A new definition of violation based on accident/failure analyses in nuclear power plants

Bora Kang,Sung H.Han,Heekyung Moon,Dong Yeong Jeong,Yong-Hee Lee 대한인간공학회 2015 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The objective of this study is to define a violation, a type of human errors, based on a case study in nuclear power plants. Accidents in nuclear power plants are rare-accident of large, complex and high-reliability systems. Since the damage of an accident could be extremely enormous, many efforts have been underway to prevent the human errors. Especially, the violation is a newly emerging type of human errors but its concept is not clearly defined in the nuclear industry. A total of 28 reports related to the human error accidents/failures in the last 10 years were collected from NEED (Nuclear Event Evaluation Database) in KINS-OPIS (Operational Performance Information System). The relationship between causal factors and violations were analyzed by the fault tree analysis (FTA) and the human related event root cause analysis method (HuRAM). As a result, the characteristics of violations were identified and four types of violations (routine, situational, avoidance and optimizing violations) were newly defined. The results of this study can be used to develop proactive countermeasures and implement a supervisory system for preventing violations.

Korean Early Childhood Teachers’ Perceptions of the Importance and Performance of the “Play Environment”

Bora Kang,Hong-Ju Jun,Seenyoung Park The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2022 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that need to be improved to provide the quality play environment in early childhood education (ECE). This study is designed to examine the differences between the importance and performance of the play environment as perceived by early childhood teachers in Korea. For the analysis, the play environment was divided into “environment giving comfort,” “environment supporting child-initiated learning,” “environment fostering aesthetic sensitivity,” and “environment fostering creativity.” A total of 277 early childhood teachers completed the online questionnaire, and the data obtained were analyzed based on mean, standard deviation, paired-sample t-test, and importance-performance analysis. Results indicate that, first, the importance of the play environment was statistically significantly higher than performance across all areas. Second, the area where the current situation can be maintained was “environment giving comfort.” The areas requiring intensive improvement were “environment supporting child-initiated learning” and “environment fostering aesthetic sensitivity.” The area requiring gradual improvement was “environment fostering creativity.” The findings from this study have implication in providing effective play environments in ECE institutions.

Ideation Framework for Sensor based Context-Aware Wearable Device Design

Bora Kang,Sung H.Han,Joohwan Park,Heekyung Moon,Dong Yeong Jeong 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.11

Objective: In this study, we proposed ideation framework for new wearable device products and service by combinations of several important factors related to wearable device. Background: The market of wearable devices has gradually increased and customer needs for new products and service from wearable device have also increased. Method: We developed a systematic framework to generate a competitive idea. First of all, three factors were extracted: user context, possible functions of the wearable device, and the recognition sensor technology. Final ideas can be extracted by two combination steps: step 1. Scenario development and evaluation, step 2. Idea development and evaluation. Discussion: The iterative process of development and evaluation can help to extract the competitive idea from the broad scope of wearable device and its applications.

Investigation of the design factors affecting the sense of space in coach driver’s seat

Bora Kang,Chung Sik Kim,Heejin Kim,Mingyu Lee,Min K. Chung,Bong-ha Hwang 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.5

Objective: In this study, we investigated several factors that affect the sense of space in coach drivers’ seat, by interview with coach drivers. Background: The cockpit should be ergonomically designed because the cockpit driver’s seat is the main workspace of drivers who driving for long hours in a day and it is related to the safety of the driver and many passengers. For this, considering the sense of space that can reduce fatigue and discomfort is very important, as well as considering operability that enables efficient driving work. Method: The 34 cockpit drivers in the field were interviewed to identify whether they feel discomforts in their seat or not and what situations and what factors of coach influence the sense of space. To get more specific information, the cockpit space was subdivided into 4 spaces; the whole space, the front space, the rear space, and the space for ingress/egress. Results: Overall, the degree of the identified discomfort was not critical but there were things to be improved. For each space, related factors were identified and those factors are as follows; the space size in the whole space, the distance from pedal to steering wheel in the front space, the distance to guard in the rear space, and the distance from guard to dashboard in the space for ingress/egress. Conclusion: In this study, by interview with coach drivers, we identified their discomforts of drivers’ seat in the sense of space and related design factors. Even though the degree of their discomforts is not critical and not significant to their driving, more pleasant working space for the sense of space should be created by resolving the existing discomforts. Application: The results of this study can be used for ergonomically designing the more pleasant and safe coach cockpit, considering ‘the sense of space’.

