0.2 ${\mu}m$ Wide-Head T-Gate PHEMT 제작에 관한 연구

전병철,윤용순,박현창,박형무,이진구,Jeon, Byeong-Cheol,Yun, Yong-Sun,Park, Hyeon-Chang,Park, Hyeong-Mu,Lee, Jin-Gu 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.39 No.1

본 논문에서는 서로 다른 dose를 갖는 이중 노광 방법을 사용한 전자빔 묘화 방법을 이용하여 0.2 ㎛의 wide-head T-게이트를 갖는 PHEMT를 제작하였다. 0.2 ㎛의 게이트 길이와 1.3 ㎛의 게이트 머리의 크기를 갖는 wide-head T-게이트를 형성하기 위하여 PMMA/P(MMA-MAA)/PMMA의 3층 레지스트 구조를 사용하였다. 0.2 ㎛의 게이트 길이와 80 ㎛의 단위 게이트 폭 및 4개의 게이트 핑거를 갖는 PHEMT의 DC 특성으로 323 ㎃/㎜의 드레인 전류 밀도 및 232 mS/㎜의 최대 전달 컨덕턴스를 얻었다. 또한 동일한 소자의 RF 특성으로 40 ㎓에서 2.91 ㏈의 S/sub 21/ 이득과 11.42 ㏈의 MAG를 얻었으며, 전 이득 차단 주파수와 최대 공진 주파수는 각각 63 ㎓와 150 ㎓였다. n this paper, we have fabricated pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMT) with a 0.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ wide-head T-shaped gate using electron beam lithography by a dose split method. To make the T-shape gate with gate length of 0.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and gate head size of 1.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ we have used triple layer resist structure of PMMA/P(MMA-MAA)/PMMA. The DC characteristics of PHEMT, which has 0.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of gate length, 80 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of unit gate width and 4 gate fingers, are drain current density of 323 ㎃/mm and maximum transconductance 232 mS/mm at $V_{gs}$ = -1.2V and $V_{ds}$ = 3V. The RF characteristics of the same device are 2.91㏈ of S21 gain and 11.42㏈ of MAG at 40GHz. The current gain cut-off frequency is 63GHz and maximum oscillation frequency is 150GHz, respectively.ively.

인동덩굴로부터 분리된 Cynaroside이 Doxorubicin으로 유도된 인간 근위세뇨관 HK-2 세포의 괴사에 미치는 저해 효과

노종현,정호경,이무진,장지훈,심미옥,정자균,정다은,안병관,조현우,Nho, Jong Hyun,Jung, Ho Kyung,Lee, Mu Jin,Jang, Ji Hun,Sim, Mi Ok,Jung, Ja Kyun,Jung, Da Eun,An, Byeong Kwan,Cho, Hyun Woo 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.25 No.5

Background: Cynaroside is a flavone, a flavonoid-like compound, known by different names (luteoloside and cinaroside). It is commonly found in Lonicera japonica Thunb., Chrysanthemum moriflium, and Angelica keiskei. The process of cell death has been classified as necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis refers to unregulated cell death induced by a chemotherapeutic agent. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline anti-cancer drug used to treat acute leukemia, cancer, and lymphoma. However, it induces nephrotoxicity including tubular damage. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of cynaroside against doxorubicin-induced necrosis in HK-2 cells. Methods and Results: To confirm the beneficial effect of cynaroside on doxorubicin-induced necrosis, HK-2 cells, a human proximal tubule epithelial cell line were treated with $10{\mu}M$ doxorubicin and $80{\mu}M$ cynaroside. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in increased DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity and mitochondria hyperactivation during cell necrosis. However, pretreatment with $80{\mu}M$ cynaroside attenuated DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity and mitochondria hyperactivation induced by $10{\mu}M$ doxorubicin in HK-2 cells. Conclusions: These results indicated that pretreatment with cynaroside ameliorated doxorubicin-induced necrosis in HK-2 cells. Therefore, cynaroside be used as a therapeutic agent for improving doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity. However, further studies are required to evaluated the toxicity of cynaroside treatment in animals and to determine its protective effect against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in an animal model.

