한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

스포츠 집단 수준에 따른 응집력 및 성원만족도와 팀성공의 관계 : 대내경기 집단과 대교경기 집단을 중심으로

김범식,유재충 경희대학교 사회체육연구소 1996 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.9

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between group cohesiveness, member satisfaction and team success. In order to meet this purpose, the following four subsequent research questions were explored : 1) the difference of group cohesion in the intramural and interscholastic group 2) the difference of member's satisfaction in the intramural and interscholastic group 3) the relationship group cohesion and member's satisfaction according to the level of sport group 4) the relationship group cohesion, member satisfaction and team success bared on level of sport group. The subjects of this study were sampled 94 students and 88 athletic students(total 182 persons) using the random sampling. The data collected questionnaire designed for this study were considered of response to items constructed to represent each variable. Statistics employed in this study was t-test and multiple regression. The findings of this study were as follows: First, friendship, influence, sense of belonging, teamwork, closeness, and value of membership were singnificantly different. Second, the level of sport group showed that a significant difference of member's satisfaction. Member's play satisfaction, member's position satisfaction, and member's belonging satisfaction were significantly different. Third, group cohesion influenced on member's satisfaction. Group cohesion influenced member's play satisfaction, member's position satisfaction, and member's belonging satisfaction among the sub-factors of member's satisfaction in intramural group. Group cohesion influenced member's position satisfaction and member's belonging satisfaction in interscholastic group. Fourth, group cohesion and member's satisfaction influenced team success in intramural and interscholastic group.

스포츠의 참가가 가족주의 가치에 미치는 효과

김범식 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of direct participation in sport on the desirable familism The samples (N=1050), randomly selected from Seoul, Daegoo, and Kwangju in Korea, were divided into three subgroups such as participants in organized sport (athletes, N=423), participants in non-organized sport (N=166), non-participants (N=461). The instrument was organized on the basis of the questionnaire of Heller(1976), Ok, SunWha(1985, 1989), Park, Eun-Sook(1984). A-self-evaluation-reporting-questionnaire was composed of 16 items on 4 factors (Family Priority : FP, Family Continuity : FC, Respect to Parents : RP, Family Solidarity : FS) of familism. Likert's 5 point scale method was used to evaluate the data. The standardization for the questionnaire was tested in cronbach's a((=.9206). The statistical methodes to analyze the data were ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis at the .05 significant level. The results were as follows : It was indicated that athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism among three groups(P<.001). The percent of grouped cases correctly classified by all the factors of familism was 47.67, and FC(.6629) was the most robust factor of familism in standard canonical discriminant function coefficients 1) With regard to gender, athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism(P <.05) among three groups in the case of male or female. 2) With regard to social class, athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism(P<.05). But participants in non-organized sport showed the highest evaluation on FP(P<.01), FC(P<.001), and RP(P<.01) in the case of middle class. 3) With the regard to residence, athletes showed the highest evaluation on familism(P<. 05). But participants in non-organized sport showed the highest evaluation RP(P<.001) in the case of metropolitan residents or FS(P<.01) in the case of small city residents.

결핵성 경부임파선염에 대한 임상적 고찰

김병국,이범식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

Although the incidence of tuberculosis has decreased recently, tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is one of the common cause of neck mass in Korea. We performed a retrospective review for 61 cases with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, which were confirmed histopathologically in Department of Otolaryngology, ChungnamNational University Hospital between Jan. 1992 and Oct. 1995. The results were as follows : 1) Most cases were in the age group of 20-29 years old and the sex ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.08 2) The physical findings were painless lymphadenopathy in 35 cases (57.3%), hard nodes in 45 cases (73.8%) and mobile node in 45 cases (73.7%). 3) There were multiple lymphadenopathy in 43 cases (70.5%) and was solitary one in 18 cases (29.5%). Among 43 cases with multiple lymphadenopathy, 7 cases (11.5%) were bilateral. 4) The location of lymphadenopathy was posterior neck triangle in 37 cases (60.7%), anterior neck triangle in 13 cases (21.3%) and both triangle in 11 cases (18%). 5) The size of mass was smaller than 3cm in 38 cases (62.2%) and bigger than 3cm in 23 cases (37.8%). 6) The time interval from the onset of symptom to first visit was less than 5 months in 48 cases (78.7%), 6 months to 12 months in 8 cases (13.1%), over than 12 months in 5 cases (8.2%). 7) Associated pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in 19 cases (31.1%). 8) The excision and antituberculous medication were performed in 49 cases (80.3%) Incision and antituberculous medication were performed in 12 cases (19.7%). 9) The duration of antituberculous medication was 6 months in 7 cases (11.5%), 6 months to 12 9) The duration of antituberculous medication was 6 months in 7 cases (11.5%), 6 months to 12 months in 29 cases (47.5%), 18 months in 1 case (1.6%). 10) There was no palpable neck mass in 26 cases (53.1%), decreased mass in 17 cases (34.7%) stationary mass in 5 cases (10.2%), and increased mass in 1 case (2.0%) after or during the treatment.

