Trypanosoma cruzi Dysregulates piRNAs Computationally Predicted to Target IL-6 Signaling Molecules During Early Infection of Primary Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

Cooley Ayorinde,Rayford Kayla J.,Arun Ashutosh,Villalta Fernando,Lima Maria F.,Pratap Siddharth,Nde Pius N. 대한면역학회 2022 Immune Network Vol.22 No.6

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which is now present in most industrialized countries. About 40% of T. cruzi infected individuals will develop severe, incurable cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or neurological disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which T. cruzi induces cardiopathogenesis remain to be determined. Previous studies showed that increased IL-6 expression in T. cruzi patients was associated with disease severity. IL-6 signaling was suggested to induce pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses, however, the role of this pathway during early infection remains to be elucidated. We reported that T. cruzi can dysregulate the expression of host PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) during early infection. Here, we aim to evaluate the dysregulation of IL-6 signaling and the piRNAs computationally predicted to target IL-6 molecules during early T. cruzi infection of primary human cardiac fibroblasts (PHCF). Using in silico analysis, we predict that piR_004506, piR_001356, and piR_017716 target IL6 and SOCS3 genes, respectively. We validated the piRNAs and target gene expression in T. cruzi challenged PHCF. Secreted IL-6, soluble gp-130, and sIL-6R in condition media were measured using a cytokine array and western blot analysis was used to measure pathway activation. We created a network of piRNAs, target genes, and genes within one degree of biological interaction. Our analysis revealed an inverse relationship between piRNA expression and the target transcripts during early infection, denoting the IL-6 pathway targeting piRNAs can be developed as potential therapeutics to mitigate T. cruzi cardiomyopathies.

Solid state characterization of two novel gums from Cedrela odorata and Enterolobium cyclocarpum

John Oluwasogo Ayorinde,Michael Ayodele Odeniyi 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.4

Functional and physicochemical properties of two novel polymers from plants were characterized with a view of determining suitability for use in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Cedrela gum (CD) and Enterolobium gum (ET) were extracted from the incised trunk of Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) and Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Mimosoideae) trees respectively. The gums were characterized using particle size and distribution analysis, density measurements, swelling index, angle of repose, Carrs’ compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. Other physicochemical properties were determined by pH measurement, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscometry. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was the reference polymer. The polymers generally had particle size range of 145–436 μm and the particles were normally distributed. The gums had comparable particle density, Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio with HPMC, indicating similar packing properties between the gums and HPMC. All polymers had angle of repose values in the range for excellent flow properties. The polymers were of alkaline pH, thereby suggesting compatibility with basic drugs. Hydration capacity of the polymers was generally high. The ranking order for viscosity was ET > CD > HPMC (p < 0.05). Similar thermal behaviour was recorded by DSC for the gums and HPMC. SEM revealed irregularly shaped and aggregating surface morphology while broad halo diffraction patterns were obtained by the PXRD. CD and ET gums showed comparable functional and physicochemical properties with HPMC, a standard polymer. These gums could be used as pharmaceutical excipients in bioadhesive formulations and other drug delivery systems.

Individual and Interacting Effects of Formulation Variables on the Tensile Strength and Microbial Survival in Diclofenac Tablets

John O. Ayorinde,Oludele A. Itiola 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.3

A work has been done to study the individual and interacting effects of formulation variables, using a 23 fractional factorial design. The effects of five variables, namely, relative density of tablets, nature and concentration of binder, compression process, and compression speed on the tensile strength and percent survival of Bacillus subtilis spores in Diclofenac tablet formulations were determined. The effects of these variables were studied both singly and when they interact with each other in two fractional designs (Woolfall, 1964). The first fraction comprised of Nature (N) and Concentration (C) of binder, and Relative density of tablets (D) while in the second fraction, Compression speed (S), Compression process (P) and Relative density of tablets (D) were studied. In the first fraction, concentration of binder had the highest effect on tensile strength with the ranking C > D > N for both DCS (formulation containing Corn starch) and DDCP (formulation containing DCP), and C > N > D for DL (formulation containing Lactose). On the percent survival of Bacillus subtilis, relative density of tablets showed the highest effect with the ranking D > C > N for both DCS and DL, and D > N > C for DDCP. In the second fraction, compression speed generally had a great effect on both tensile strength and percent survival in all the formulations. The results of interactions among the variables showed the highest effect on tensile strength from interaction between concentration of binder and relative density of tablets (C-D) while interaction between compression speed and relative density of tablets (S-D) had the highest effect on percent survival in all the formulations. A fractional factorial design proved suitable in determining the magnitude of both the individual and interacting effects of the variables. The study showed that each of these variables has to be properly considered in producing tablets of satisfactory strength and reduced microbial survival.

