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Muhammad Bilal,Shoaib FREED,Saleh MUHAMMAD,Muhammad Zubair ASHRAF,Muhammad Bismillah KHAN 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4
Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous insect of crops and vegetables, is acquiring resistance against many commercial insecticides. The present study shows variations in the activity of two detoxification enzymes, namely esterase and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), in H. armigera after exposure to different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi. After treatment of larvae with the different isolates (Day 0), samples were collected on three days (Days 3, 5 and 7) for enzyme analysis. High GST activity was found in samples of hemolymph, intestine and fat bodies of H. armigera following treatment with Beauveria bassiana (isolate Bb‐08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma‐11.1 and Ma‐4.1), and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If‐02 and If‐2.3). High esterase activity was recorded in samples of the intestine and fat bodies on various days after treatment, whereas increased esterase activity in hemolymph was noted only in samples from Day 5 after treatment with M. anisopliae (Ma‐4.1). The detection of high GST and esterase activity demonstrates the possibility of the development of resistance against these microbial control agents in H. armigera.
Remediation of arsenic-contaminated water using agricultural wastes as biosorbents
Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal,Niazi, Nabeel Khan,Bibi, Irshad,Murtaza, Ghulam,Kunhikrishnan, Anitha,Seshadri, Balaji,Shahid, Muhammad,Ali, Shafaqat,Bolan, Nanthi S.,Ok, Yong Sik,Abid, Muhammad,Ali, Fawad Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Critical reviews in environmental science and tech Vol.46 No.5
<P>Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater reservoirs is a global environmental and health issue given to its toxic and carcinogenic nature. Over 170 million people have been affected by As due to the ingestion of As-contaminated groundwater. Conventional methods such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and electrodialysis are commonly used for the remediation of As-contaminated water; however, the high cost and sludge production put limitations on their application to remove As from water. This review critically addresses the use of various agricultural waste materials (e.g., sugarcane bagasse, peels of various fruits, wheat straw) as biosorbents, thereby offering an eco-friendly and low-cost solution for the removal of As from contaminated water supplies. The effect of solution chemistry such as solution pH, cations, anions, organic ligands, and various other factors (e.g., temperature, contact time, sorbent dose) on As biosorption, and safe disposal methods for As-loaded biosorbents to reduce secondary As contamination are also discussed.</P>
Muhammad Bilal Khan,강문수,Shah Sayed Chhattan,강신각 한국전자통신연구원 2014 ETRI Journal Vol.36 No.3
To achieve high-speed (giga-bit) connectivity for shortrangewireless multimedia applications, the millimeterwave(mmWave) wireless personal area networks withdirectional antennas are gaining increased interest. Due tothe use of directional antennas and mmWavecommunications, the probability of non-interferingtransmissions increases in a localized region. Networkthroughput can be increased immensely by the concurrenttime allocation of non-interfering transmissions. Theproblem of finding optimum time allocation for concurrenttransmissions is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, wepropose two enhanced versions of previously proposedmulti-hop concurrent transmission (MHCT) schemes. Toincrease network capacity, the proposed schemes efficientlymake use of the free holes in the time-allocation map of theMHCT scheme; thus, making it more compact.
MUHAMMAD TANVEER,AMIR HABIB,MUHAMMAD BILAL KHAN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2013 NANO Vol.8 No.3
Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers were synthesized by optimizing various electrospinning conditions. The effect of the precursor's concentration present in sol used for electrospinning was studied for the performance of hybrid photovoltaic devices. The synthesized nanofibers were characterized by XRD and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and morphology of the fibers were investigated by FE-SEM. The surface of fibers was modified, and these modified fibers were applied to P3HT/TiO2/ N719 composite nanofibers photovoltaic devices. The device performance was investigated by analysis of the incident photon to current conversion efficiency and a J–V characteristic under 1. 5G illuminations, which show that efficiency of the devices, can be improved from 0.13% to 0.83% by introducing TiO2 nanofibers synthesized by optimum precursor's concentration.
A Review of Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Copper Nanoparticles Using Green Method
Muhammad Rafique,Ahson J. Shaikh,Reena Rasheed,Muhammad Bilal Tahir,Hafiz FaiqBakhat,MUHAMMAD SHAHID RAFIQUE,Faiz Rabbani 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2017 NANO Vol.12 No.4
To address accosts of this modern age, the synthesis of metal nanoparticles is more important than ever. Copper has been recognized as a nontoxic, safe inorganic material, cheaper antibacterial/antifungal agent, and has high potential in a wide range of biological, catalytic and sensors applications more particularly in the form of nanoparticles. This resulted in the development of numerous methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. As conventional methods like chemical and physical methods have several limitations so there is need to an alternate method. Due to nontoxic and eco-friendly nature, it has recently been shifted toward green synthesis of copper nanoparticles over conventional methods. Additionally, characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles is essential for their use in various applications. This review gives an overview of environment friendly synthesis method of copper nanoparticles and their applications on the basis of their potential selectivity and preferences in a number of fields like material sciences and biomedicine.
Robust Model Free Fuzzy Adaptive Controller with fuzzy and crisp Feedback Error Learning schemes
Muhammad Bilal Kadri 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
The aim of the paper is to investigate the different feedback error learning strategies used in conjunction with the Model Free Fuzzy Adaptive Controller (MFFAC). MFFAC guarantees tight control performance in the presence of disturbances and plant uncertainties. These uncertainties might arise due to the un-modelled dynamics of the plant under control or due to the different sensors introduced in the control loop at various points. The MFFAC is based on the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) philosophy and develops an inverse model of the plant by incorporating feedback error learning (FEL) strategy. The MFFAC is modelled as a fuzzy relational model and the identification scheme used is computationally undemanding. FEL governs the behaviour of the MFFAC during the learning phase i.e. whether the fuzzy controller will behave as a PI, PD or PID controller. It is an integral part of the overall identification scheme because it estimates the correct control signal which is consequently used to update the controller parameters. Fuzzy and crisp versions of the FEL have been studied and the comparison of the different approaches is discussed and their impact on the control performance is elaborated.
Monitoring Effectiveness of Self-Managing System-A Review
Muhammad Usman Bilal,Muhammad Waseem Iqbal,Khowla Khaliq 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2022 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10
Software systems are widely spreading throughout and moving towards autonomic environment. Self-managing systems are designed so that they make adaptive decisions and are self-governing, self-directed and self-adapting. Self-managed systems are classified into basic requirements of self-configuration, self-protecting, self-healing and self-optimizing by IBM. Most of fact-findings has been taken out on implementation and benefits of self-managed systems. Some work on the evaluation of self-managed systems has been done. In this re-search work, seven metrics given by Claudia are applied on self-managed operating system proposed by previous researchers and induce a new monitoring module which will help in measuring the effectiveness of self-healing operating system.