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        Application of conventional and modified cloud point extraction for simultaneous enrichment of cadmium, lead and copper in lake water and fish muscles

        Muhammad Bilal,Tasneem G. Kazi,Hassan I. Afridi,Mohammad Balal Arain,Jameel A. Baig,Mustafa Khan,Naeemullah Khan 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.40 No.-

        A new method based on modification of cloud point extraction for simultaneous enrichment ofcadmium, lead and copper in water and fish muscle samples was proposed. The extraction efficiency bymodified cloud point extraction (m-CPE) was compared with conventional cloud point extraction (c-CPE)method. The procedure for both CPE methods was comprised of formation of metal complexes with ahydrophobic chelating agent, dithizone, followed by entrapment of the chelates in a nonionic surfactant,Triton X-114. For c-CPE, the surfactant rich phase was treated with ethanolic solution of nitric acid andanalyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Whereas for m-CPE, aqueous nitric acid wasused to back extract the metal ions from the surfactant rich phase and finally determined. The efficiencyof the methods was tested by analyzing certified reference material and standard addition to a realsample. All the experimental parameters were optimized. At optimized experimental conditions,preconcentration and enhancement factors were 62.5 and 78.0 to 83.0 respectively for m-CPE, 25.0 and56.0% higher than that of c-CPE. This improvement might be due to elimination of the effects ofsurfactant on the signal of analytes by FAAS. The developed method of m-CPE was applied successfullyfor analysis of the selected heavy metals in water and muscle tissues samples of fish of different lakes inSindh, Pakistan.

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