Effects of material properties and speed of compression on microbial survival and tensile strength in diclofenac tablet formulations

J. O. Ayorinde,O. A. Itiola,M. A. Odeniyi 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.3

A work has been done to study the effects ofmaterial properties and compression speed on microbialsurvival and tensile strength in diclofenac tablet formulations. Tablets were produced from three formulationscontaining diclofenac and different excipients (DC, DL andDDCP). Two types of machines (Hydraulic hand press andsingle punch press), which compress the tablets at differentspeeds, were used. The compression properties of thetablets were analyzed using Heckel and Kawakita equations. A 3-dimensional plot was produced to determine therelationship between the tensile strength, compressionspeed and percentage survival of Bacillus subtilis in thediclofenac tablets. The mode of consolidation of diclofenacwas found to depends on the excipient used in the formulation. DC deformed mainly by plastic flow with the lowestPy and Pk values. DL deformed plastically at the initialstage, followed by fragmentation at the later stage ofcompression, whereas DDCP deformed mainly by fragmentationwith the highest Py and Pk values. The ranking ofthe percentage survival of B. subtilis in the formulationswas DDCP[DL[DC, whereas the ranking of the tensilestrength of the tablets was DDCP[DL[DC. Tabletsproduced on a hydraulic hand press with a lower compressionspeed had a lower percentage survival of microbialcontaminants than those produced on a single punchpress, which compressed the tablets at a much higherspeed. The mode of consolidation of the materials and thespeed at which tablet compression is carried out haveeffects on both the tensile strength of the tablets and theextent of destruction of microbial contaminants in diclofenactablet formulations.

New carbon composite adsorbents for the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions : Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies

Davis Castro dos Santos,Eder Cláudio Lima,Matthew Ayorinde Adebayo,Simone de Fátima Pinheiro Pereira,Lizie Daniela Tentler Prola,Renato Cataluña,Caroline Saucier,Caline Rodrigues Gally,Fernando Machad 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.8

New carbon composite materials were prepared by pyrolysis of mixture of coffee wastes and red mud at700 oC with the inorganic : organic ratios of 1.9 (CC-1.9) and 2.2 (CC-2.2). These adsorbents were used to removereactive orange 16 (RO-16) and reactive red 120 (RR-120) textile dyes from aqueous solution. The CC-1.9 and CC-2.2 materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves,scanning electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The kinetic of adsorption data was fitted by general order kineticmodel. A three-parameter isotherm model, Liu isotherm model, gave the best fit of the equilibrium data (298 to 323 K). The maximum amounts of dyes removed at 323 K were 144.8 (CC-1.9) and 139.5 mg g−1 (CC-2.2) for RO-16 dye and95.76 (CC-1.9) and 93.80 mg g−1 (CC-2.2) for RR-120 dye. Two simulated dyehouse effluents were used to investigatethe application of the adsorbents for effluent treatment.

Molecular Sexing and Taxonomic classification of Nigerian Guinea Fowl using Chromo Helicase DNA Binding Gene and 12S mitochondrial rRNA gene.

Sola-Ojo, F.E,Afolabi-Balogun, N.B,Adeniyi C.A,Adeyemi, K.D,Ayorinde, K.L,Alli, O.I,Oni, O.A,Okeke, C.U,Momoh E.O,Adewara, J,Abdulkareem, I 한국동물유전육종학회 2021 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Sexing of birds at early age is very important for efficient selection and breeding; while characterization and taxonomic identification is relevant in conservation of birds’ genetic resources. This study used the genomic DNA of ten (10) guinea fowl keets to determine their sex using agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing with chromo helicase DNA (CHD) binding genes, they were also characterize taxonomically using 12S rRNA mitochondria genes. The results of this study shows a double band (ZW) for females and a single band (W) for males under Agarose gel electrophoresis view, the Guinea fowl keets sequenced showed some deletions and were closer to Gallus_CHD12 in the phylogenetic tree. The Taxonomic classification result shows that the sequenced guineafowl keets were most related to the Numida meleagris 12S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA. This study corroborate the fact sex of guineafowl keet can be easily identified at genomic DNA level and they can be characterized taxonomically using the 12SrRNA mitochondrial genes.