전자선 증착장치 및 ITO 박막의 제작과 그 특성에 관한 연구

김수길,최범식,우정주,고년규,황정남,정원모,이철주 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1982 學術論文集 Vol.9 No.-

태양 전지의 제작시 투명 전극막으로 쓰이는 ITO 박막을 제조하기 위하여 cathode 접지 방식의 전자총을 가진 정전 편향 집속형의 전자선 증착 장치를 제작하였다. 가속전압이 0∼15kV, 필라멘트 전류가 0∼28A, 두 전극판 사이의 간격이 11mm, anode와 deflector 사이의 간격이 30mm인 최적 실험조건하에서 생성된 전자선 spot의 크기는 길이가 20mm 폭이 1mm였으며, 전자선의 출력은 약 400W였다. 이 전자선 증착 장치를 이용하여 1600℃까지의 증발 온도를 가진 도체와 절연체 등을 쉽게 증착시킬 수 있었으며, 만드어진 ITO 박막은 약 5000Å의 두께에서 10^-1∼10^-2Ω·㎝의 비저항과 95%의 광투과율을 갖는다. An electron beam evaporator with a cathode grounded type electron gun was designed and constructed in order to deposit ITO thin films for photovoltaic applications. The optimum condition was observed with electode spacing of 11mm, 30mm between anode and deflector, a cathode inner diameter of 3mm and an anode inner diameter of 5mm. As the accelerating voltage varies from 0 to 15kV and ghe filament current from 0 to 28 A, the minimum electron beam spot has a 20mm length, and 1mm width and the output power ranges from 0 to 400W under the above optimum conditions. We can deposit materials whose evaporation temperature is over 1600℃ using this evaporator. And as a result ITO thin film showed a low resistivity of 10^-1∼10^-2Ω·㎝ and the transmittance of 95%.

