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Bilal, Saqib,Khan, Abdul Latif,Shahzad, Raheem,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Imran, Muhammad,Khan, Muhammad Jamil,Al-Harrasi, Ahmed,Kim, Tae Han,Lee, In-Jung Elsevier 2018 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.164 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Chromium Cr(VI) is highly toxic and leads to impaired phenotypic plasticity of economically important crops. The current study assessed an endophytic-bacteria assisted metal bio-remediation strategy to understand stress-alleviating mechanisms in <I>Glycine max</I> L (soybean) plants inoculated with <I>Sphingomonas</I> sp. LK11 under severe Cr(VI) toxicity. The screening analysis showed that high Cr concentrations (5.0 mM) slightly suppressed LK11 growth and metal uptake by LK11 cells, while significantly enhancing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Endophytic LK11 significantly upregulated its antioxidant system compared to control by enhancing reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities to counteract Cr-induced oxidative stress. Cr toxicity induced cell morphological alteration, as shown by SEM-EDX analysis and triggered significant lipid peroxidation. The interaction between LK11 and soybean in Cr-contaminated soil significantly increased plant growth attributes and down-regulated the synthesis of endogenous defense-related phytohormones, salicylic acid and abscisic acid, by 20% and 37%, respectively, and reduced Cr translocation to the roots, shoot, and leaves. Additionally, Cr-induced oxidative stress was significantly reduced in LK11-inoculated soybean, regulating metal responsive reduced GSH and enzymatic antioxidant CAT. Current findings indicate that LK11 may be a suitable candidate for the bioremediation of Cr-contaminated soil and stimulation of host physiological homeostasis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Endophytic LK11 act as an alternative strategy for alleviating chromium stress from soybean. </LI> <LI> IAA producing capability of LK11 was remarkably upregulated Under chromium stress. </LI> <LI> LK11 assoiciation promoted host plant growth attributes and modulated endogenous hormones and antioxidants. </LI> <LI> LK11 Inoculated soybean displayed reduced accumulation of chromium. </LI> </UL> </P>
Magnetic Characteristics of Biological Fluid in Nonlinear Thermally Radiated Blood Flow
Bilal Ahmed,Sami Ullah Khan,M. Ijaz Khan,Soumaya Gouadria,Abdul H. Hamid,Mehreen Yousaf,M. Y. Malik 한국자기학회 2022 Journal of Magnetics Vol.27 No.1
The numerical solution of the flow non-Newtonian fluid induced by stretching sheet in the region of oblique stagnation point flow under inducement of externally applied uniform magnetic field orthogonal to the flow is presented. The analysis is made under the assumption of boundary layer which arrives to the system of partial differential equations which are then transformed to ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformations. The numerical solution of the modeled system of equation is obtained by parallel shooting technique and presented for different variations of involved parameters. It is noted that enhancement in magnetic field results in decrease in horizontal velocity and boundary layer becomes thinner. The obtained results are compared with the available results in the literature and found in excellent agreement in the limiting cases.
A Low-Complexity Pedestrian Detection Framework for Smart Video Surveillance Systems
Bilal, Muhammad,Khan, Asim,Khan, Muhammad Umar Karim,Kyung, Chong-Min Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for vide Vol.27 No.10
<P>Pedestrian detection is a key problem in computer vision and is currently addressed with increasingly complex solutions involving compute-intensive features and classification schemes. In this scope, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) in conjunction with linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier is considered to be the single most discriminative feature that has been adopted as a stand-alone detector as well as a key instrument in advance systems involving hybrid features and cascaded detectors. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detection framework that is computationally less expensive as well as more accurate than HOG-linear SVM. The proposed scheme exploits the discriminating power of the locally significant gradients in building orientation histograms without involving complex floating point operations while computing the feature. The integer-only feature allows the use of powerful histogram inter-section kernel SVM classifier in a fast lookup-table-based implementation. Resultantly, the proposed framework achieves at least 3% more accurate detection results than HOG on standard data sets while being 1.8 and 2.6 times faster on conventional desktop PC and embedded ARM platforms, respectively, for a single scale pedestrian detection on VGA resolution video. In addition, hardware implementation on Altera Cyclone IV field-programmable gate array results in more than 40% savings in logic resources compared with its HOG-linear SVM competitor. Hence, the proposed feature and classification setup is shown to be a better candidate as the single most discriminative pedestrian detector than the currently accepted HOG-linear SVM.</P>