볼엔드밀 가공에서 형상정밀도에 관한 실험적 연구

조병무,유익수,이성휘,이동주 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

In manufacturing process, the. free-formed surface machining using a ball end mill of CNC machining center is important and the geometric accuracy of a 3D workpiece is effected by the cutting characteristics. Machining error is defined the normal distance between designed surface and actual tool path with tool deflection. This is inevitably caused by the tool deflection, tool wear, thermal effect and machine tool errors and so forth. In this study, the geometric accuracies such as roundness in semi-cylinder, free-formed profile and surface roughness were measured using a Coordinate Measurement Machine(CMM) and a contact type surface roughness measuring device. The results will be useful as a guidance for cutting condition to improve the geometrical accuracy of free-formed surface in ball end milling.

SM709, Ingredient of Antimelanogenic Bamboo Extract, Blocks Endothelin-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ Increase in Human Melanocytes

Kim, Shin-Hee,Lee, Ki-Mu,Kim, Hyo-Shin,Lee, Gyu-Seung,Jeon, Byeong-Hwa,Kim, Kwang-Jin,Park, Jin-Bong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2003 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.7 No.6

Endothelins secreted from keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens and melanogens of human melanocytes in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the cellular mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract, the effects of three ingredients of bamboo extract on endothelin 1 (ET-1)-induced $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization were investigated in cultured human melanocytes. ET-1 receptors in human melanocytes were characterized by using specific antagonist, and ET-1 was found to increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) by activating ET-B receptor. SM709 (1,2-O-diferulyl-glycerol), an ingredient of bamboo extract, inhibited ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, although another ingredients SM707 and SM708 had no effect on ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in human melanocytes. SM709 ($100{\mu}M$), however, did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by thapsigargin and caffeine, suggesting that SM709 has no effect on the $Ca^{2+}$ store in melanocytes. Furthermore, SM709 did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by LPA or ATP, known as G protein-mediated PLC activators like ET-1. Taken together, it is suggested that SM709 antagonizes ET-1-induced transmembrane signaling through ET-B receptor, which maybe a possible underlying mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract in human melanocytes.

The Effect of Lower Extremity Strengthening Exercise Using Sliding Stander on Balance and Spasticity in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial

( Byeong Mu Mun ),( Jin Park ),( Tae Ho Kim ) 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Purpose: Generally, patients with stroke present with decreased balance and increased spasticity following weakness of the paralyzed muscles. Muscle weakness caused by stroke has two causes. This is caused by a decrease in motor output and an adaptive muscle change, resulting in muscle weakness and muscle paralysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strengthening exercise on balance and spasticity in chronic stroke patients and to suggest the basis of clinical treatment. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided into two groups: a lower-extremity strengthening group (experimental group) and a general physical therapy group (control group). The sliding stander equipment was used for the experimental group and a regimen of warm-up exercise, the main exercise routine, and cool-down exercise were used for the muscle strengthening exercise program. Balance and spasticity were measured before and after the training period. Balance ability was measured by the Berg balance scale, the Timed up and Go test and the weight distribution of the paralyzed muscles by the Spacebalance 3D. Spasticity was measured by the Biodex system. Results: After the training periods, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in BBS, weight distribution of the paralyzed muscles, and decreased spasticity when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study supported the hypothesis that lower-extremity strengthening exercise improves the balance and decreases the spasticity of stroke patients. If it is combined with conventional neurologic physiotherapy, it would be effective rehabilitation for stroke patients.

The Effect of Lower Extremity Strengthening Exercise Using Sliding Stander on Balance and Spasticity in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Mun, Byeong Mu,Park, Jin,Kim, Tae Ho The Korean Society of Physical Therapy 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Purpose: Generally, patients with stroke present with decreased balance and increased spasticity following weakness of the paralyzed muscles. Muscle weakness caused by stroke has two causes. This is caused by a decrease in motor output and an adaptive muscle change, resulting in muscle weakness and muscle paralysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strengthening exercise on balance and spasticity in chronic stroke patients and to suggest the basis of clinical treatment. Methods: Twenty subjects were divided into two groups: a lower-extremity strengthening group (experimental group) and a general physical therapy group (control group). The sliding stander equipment was used for the experimental group and a regimen of warm-up exercise, the main exercise routine, and cool-down exercise were used for the muscle strengthening exercise program. Balance and spasticity were measured before and after the training period. Balance ability was measured by the Berg balance scale, the Timed up and Go test and the weight distribution of the paralyzed muscles by the Spacebalance 3D. Spasticity was measured by the Biodex system. Results: After the training periods, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in BBS, weight distribution of the paralyzed muscles, and decreased spasticity when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study supported the hypothesis that lower-extremity strengthening exercise improves the balance and decreases the spasticity of stroke patients. If it is combined with conventional neurologic physiotherapy, it would be effective rehabilitation for stroke patients.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 원통곡면의 형상오차 특성에 관한 연구