정신분열병 환자의 반응시간

최형식,정범석,김한규,송현주,이재원,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구배경: 주의력은 인지적인 정보처리과정(information processing)의 가장 기본적인 단계이다. 반응시간 (reaction time)은 주의력을 가장 잘 반영하는 검사 중 하나로서, 자극이 제시된 후 반응이 시작되기까지 반응 여부를 결정하는데 걸리는 시간인 판단 시간(decision time)과 반응이 시작되면서 목표에 도달할 때까지 시간인 운동시간(motor time)으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 기존의 연구결과로는, 정신분열병 환자군에서 반응시간의 수행이 떨어져 있다는 보고는 많이 되어왔으나 차이가 없다는 보고도 있으며, 판단시간과 운동시간 중 어느 부분에 장애가 있는지 명확하지 않다. 또한 반응시간 측정값은 질병의 진단적 유형(diagnostic subtype), 증상, 경과 등의 영향을 받으며 개체간의 변동(inter-individual variation)이 크고, 같은 피험자라도 측정시점이 다를 때마다 차이를 보이는 개체내 변동(intra-individual variation)이 커서 검사결과마다 차이를 보이고 있는 상태이다. 목적: 환자군은 개체간 변동이 크고 다른 임상적 요소에 의해 영향받는 점을 고려하여, 임상적으로 안정적인 경과에 있는 정신분열병 환자만을 대상으로 정상인 군과 반응시간의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 또한 반응시간을 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 측정하여 각각을 비교분석 하고자 하였고, 개체내 변동이 큰점을 고려하여 25회 반복 측정을 실시하고 이에 따른 변동의 경향성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: DSM-Ⅳ에 의해 '정신분열병'으로 진단된 환자로서, 급성기 이후 항정신병약물을 유지하고 있으며BPRS(brief psychiatric rating scale) 30점 이하의 임상적으로 안정적인 상태가 3개월 이상 유지된10명이 환자군으로 포함되었고, 정상인은 자원자 10명이 포함되었다. 검사도구는 비엔나 테스트 시스템 반응유닛(Reation Unit) 파라미터 S8을 이용하였다. 총 6가지의 자극이 무작위로 1측정시기(session) 당 총 32회 주어지고, 피험자는 이중 특정 자극에 8번만 반응하도록 되어 있다. 시작 전 1회 연습 후 총 25측정시기를 5분 간격으로 반복하였다. 반응 시간을 판단시간과 운동시간의 합으로 정의하고 세 가지 모두 컴퓨터를 이용하여 자동 측정되었다. 반응·판단·운동 시간의 비교에는 반복 측정을 고려한 분산분석(repeated measures analysis of variance)을 사용하였다. 결과: 환자군은 정상인에 비하여 유의하게 반응시간의 수행속도가 저하되어 있었다(p<0.01). 판단시간과 운동시간으로 나누어 볼 때, 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 느렸고(p<0.01), 운동시간은 수행저하의 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 25회 반복측정시 양군 모두 측정시기에 따른 유의한 변화를 보였고(p<0.01), 환자군의 반응시간은 개체간의 차이뿐 아니라 개체내 변동이 큰 경향을 보였다. 옳게 반응한 횟수(correct response)는 환자군에서 저하되는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 고찰: 정신분열병 환자군에서 판단시간이 유의하게 저하된 것은, 반응시간의 저하가 운동요소 보다는 인지적 요소에 의한 것임을 시사하는 것으로, 정보처리과정의 기본적인 단계인 주의력 장애를 보여주는 것으로 생각된다. 비교적 안정적이고 임상적인 특성이 동일한 환자군에서도 반응시간이 대조군에 비해 큰 개체간 차이와 개체내 변동성의 경향을 보였으며, 이는 단순한 측정오차라기 보다는 정신분열병 환자군의 인지기능의 특성을 반영하는 것으로 생각된다. 중심단어:정신분열병·반응시간·판단시간·운동시간·개체간 변동·개체내 변동. The reaction time(RT) has been known to reflect attention that controls the flow of information processing. Extensive research has demonstrated cognitive impairment in schizophr-enia subjects using RT taske. However, little work has been done examining the relative contribution of DT(decision time) and MT(motor time) to slowed RT in schizophrenics. Also, recent investigators have observed that schizophrenic patients exhibit larger intra-individual variability in RT than do normal comparison subjects. The purpose of this study, using multi-stimulus convergent RT task, was to explore the speed of RT, relative contribution of decision time(DT) and motor time(MT) to slowed RT, overall sequential profile in 25 repeated-time measurements in 10 schizophrenic out-patients and 10 normal control subjects. Overall reaction time and decision time were slower in schizophrenic subjects than in normal controls. The motor time was not shown to be significantly different between the two groups with 0.05 significance level, although there was some trend indicating schizophrenic subjects were slower consistently in repreated measurements over time. These results suggested that the slower reaction time in schizophrenic subjects was mostly determined by cognitive component, decision time rather than motor time. Sequential profile of repeated measurements showed greater intraindividual and interindividual variations in schizphrenics than in normal controls. These results indicate that high variabilities are not merely measurement errors but characteristic of schizophrenic psychopathology. KEY WORDS: Schizophrenia·Reaction time·Decision time·Motor time·Inter-individual variation·Intra-individual variation.

