Hematological and biochemical effects of Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei on the liver and kidney of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

Afolabi Olajide Joseph,Abejide Eunice Adekemi 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2021 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.21 No.2

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hematological and biochemical effects of the Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei in Nigerian traditional medicine for treatment of malaria. The hematological and biochemical activities of the plants against established Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection was evaluated in mice treated with extracts of Morinda lucida, Alstonia boonei, combined recipe of the plant extracts at graded doses of 400, 600, 800 mg/kg and chloroquine (a standard drug) at 10 mg/kg. The hematological results obtained after 12 days post infection showed that the white blood cell counts of mice treated with 400 mg/kg of Morinda lucida and 800 mg/kg of Alstonia boonei are significantly higher compared to the untreated group, chloroquine treated and negative control groups. Also the mean value of hemoglobin per red blood cell is low in infected mice treated with Alstonia boonei at 400 mg/kg and the combined recipe of plant extracts at 400 mg/kg compared to other groups such as the group treated with combined recipe of plant extracts at 800 mg/kg and the control group. The biochemical test showed significant increase in mean level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotrans-ferase, total protein and albumin of all the treatment groups when compared to the control group. Therefore, the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from these medicinal plants can be explored for obtaining less toxic and effective antimalarial drug.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Some Nigerian Indigenous Medicinal Plants

Afolabi C. Akinmoladun,Efere M. Obuotor,Ebenezer O. Farombi 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.2

Methanolic extracts of 10 selected Nigerian medicinal plants—Psidium guajava, Alstonia boonei, Cassia alata, Newbouldia laevis, Spondias mombin, Globimetula cupulatum, Chromolaena odorata, Securidaca longepedunculata, Ocimum gratissimum, and Morinda lucida—widely used in ethnomedicine, were assessed for phytochemical constituents and antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities using seven different antioxidant assay methods. Phytochemical screening gave positive tests for steroids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids contained in the extracts. P. guajava contained the highest amount of total phenolics (380.08±4.40mg/L gallic acid equivalents), and the highest amounts of total flavonoids were found in the leaf extracts of C. alata (275.16±1.62μg/mL quercetin equivalents [QE]), C. odorata (272.12±2.32μg/mL QE), and P. guajava (269.72±2.78μg/mL QE). Percentage 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was highest in S. mombin (88.58±3.04%) and P. guajava (82.79±2.84%) and compared with values obtained for ascorbic acid and gallic acid. All the extracts, generally, had low nitric oxide radical scavenging activities, and G. cupulatum had the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (63.84±0.97%). The extracts in general demonstrated high lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, with only M. lucida (38.74±1.99%) and A. boonei (47.16±0.59%) being exceptions. The reductive potential was highest in P. guajava (0.79±0.04) and least in S. longepedunculata (0.26±0.00). DPPH assay correlated well with total phenolic contents (r2=0.76) and reductive potential (r2=0.81) and fairly with lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (r2=0.51). There was a good correlation between total phenolic contents and reductive potential (r2=0.79) and a fair correlation between total phenolic contents and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (r2=0.55). These results suggest that the methanolic extracts of the studied plant parts possess significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities that may be due to the phytochemical content of the plants and as such make them potential candidates as natural chemoprophylactic agents. In addition, multiple assay methods should be used in comparing antioxidant capacities of samples to have a reliable result.

Amortized Weighted Averaging for Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Systems

Afolabi, Richard O.,Nguyen, Binh V.,Kiseon Kim IEEE 2014 IEEE communications letters Vol.18 No.5

<P>We consider the inefficiencies of conventional multimedia broadcast multicast systems (CVM) limited by the user with worst signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and we present a novel technique based on amortized weighted averaging (AWG) of users' SNR. We model the system using ordered statistics of exponential and uniform distribution and derive statistics for the density functions. We then apply the modelling results to study the performance of wireless multicasting over Rayleigh fading channels. More specifically, we obtain the outage probability and mean capacities for broadcast and multicast systems. Finally we compare our proposed scheme with the conventional scheme. Numerical results show that proposed AWG is reliable, avoids outage, accommodates more users and is more efficient than the conventional multicasting especially in the low SNR region.</P>

Pre-storage CO₂ Treatment as a Chilling Injury Reduction Mechanism in Sweet Peppers

Abiodun Samuel Afolabi,In-Lee Choi,Joo Hwan Lee,Yong Beom Kwon,Yoo Han Roh,Ho-Min Kang 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

Comparison of Storability and Quality of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Grown in Two Different Hydroponics Media

Abiodun Samuel Afolabi,In-Lee Choi,Joo Hwan Lee,Kwon Yong Beom,Ho-Min Kang 한국포장학회 2022 한국포장학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study compared the effects of cocopeat and perlite growth media on the storability and quality of sweet pepper fruit stored using modified atmosphere packages (MAP) and carton boxes. The fruits were stored at 8oC for 35 and 30 days, respectively. Perlite-grown fruits had a significantly lower size at harvest due to the medium’s inability to hold plenty of water during the growing stage. Contrary to what is expected for small fruits, the result shows box-stored perlite-grown fruits to have lower weight loss and a longer shelf life than cocopeat-grown fruits, while MAP fruits have indifference. Perlite fruits also had a higher quality in terms of dry matter, soluble solids, and vitamin C, while box-stored fruits had a better visual quality. As expected, respiration and ethylene production rates were high, and fruits had similar after-storage firmness values. Based on the findings, perlite-grown sweet pepper fruits may have a better quality and give preference in a box storage condition.