Khan, Abdul Latif,Bilal, Saqib,Halo, Boshra Ahmed,Al-Harrasi, Ahmed,Khan, Abdur Rahim,Waqas, Muhammad,Al-Thani, Ghanim Salim,Al-Amri, Issa,Al-Rawahi, Ahmed,Lee, In-Jung Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2017 Journal of plant interactions Vol.12 No.1
<P>Current study aimed at exploring the diversity of bacterial endophytes with Boswellia sacra and their role in copper (Cu) stress to tomato plants. Bacterial endophytes were belonged to Bacillus, Rhizobium and Paenibacillus, which were screened against Cu (0=10 mM) stress to dwarf and normal rice seeds. Among strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BSL16 showed significantly higher bioremediation potential by accumulating high Cu and promoting growth of rice seeds. B. amyloliquefaciens BSL16 significantly increased growth of tomato plants during 2.5 mM Cu stress. Active colonization of BSL16 reduced the accumulation of Cu in leaf, shoot, and root, and in parallel up-regulated total protein contents in leaf and stem. Glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione contents were significantly higher and lipid peroxidation was lower in endophyte-treated tomato plants as compared to Cu treatment. The current results conclude that application of metal bio-accumulating bacteria can help in improving the plant growth of tomato plants during Cu stress.</P>
Mechanical and thermal properties of carboxymethyl fibers (CMF)/PVA based nanocomposite membranes
Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi,Zaib Jahan,Arooj Ahmed,Bushra Uzair,Ahmad Mukhtar,Øyvind Weiby Gregersen 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.90 No.-
Carboxymethylfibers (CMF) of cellulose are renewable biopolymer and have shown strong reinforcingproperties when added to a compatible polymer matrix. The objective of this study was to investigate theeffect of CMF on the mechanical, thermal and swelling properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes. The PVA/CMF composite membranes with different proportions of CMF ranging from 1 wt.% to 6 wt.%were prepared by solution casting method. The membranes were characterized by SEM, TGA, XRD, FTIRand mechanical testing. The results revealed that at low CMF concentration composite membranesshowed homogenous dispersion of CMF in PVA matrix. The incorporation of CMF enhanced thecrystallinity of composite membranes with increase in relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, themechanical strength and moisture uptake of PVA/CMF nanocomposite membranes were enhanced afterinclusion of CMF. TGA and DSC results revealed that the addition of CMF has no significant impact on thethermal properties. PVA/CMF nanocomposite membranes showed good potential to be applied for gasseparation application particularly for CO2 capture.
Muhammad Bilal,Tasneem G. Kazi,Hassan I. Afridi,Mohammad Balal Arain,Jameel A. Baig,Mustafa Khan,Naeemullah Khan 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.40 No.-
A new method based on modification of cloud point extraction for simultaneous enrichment ofcadmium, lead and copper in water and fish muscle samples was proposed. The extraction efficiency bymodified cloud point extraction (m-CPE) was compared with conventional cloud point extraction (c-CPE)method. The procedure for both CPE methods was comprised of formation of metal complexes with ahydrophobic chelating agent, dithizone, followed by entrapment of the chelates in a nonionic surfactant,Triton X-114. For c-CPE, the surfactant rich phase was treated with ethanolic solution of nitric acid andanalyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Whereas for m-CPE, aqueous nitric acid wasused to back extract the metal ions from the surfactant rich phase and finally determined. The efficiencyof the methods was tested by analyzing certified reference material and standard addition to a realsample. All the experimental parameters were optimized. At optimized experimental conditions,preconcentration and enhancement factors were 62.5 and 78.0 to 83.0 respectively for m-CPE, 25.0 and56.0% higher than that of c-CPE. This improvement might be due to elimination of the effects ofsurfactant on the signal of analytes by FAAS. The developed method of m-CPE was applied successfullyfor analysis of the selected heavy metals in water and muscle tissues samples of fish of different lakes inSindh, Pakistan.
Muhammad Bilal Khan,강문수,Shah Sayed Chhattan,강신각 한국전자통신연구원 2014 ETRI Journal Vol.36 No.3
To achieve high-speed (giga-bit) connectivity for shortrangewireless multimedia applications, the millimeterwave(mmWave) wireless personal area networks withdirectional antennas are gaining increased interest. Due tothe use of directional antennas and mmWavecommunications, the probability of non-interferingtransmissions increases in a localized region. Networkthroughput can be increased immensely by the concurrenttime allocation of non-interfering transmissions. Theproblem of finding optimum time allocation for concurrenttransmissions is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, wepropose two enhanced versions of previously proposedmulti-hop concurrent transmission (MHCT) schemes. Toincrease network capacity, the proposed schemes efficientlymake use of the free holes in the time-allocation map of theMHCT scheme; thus, making it more compact.