여성요도구협착의 수술적 교정

오범석,김도완,오철규,노안식,박석산 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Objective: We describe various clinical presentations of female urethral meatal stricture, which may mimic other pelvic floor disorders and result in diagnostic delay. Diagnosis, management, and outcome results are reported Materials and Methods: We reviewed retrospectively 26 consecutive cases of female urethral meatal stricture. Patient characteristics, history, clinical presentation, symptom score, maximal flow rate, residual urine, diagnosis, management and short-term follow up are reported. Results: Mean patient age plus or minus standard deviation was 54 years. Most 21 (81%) cases were referred as diagnostic dilemmas with symptoms present for 1 month to 30 years. Mean interval between onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 5.8 years. The most common symptoms were residual urine sensation (77% of cases), frequency (54%), pelvic pain (46%), dysuria (46%), weak stream urine (27%), urgency (15%) and 17 patients (65%) have combined symptoms. 16 patients (62%) had been treated with oral and/or vaginal medication and/or psychotherapy. The female urethral meatal stricture was visible on physical examination in 21 patients (81%) and cystoscopy in 5 patients (19%). Of these visible urethral meatal stricture, 11 patients (45%) contained recurrent urinary tract infection, 9 patients (35%) contained urethral mucosal prolapse, 7 patients (27%) contained urethral diverticulum, and 3 patients (12%) contained stress urinary incontinence. 18 patients (69%) who has been treated with oral and/or vaginal medication or psychotherapy was not successfully improved. Treatment consist of urethral meatal excision and/or everted urethral mucosal excision and/or urethral diverticulum excision and/or anti-incontinence surgery when indicated. Subsequently 24 patients (92%) had improved symptom score, but 2 patient was not changed. In 9 patients new symptom developed. Conclusions: Female urethral meatal stricture have several urinary symptoms and may mimic other pelvic floor disorders. This condition should be considered in women with frequency, residual urine sensation, pelvic pain, dysuria and etc. Medical treatment is not sufficient but surgical treatment is usually simple, safe and effective in alleviation associated symptoms.

장기간 요가운동이 알코올의존자의 면역글로블린에 미치는 영향

민범일,김홍식,김성곤 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Yoga exercise on Immunoglobulin(IgE, IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA) in the alcoholism. The subjects involved in this study consists of 14 people who were confirmed to have alcohol-related problems by DSM-Ⅳ(1994) of American Psychiatric Association and were diagnosed as alcoholism in hospital. The subjects were classified into yoga exercise group(7 people) and control group(7 people). The yoga exercise group participated in the exercise programs named Hatayoga and Asana. This treatment was performed an hour per day, three days a week for 16 weeks while the control group watched TV for the same time. A paired t-test was used to examine differences between pre, post 8weeks and post 16weeks test scores. The results are as follows. After 16 week yoga exercise, there was a significant increase(p<.01) of Immunoglobulin (IgM, IgA(p<.05) & IgG) in the experiment group, compared with the control group. In terms of periodic change, the experiment group showed a significant higher result(p<.01) than the control group after 16 weeks, rather than after the 8 weeks. The result of this study above indicates that the long-term low intensity exercise can activate Immunoglobulint in alcoholism.

非晶質 Silicon 薄膜의 製作 및 그 Doping 效果

최범식,김수길,고년규,황정남,정원모,이철주 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1982 學術論文集 Vol.9 No.-