Pre-storage CO₂ Treatment as a Chilling Injury Reduction Mechanism in Sweet Peppers

Abiodun Samuel Afolabi,In-Lee Choi,Joo Hwan Lee,Yong Beom Kwon,Yoo Han Roh,Ho-Min Kang 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

Language Preference as a Precursor to Displacement and Extinction in Nigeria: The Roles of English Language and Nigerian Pidgin

Joseph Babasola Osoba,Tajudeen Afolabi Alebiosu 세종대학교 언어연구소 2016 Journal of Universal Language Vol.17 No.2

The fact that language is primarily oral makes it naturally susceptible to extinction or death. This is because there is the tendency for its speakers to abandon it as a result of their preference for a more prestigious language such as an official second language or as result of a deliberate policy of the colonial masters to discourage the development and the use of indigenous languages for their selfish reasons as well as the unwholesome adoption of the colonial master’s language as official language after independence. Naturally, the Nigerian masses have adopted Nigerian Pidgin to cope with the multilingual nature of their metropolis. Without statistics, this sounds alarming. Because the relevant sections of the National Policy on Education has not been properly implemented, the aspect that relates to learning and using the local languages has been largely ignored by most schools in Nigeria. Using a qualitative (descriptive) and inferential approach, we attempt to examine the roles of the English language and Nigerian Pidgin viz-a-viz the gradual decline in the population of speakers and endangerment of some Nigerian languages like Efik, Ibibio, Igbo, Yoruba, and so on. A major finding is that most young Nigerians cannot speak their own mother tongues, at all or well enough, because their parents and their schools simply discourage children from speaking them at home and at school respectively where the indigenous languages are termed ‘vernaculars’. Moreover, it is also discovered that most Nigerians switch between English and Pidgin depending on whether the context/nature of their communication is formal or informal. This points to the fact that our indigenous languages are being displaced, endangered, and may even be exterminated.

Molecular Sexing and Taxonomic classification of Nigerian Guinea Fowl using Chromo Helicase DNA Binding Gene and 12S mitochondrial rRNA gene.

Sola-Ojo, F.E,Afolabi-Balogun, N.B,Adeniyi C.A,Adeyemi, K.D,Ayorinde, K.L,Alli, O.I,Oni, O.A,Okeke, C.U,Momoh E.O,Adewara, J,Abdulkareem, I 한국동물유전육종학회 2021 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Sexing of birds at early age is very important for efficient selection and breeding; while characterization and taxonomic identification is relevant in conservation of birds’ genetic resources. This study used the genomic DNA of ten (10) guinea fowl keets to determine their sex using agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing with chromo helicase DNA (CHD) binding genes, they were also characterize taxonomically using 12S rRNA mitochondria genes. The results of this study shows a double band (ZW) for females and a single band (W) for males under Agarose gel electrophoresis view, the Guinea fowl keets sequenced showed some deletions and were closer to Gallus_CHD12 in the phylogenetic tree. The Taxonomic classification result shows that the sequenced guineafowl keets were most related to the Numida meleagris 12S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA. This study corroborate the fact sex of guineafowl keet can be easily identified at genomic DNA level and they can be characterized taxonomically using the 12SrRNA mitochondrial genes.

Maternal mental health in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: a neglected global health issue

Kobi V. Ajayi,Elizabeth Wachira,Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa,Beulah D. Suleman 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted mental health and well-being around the globe. Public health measures to control the virus’s rapid spread, such as physical distancing, social isolation, lockdown, restricted movements, and quarantine, caused fear and panic in the general population. Although pandemic-related stressors have been reported, changes that occur during the perinatal period compounded by those made to obstetric care guidelines may put pregnant and postpartum mothers at an increased risk of poor mental health. While an abundance of research has examined the impact of the pandemic on maternal mental health in developed nations such as Europe and America, very few studies have done so in the African continent. Considering that Africa has prominently weak health systems, poor mental health policies and infrastructure, high poverty rates, and unreliable maternal care, the pandemic is expected to have dire consequences on maternal mental health in the region. As such, multipronged mental health interventions and strategies that consider the heterogeneity within and between African regions must be developed. Doing so will close existing and widening global health disparities to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

Optimization of bioethanol production from nigerian sugarcane juice using factorial design

Suleiman, Bilyaminu,Abdulkareem, Saka A.,Afolabi, Emmanuel A.,Musa, Umaru,Mohammed, Ibrahim A.,Eyikanmi, Tope A. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in energy research Vol.4 No.1

The quest to reduce the level of overdependence on fossil fuel product and to provide all required information on proven existing alternatives for renewable energy has resulted into rapid growth of research globally to identify efficient alternative renewable energy sources and the process technologies that are sustainable and environmentally friendly. The present study is aimed at production and characterization of bioethanol produced from sugarcane juice using a $2^4$ factorial design investigating the effect of four parameters (reaction temperature, time, concentration of bacteria used and amount of substrate). The optimum bioethanol yield of 19.3% was achieved at a reaction temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, time of 72 hours, yeast concentration of 2 g and 300 g concentration of substrate (sugarcane juice). The result of statistical analysis of variance shows that the concentration of yeast had the highest effect of 7.325 and % contribution of 82.72% while the substrate concentration had the lowest effect and % contribution of -0.25 and 0.096% respectively. The bioethanol produced was then characterized for some fuel properties such as flash point, specific gravity, cloud point, pour point, sulphur content, acidity, density and kinematic viscosity. The results of bioethanol characterization conform to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard. Hence, sugarcane juice is a good and sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production in Nigeria owing relative abundance, cheap source of supply and available land for large scale production.