Sound feedback of mid-air pointing gesture interaction with a head-mounted display

Bora Kang,Sung H., Han,Jiyoung Kwahk,Kyudong Park 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of sound feedback and to improve usability of mid-air pointing gesture interaction with a head-mounted display. Recently, the mid-air gesture interaction on three-dimensional space has become more prevalent with the motion recognition technology. In the interaction, sounds have been actively utilized to provide various information to users. In an experiment, there were two independent variables: FEEDBACKS (no sound feedback / case-triggered sound feedback / continuous sound feedback with varying frequency / continuous sound feedback with varying duration) and TRACKS (curved / straight). The participants performed a path following task while keeping the center of tracks. The results showed that the continuous feedbacks coupled to pointing gesture helped the participants perform the task more accurate and finally get better performance in deviation because they could easily get information about deviation and could keep concentration on their task. The results of this study can be used to enhance user experience of gestural interaction with sound feedback in various areas: virtual reality, augmented reality and large-display interaction.

Research on the gesture design tendency of UI experts and users

Bora Kang,Eunjung Choi,Heejin Kim,Mingyu Lee,Seungjae Oh,Dong Yeong Jeong,Hanul Bang,Min K. Chung 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Objective: In this study, to find the design tendency of gesture commands of the two groups, User Interface (UI) experts and users, we compared the results of their evaluations to gesture candidates which can be applied to domestic appliances. Background: The candidates for gesture commands of appliances can be various. To apply the gestures for appliances, the best gestures should be chosen properly by considering opinions from not only experts but also users. Method: 5 UI experts and 32 users with various range of age participated in the experiment. After watching videos showing gesture candidates, they evaluated each gesture of commands for domestic appliances such as air-conditioner, audio and door. For each gesture, the UI experts rated the overall good to match of each gesture and the users rated the preference of each gesture by the 100-point scale. Results: As a result, we derived preferred gestures with above 50 point for each command. Then we analyzed the commonly preferred gestures from two groups and only preferred gestures from users. Conclusion: As a basis for the designing suitable gestures for domestic appliances, we analyzed opinions from both the groups. This study suggests which opinions should be considered, according to kind of the groups and how they can be utilized. Application: The results of this study can be applied to designing gesture interfaces of several appliances in a smart-home.