SiH_4 기체에 PH_3 및 B_2H_6 기체를 0.7% 체적비로 혼합하여 rf glow 방전법으로 n형 및 p형 a-Si:H 박막을 기판온도 120℃에서 제작하여, 광투과도 측정, 열처리에 따른 전기 전도도의 변화 등을 조사하여 이들의 doping 효과를 연구하였다. n형, p형 및 undoped a-Si:H 박막의 optical gap은 각각 1.73eV, 1.86eV 및 1.86eV로 doping이 많이 이루어질수록 줄어 들었다. 250℃에서 열처리한 시료들의 상온에서의 전도도는 각각 2×10^-2Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-8Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-7Ω^-1㎝^-1이었고, 활성화 에너지 ??E는 각각 0.16eV, 0.49eV 및 0.48eV이었다. 300℃에서 열처리한 결과, ??E는 줄어 들고 전도도는 증가하였다. 350℃ 및 450℃에서 열처리한 결과 dehydrogenation 효과로 인하여 n형과 p형은 서로 상반되는 결과를 보였다. 즉, n형 시료의 전도도는 감소하고 ??E는 증가하였지만, P형 시료의 전도도는 증가하고 ??E는 감소하였다. 저온 영역에서 구한 n형 시료의 전도도로부터 hopping 활성화 에너지를 구한 결과 0.085eV이었다. Thin n-type and p-type a-Si:H films were prepared by rf glow discharge decomposition of silane mixed with 7×10^-3 parts per volume of phospine or diborane. All specimens were deposited on glass substrates held at 120℃. In order to determine the doping effects the opital absorption and dc conductivity of these specimens were measured after annealing at various temperatures. The optical gap was 1.73eV in the case of the n-type specimens, 1.80eV for the p-type, and 1.86eV undoped. This showed that the gap width decreased as the doping increased. The room temperatuer conductivities of these specimens annealed at 250℃ were 2×10^-2Ω^-1㎝^-1, 5×10^-8Ω^-1㎝^-1, and 5×10^-7Ω^-1㎝^-1, respectively, and the activation energies, ??E, of these specimens were 0.16eV, 0.49eV, and 0.48eV, respectively. For specimens annealed at 300℃, ??E decreased and the conductivity increased. When these specimens were annealed at 350℃ and 450℃, dehydrogenation caused opposite effects on the n-type and p-type specimens; the conductivities of n-type specimens decreased and ??E increased, but the conductivities of p-type specimens increased and ??E decreased.From an investigation of the temperature dependence of the conductivity of the n-type specimen in the low temperature region, we determined that the hopping activation energy was 0.085eV.

흰쥐 해마에서 경련에 의해 발현 유도된 MKP-1에 의한 MAPK 활성 조절

유범희,강웅구,안용민,정선주,전송희,박주배,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 전기경련 충격(Electroconvulsive shock, ECS) 및 카이닌산(kainic acid)에 의한 경련은 흰쥐 해마에서 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)를 활성화시키며, 동시에 MAPK 불활성화 효소인 MAPK phosphatase-1(MKP-1)의 발현을 일으킨다. 이 연구의 목적은 경련에 의해 발현된 MKP-1이 역시 경련에 의해 활성화된 MAPK의 불활성화에 관여하는지를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 방 법 : 흰쥐에 ECS를 가하여 해마에서 MKP-1 발현을 일으킨 뒤 다시 ECS를 가하고, 두 번째 ECS에 의한 MAPK의 일시적 활성화가 MKP-1의 발현상태에 의해 영향받는지를 알아보았다. 또한 흰쥐에 지속적인 MAPK 활성화 및 MKP-1 발현을 일으키는 카이닌산을 투여한 뒤 해마에서 MKP-1의 발현과 MAPK 활성과의 관계를 알아보았다. 결 과 : ECS후 해마에서 타이로신 인산화 면역블롯 및 효소활성으로 측정한 MAPK의 인산화 및 활성은 MKP-1의 발현이 일어나 있는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 사이에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 카이닌산의 투여에 의해 MAPK 활성화가 일어나는 경우, 뒤이어 MKP-1 발현이 일어나지만, 이렇게 발현된 MKP-1은 MAPK 활성을 충분히 감소시키지 못하였다. 결 론 : MKP-1은 흰쥐 해마에서 ECS 및 카이닌산에 의한 MAPK의 활성화를 차단하는데 큰 역할을 하지 않는다. Objectives : Both electroconvulsive shock(ECS)- and kainic acid-induced seizures activate mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) in rat hippocampus. They can also induce the expression of MAPK phosphatase-1(MKP-1) in rat hippocampus. MKP-1 is known as a specific MAPK deactivator. This study aimed to elucidate the role of MKP-1 in the deactivation of MAPKs in rat hippocampus. Methods : In order to induce MKP-1 in the hippocampus, ECS was given to the rats. At the time points when MKP-1 was sufficiently induced, the second ECS was given to them and the subsequent phosphorylation or activation of MAPKs were measured in the hippocampus. A second group of rats were injected with kainic acid and the relationship between MKP-1 expression and MAPK phosphorylation was examined in their hippocampi. Results : The expression of MKP-1 did not influence the phosphorylation or activation of MAPKs following ECS in rat hippocampus. Kainic acid-induced expression of MKP-1 did not significantly reduce the phosphorylation of MAPKs. Conclusion : MKP-1 did not play a significant role in the deactivation of MAPKs which were activated by ECS or kainic acid in rat hippocampus.