조병무(Byeong-Mu Cho),유익수(Ik-Su Yoo),이동주(Dong-Ju Lee) 한국생산제조학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

This paper describes the use of the design of experiments by response surface method to minimize machining error according to semi-cylindrical tool path in ball end milling. From the experimental results, an optimal set of cutting conditions between rpm, feed, depth of cut and geometric error was represented. The results will be useful as a guidance for cutting condition to improve the geometrical accuracy of free-formed surface in ball end milling.

The Strategic Meaning of Parallel Promotion of “Peace Pact along with Denuclearization”

HWANG Byeong-Mu 제주평화연구원 2016 JPI Research Series Vol.37 No.-

Exploring the Mechanism and Implications of the Destruction of Lands as the Natural Resources Via an Environmental Sociological Approach

Kim, Byeong Mu(김병무),Hong, Chang-Yu(홍창유) 한국지적정보학회 2021 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.23 No.2

이번 논문은 인간의 활동이 어떻게 자연의 자원순환과정에 영향을 주는지 살펴보고 도시 공간내 인간활동 개입과 영향으로 인한 결과를 이론적으로 탐구한다. 먼저, 도시자연의 자원체계 순환이라는 개념을 통해 근본적인 해결책을 찾기 위해 자연 시스템의 본질적인 개념과 구조를 명확하게 설명하고, 이어 인간 중심의 산업 활동으로 자연의 구조가 어떻게 파괴되어 왔는지 부연한다. 또한, 환경사회학이라는 관점에서 이러한 인간활동으로 인해 발생하는 자연자원 파괴의 의미를 도출하여 함의를 이끌어 내고자 기획되었다. 이번 연구를 주도한 저자들은 사회적•경제적 발전과 자연보전을 모두 동시에 달성하기 위해 우리가 우선적으로 고려해야 할 요소들 또한 살펴보았다. 자연의 이용자면서 자연자원을 보호해야 하는 객체로서의 관점에서 자연파괴의 결과를 인지하고, 사회적 그리고 경제적 성장과 더불어 자연보전을 보장하는 것에 대해서도 담론적 접근을 해보았다는 것이 이 연구의 가장 큰 시사점이겠다. 마지막으로, 자연 시스템을 활용하는 것과 관련하여, 지속 가능한 발전에 내재된 한계와 잠재력을 다루었다. This article examines how human activities disrupt nature’s processes and explores the consequences of such disruption in urban spaces. To find a fundamental resolution for urban cases, we first explain the essential concept and structure of nature, followed by how the structure of nature has been destroyed by human-oriented industrial activities. Then, we draw implications of this destruction from the perspective of environmental sociology. Finally, this article examines the consequences of the destruction of nature in terms of what we need to prioritize to foster both socio-economic growth and nature conservation, and addresses the limitations and potentials inherent in sustainable development, with regard to fostering socio-economic growth and nature conservation, and utilizing nature’s capacity.

만성 췌장염시 췌장섬유화 발생에 TGF-β의 역할

유병무 ( Yu Byeong Mu ),김진홍 ( Kim Jin Hong ),최준혁 ( Choe Jun Hyeog ),송현주 ( Song Hyeon Ju ),이기명 ( Lee Gi Myeong ),정재연 ( Jeong Jae Yeon ),김영배 ( Kim Yeong Bae ),오태영 ( O Tae Yeong ),함기백 ( Ham Gi Baeg ) 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2003 No.-

<목적> 만성 췌장염은 췌장 내에 섬유화의 진행으로 췌장 실질이 위축되고 췌장 외분비 및 내분비 기능부전 및 악화 등이 초래되는 비가역적 만성 질환이다. 연자들은 이미 이들 만성췌장염의 병인 및 치료제 개발을 위한 연구에서 반복적으로 cerulein을 10주간 투여하는 방법으로 ICR mice에서 chronic fibrosing pancreatitis model을 수립(submission to Pancreatology)하였고 이때 섬유화는 주로 염증반응