현주,송승구,윤종원 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from B. stearothermophilus KJ16 that can produce both cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and cyclodextrinase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and FPLC. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was about 65,000 dalton by SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and 60℃, respectively. The enzyme was stable at 50℃ for 1 hr and in the pH range of 5.5 and 8.5. Mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol inhibited the enzyme activity strongly. The enzyme produced 60% cyclodextrin(CD) from 5% soluble starch with the ^α-, ^β-, ^γ-CD ratio of 42 : 46 : 12. Amylopectin was the most suitable with 67% conversion to CD.

농업인 평생학습체계 구축을 위한 농업인교육 발전방안 연구

정철영,송병국,김진모,문택석,허영준,주대진,최수정,한승완 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 농업인의 평생학습체계 구축을 위한 농촌진흥기관의 역할을 정립하고, 한국농업대학의 농업인대학 운영 본부화 방안을 수립하는데 있다. 이를 위해 관련 문헌고찰, 농업인 및 농촌진흥기관의 농업인 교육 담당자들의 인식 및 요구분석, 전문가 자문 및 협의회 등의 방법을 활용하였으며, 이를 토대로 도출된 연구의 결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농촌진흥기관의 농업인교육관련 연계를 위해서는 한국농업대학이 농업인평생교육기관으로 평가인정을 받고, 전국의 농업인대학을 총체적으로 지원하는 역할을 수행하는 것이 바람직하다. 이때 지역의 농업기술센터는 한국농업대학과 협력적 관계를 구축하여 학점은행제 운영에 소요되는 교육 및 이력관리를 지원하는 역할을 수행하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 한국농업대학의 농업인대학 운영본부화를 위하여 평생학습원의 조직이 추가되는 것이 바람직하다. 이에 따라 평생학습원의 비전, 미션 및 전략이 제시되었으며, 조직의 기능 및 세부과제가 제시되었다. 셋째, 농업인교육의 학점은행제를 도입을 위한 체계를 설정한 후, 농업관련 기존 표준교육과정 분석, 농업인 요구분석, 전국 농업인대학 교육과정 분석, 기존 농업관련 전공 교육과정 분석, 전문가 검토 등의 과정을 거쳐서 '영농 전문학사'와 '농업 경영 학사'의 표준교육과정을 개발하였다. 넷째, 고졸미만 농업인을 위한 사전학습제도화를 위하여 농업인교육의 평가인정을 통한 방안과 One-Stop 평생학습모델을 통한 방안을 제시하였다. The purposes of this research were to assign the role of rural development organizations, and to establish the strategy for the making headquarter of farmer's university. The study was performed as follows: (1) analyzing the related literatures, documents, records review, (2) need analysis of farmers and members ig rural development organizations in terms of farmer's lifelong learning, (3) consulting experts. The following four findings are the results of this study: (1) Korean national agricultural college should be headquarter of farmer's universities and be approve for lifelong learning credit. Also, agricultural technology & extension centers should run educational program for the lifelong learning credit. (2) For the doing role of headquarter of farmer's university, division of lifelong learning should be add to department of technology training in Korea agricultural college. In relation with this, vision, mission and strategy of division of lifelong learning were suggested. (3) Steps for introduction of credit bank system of farmer education were suggested. Also standard curriculums of 'farming associate degree' and 'agricultural management bachelor's degree' were developed through analyzing existing standard curriculum related with agriculture, analyzing need of farmer, analyzing curriculum of farmer's university, analyzing curriculum of agriculture major. (4) For farmer who do not have high school graduate, two solutions were suggested which are approving farmer's education and one-stop lifelong learning model.

재발성 일과성 허혈 발작을 주소로 내원한 비-안와-대뇌 모균증 1예

강우열,이주헌,성영희,최일수,송홍기,이병철 대한노인병학회 2002 대한노인병학회지 Vol.6 No.3

팽이 톱밥 人工栽培時 培地微生物相의 經時的인 密度變化

배태웅,文炳周,辛元敎,宋模烈,李鉉旭,曺東進 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資原硏究所 1996 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.5 No.1

팽이 재배에 있어 가장 큰 문제 중의 하나는 雜菌에 대한 汚染, 특히 細菌에 의한 피해가 극심하므로 作業段階와 栽培過程 전반에 걸쳐 培地徵生物相의 經時的인 密度變化에 따른 雜菌의 培地內 流入時期를 조사하여 汚染菌의 發生消長을 알아보기 위해 現地農家에서 시험해 본 결과 接種후 培養室에서 菌絲培養을 시작한 5일후부터 細菌이 檢出되기 시작하여 菌긁기전까지 약 25일간 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g의 密度를 보였으나 經時的인 密度增加는 없었고, 菌絲培養이 끝난 뒤 菌긁기직후부터 細菌의 密度는 118.3×10⁴cfu/g으로 급격히 높아졌으며 子實體生育 기간동안에 시간이 경과함에 따라 密度가 현저하게 증가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 培養室 안으로 흐르는 空氣를 통하여 甁內로 細菌이 流入되고 또한 菌긁기 직후 培地表面에 灌注하는 물과 加濕機에서 噴霧되는 물粒子가 細菌의 密度增加에 절대적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되므로 이때가 細菌性褐斑病菌에 感染되기 가장 용이한 시기로 생각된다. 眞菌은 菌긁기후 子實體生育 기간동안 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g의 密度로서 菌絲培養 기간동안의 密度보다 다소 높게 檢出되었으나 대체로 經時的인 密度增加는 보이지 않았으며, 放線菌은 거의 검출되지 않거나 菌絲培養 후 5일째부터 다소 검출되기 시작했으나 밀도가 매우 낮았고 經時的으로도 증가되지 않았다. One of the most serious problem on the Enoki mushroom cultivation is the infection by pathogenicitic microorganisns, especially bacterial diseases causing serious economical losses in the mushroom production. It was carried out to find the tendency of the development of mushroom diseases by temporal changes and variation of the densities of media microflora through the cultivation periods and working stages in a mushroom farm. According to the results, several bacteria were detected from the fifth day after the inoculation and incubation of mycelium in the incubation room, and the density of bacterium was 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g media for 25 days before the inoculum-removing, although there was no increment of the density. Since the inoculum-removing after the spawn run, the density of bacterium was rapidly increased as 118.3×10⁴cfu/g media, and was significantly increased by time during the growth period of fruitbodies. It was hypothesized that it is the most suitable period for the pathogen infection because the bacterium might be introduced by the air in the incubation-room, and the increment of bacterium density might be affected by moisture supplied through watering or humidifier in the growing room after the inoculum-removing. Fungi were detected as the density as 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g media and the density was slightly higher than that during the incubation period of hyphae, although there was no significant increment. Generally, the density of Actinomycetes was disregardfully low, or Actinomycetes were hardly ever found, although there was found some 5 days after incubation hyphae in few cases.