20대 여성 팬덤의 감정 구조와 문화 실천

강보라(Bora Kang),서지희(Jihee Seo),김선희(Sunhee Kim) 한국여성커뮤니케이션학회 2018 미디어, 젠더 & 문화 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구에서는 〈프로듀스 101 시즌2〉의 수용자를 단순한 시청자가 아닌 팬덤으로 규정하고 이 팬덤을 촉발하고 유지시킨 감정 구조에 주목했다. 즉 감정을 팬덤을 생성하고 강화하는 주요한 동인으로 보고, 감정이 팬덤 내에서 어떻게 구조화되는지 살펴보았다. 감정적 경험이 팬으로서의 정체화와 팬덤 내 구체적인 팬 수행과 관련이 있을 것이라 예상하는 한편 여성 팬덤이 스스로의 팬 감정에 어떤 사회 문화적 의미를 부여하고 있는지 탐색하고자 했다. 분석 결과 〈프로듀스 101 시즌2〉의 20대 여성 팬덤 내에서 아이돌이라는 대상과 감정을 기반으로 한 상상적 관계가 강력하게 작동하고 있음을 발견했다. 연구 참여자들은 아이돌에 대한 상상적 대상화를 통해 자유롭고 주체적인 관계를 형성했고, 이때 구조화된 팬 감정은 팬덤의 세대적⋅젠더적 배경과도 연관성을 가졌다. 이러한 감정 기반의 관계 맺음은 팬덤의 구체적인 문화 실천으로 이어지고 있었는데, 20대 여성 팬덤이 정동 노동을 중심으로 집합적 감정까지도 공유하는 공동체로 나아가고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아이돌 팬덤을 작동시키는 동인이자 팬덤을 둘러싼 다양한 주체들과 관계를 맺도록 이어주는 매개로서 감정 구조를 탐색한 이 작업은 결과적으로 20대 여성 팬덤의 정체성을 발견하도록 이끌었다. 우선 20대 여성 팬덤이 고유한 방식으로 팬덤의 정동 경제적 측면을 전유하고 있음을 언급할 수 있다. 또한 연구 참여자들은 팬덤을 통해 학교나 회사 등지에서 사라진 공동체의 기능을 학습하며 연대의 경험을 축적했다. 이를 통해 팬덤이 팬들의 개별적 경험을 사회적 경험으로 확장시키는 역할을 이행하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. This study addressed the affective structure related to fandom that was organized and maintained among audiences of a survival reality television show ‘Produce 101, Season 2’. This study analyzed how the affect of the audience, who were defined as a fandom in this study, was structured while the affect is the main driver in the construction and expansion of fandom. The study also examined what the socio-cultural significance these women had toward their own fan activities. Furthermore, the study showed a strong imaginative relationship established among those women of the fandom based on their idols and associated affects. They formed a liberal and self-controlled relationship by objectifying their idols through their imagination, thereby constructing their fan identity and various affective connections. The affect-based relationship allowed fandoms to play major roles in eliciting specific cultural practice. Finally, while forming the fandom, they acted as a community where they shared their collective sentiment based on affective labor. This study explored the affective structure as a driver of fandom creation as well as an intermediate variable that connects different women of a fandom to establish relationship and consequently identified the identity shared by the women in their 20s. In conclusion, the fandom played roles in helping women expand their experience at an individual level into skills that they can apply in social situations.

아카이브 액티비즘에 대한 시론적 고찰: ‘기레기’ 아카이빙 사례를 중심으로

강보라(Kang, Bora) 한양대학교 평화연구소 2021 문화와 정치 Vol.8 No.3

이 글은 한국사회 내에서 아카이브 액티비즘의 가능성과 의미를 탐색한다. 이를 위해 ‘기레기’ 담론이 급등한 이후, 민간 영역에서 만들어진 ‘기레기’ 아카이빙 사례를 분석대상으로 삼는다. 2021년 현재 ‘기레기’ 아카이빙 사이트는 언론이 사회의 주요한 의제를 설정하고 거대 권력을 감시하는 기능을 제대로 이행하지 못하고 있다는 전제를 바탕으로 언론 기사를 지속적으로 수집하고 유형에 따라 분류 및 평가하는 시스템을 운영 중이다. 이 같은 웹 환경에서의 아카이빙은 아카이브의 주체가 특정 기관과 전문가에서 일반 대중으로까지 확대될 수 있다는 가능성과 그로 인해 아카이브의 방식이나 내용 또한 기존의 공적 아카이브와는 달라질 수 있다는 가능성을 내포한다. 무엇보다 ‘기레기’ 아카이빙 사례가 기존의 전문지식이 관심을 가지지 않거나 설명하기 어려운 영역에 대한 정보 관계를 구성하고 있음을 주목할 필요가 있다. 이런 맥락에서 ‘기레기’ 아카이빙이 등장하게 된 사회문화적 배경을 검토하고, ‘기레기’ 아카이빙의 구조적 특징을 밝히는 가운데 이 사례가 아카이브 액티비즘의 가능성을 내포하는지 비판적으로 논의하고자 한다. 궁극적으로 분석을 통해 시민사회가 기록주체로서 재현하는 현실의 상을 이해할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study was a preliminary study on the possibility and meaning of archival activism in South Korea. This study examined the private Giregi archive that was created after the 2014 Sewol ferry disaster and the surge in Giregi discourse. The Giregi archive collects, categorizes, and evaluates media on the premise that the media should set social agendas and monitor powerful actors in society, such as governments and companies, but it is not. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the emergence of the Giregi archive and its structural characteristics as a private effort. The analysis examined the Giregi archive in South Korea as a form of activism to determine its socio-cultural implications. The results of this study showed the characteristics of archival activism and the expansion of civic archives in South Korea.

SF 속 ‘호모 뮤턴트’의 특성과 유형에 관한 연구

강보라(Bora Kang) 한국콘텐츠학회 2009 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

SF에 등장하는 다양한 돌연변이 캐릭터들은 상당히 긴 계보를 지닌다. 고대 그리스의 반인ㆍ반수 사티로스에서부터 늑대인간, 뱀파이어, 초능력자, 기생물체에 이르기까지 그 종류와 성격도 수백 가지에 이른다. 그러나 국내 문화콘텐츠 시장에서는 SF 장르 내 가장 유서 깊은 소재 중에 하나인 돌연변이에 대한 접근이 거의 없었을 뿐 아니라, SF 분야 자체에 대한 논의도 활발하지 못했다. 본 논문에서는 SF에 등장하는 돌연변이 중 인간과 연관된 형태만을 선별해 ‘호모 뮤턴트’라고 명명하고, 그 특성과 유형에 대해 정리해 보고자 한다. 인간과 변종의 경계를 해체하는 혼종으로 때론 생물학 적인 감수성과 인격을 내제한 채, 인간과 공생 파트너로서의 가능성까지 내비치는 SF 속 ‘호모 뮤턴트’를 살펴봄으로써, 인류사가 가졌던 그에 대한 끊임없는 상상력이 당대의 시대상과 어떤 관계를 맺고 있는지 분석해 보고자 한다. 나아가 ‘호모 뮤턴트’가 문화콘텐츠로서 명실 공히 ‘흥행코드’로 사용될 수밖에 없는 이유도 도출해 보고자 한다. The characteristic of mutant has long history, which is shown in various science fictions. There are different types and characters like Satyrs from Ancient Greek to superheroes in present. In fact, however, mutant as a cultural content has not been discussed sufficiently in Korea, even if related analyses were required indeed. In the thesis the characteristic and types of 'Homo Mutant' will be introduced and analyzed in many aspects and look for the reason why 'Homo Mutant' can be revealed and apply for further possibilities.

악기연주하기 활동의 중요도와 실행도에 대한 유아교사의 인식: IPA 기법을 중심으로

강보라(Kang, Bora),송나리(Song, Nari),김시나브로(Kim, Shinabrow) 성신여자대학교 교육문제연구소 2019 교육연구 Vol.75 No.-

본 연구는 유아교사가 악기연주하기 활동에 대해 인식하고 있는 중요도와 실행도 간의 차이를 활동계획, 활동내용, 활동방법, 활동평가, 환경구성으로 나누어 살펴보고, 유아교육현장에서 악기연주하기 활동을 위해 우선적으로 지원되어야 할항목과 장기적 개선이 요구되는 항목을 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구는 유아교사 291명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 연구문제에 따라 평균, 표준편차, t-검정, IPA 기법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 유아교사의 악기연주하기 활동계획, 활동내용, 활동방법, 활동평가, 환경구성의 모든 영역에서 실행도보다 중요도가 통계적으로 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 악기연주하기 활동의 항목에서 우선 지원 되어야 할항목은 활동방법 1개로 나타났다. 장기적으로 개선이 요구되는 영역에는 활동방법 4개, 활동평가 5개, 환경구성 3개 항목으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아교육기관에서 이루 어지는 악기연주하기 활동의 활성화를 위한 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. This study set out to examine differences between the importance and implementation of the playing-an-instrument activity perceived by early childhood teachers according to the plan, content, method, and evaluation of an activity and environmental organization and to analyze the items that should be first supported and the ones that would require a long-term improvement for the activity in the field of early childhood education. The study conducted a survey with 291 early childhood teachers and analyzed data in mean, standard deviation, paired-sample t-test, and IPA according to the research questions. The findings were as follows: first, the importance of the playing-an-instrument activity was higher with statistical significance than its implementation across all the areas of activity planning, content, method, and evaluation and environmental organization among the early childhood teachers; and secondly, one item in the activity method area required priority supports in the playing-an-instrument activity, and four, five, and three items in the activity method, activity evaluation, and environmental organization area required a long-term improvement. These findings will provide implications for the vitalization of the playing-an-instrument activity at early childhood education institutions.