Corrosion Behavior of Hastelloy C-276 for Carbon-anode-based Oxide Reduction Applications

Jeon, Min Ku,Kim, Sung-Wook,Choi, Eun-Young Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2020 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C-276 was investigated to identify its applicability for carbon-anode-based oxide reduction (OR), in which Cl₂ and O₂ are simultaneously evolved at the anode. Under a 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow, the corrosion rate was less than 1 g·m^-2·h^-1 up to 500℃, whereas the rate increased exponentially from 500 to 700℃. The effects of the Cl₂-O₂ composition on the corrosion rate at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂, 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂, and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ with a constant 170 mL·min^-1 Ar flow rate at 600℃ was analyzed. Based on the data from an 8 h reaction, the fastest corrosion rate was observed for the 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ case, followed by 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂. The effects of the chlorine flow rate on the corrosion rate were negligible within the 5-30 mL·min^-1 range. A surface morphology analysis revealed the formation of vertical scratches in specimens that reacted under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas condition.

Corrosion Behavior of Inconel X-750 for Carbon Anode Oxide Reduction Application

Jeon, Min Ku,Kim, Sung-Wook,Lee, Sang-Kwon,Choi, Eun-Young Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2020 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The corrosion behavior of the Inconel X-750 alloy was investigated for its potential application under a Cl₂-O₂ mixed gas flow in an Ar atmosphere. The corrosion rate was found to be negligible at temperatures up to 400℃ under a flow rate of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 170 mL·min^-1 Ar, whereas an exponential increase was observed in the corrosion rate at temperatures greater than 500℃. The suppression of the corrosion reaction due to the presence of O₂ was verified experimentally at flow rates of 30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ (4.96 g·m^-2·h^-1), 20 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 10 mL·min^-1 O₂ (2.02 g·m^-2 ·h^-1), and 10 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ + 20 mL·min^-1 O₂ (1.34 g·m^-2·h^-1) under a constant Ar flow rate of 170 mL·min^-1 at 600℃ for 8 h. The surface morphology analysis results revealed that porous surfaces with tunnel-type holes were produced under the Cl₂-O₂ mixed-gas condition. Furthermore, the effects of the Cl₂ flow rate on the corrosion rate were investigated, indicating that its impact was negligible within the range of 5-30 mL·min^-1 Cl₂ at 600℃.

Comparisons of obstetrical outcomes among vaginal, intramuscular progesterone treatment and conservative management for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancies with a short cervix

( Young Li Kim ),( Young Jae Lee ),( Hee Young Cho ),( Eun Ah Kim ),( Min Jung Baek ),( Young Ran Kim ),( Sukho Kang ),( Ji Yeon Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-

목적: To determine the differences in pregnancy outcomes among cases treated by vaginal progesterone, intramuscular(IM) progesterone and conservative management in twin pregnancies with a short cervix. 방법: This is a retrospective study of 273 twin pregnancies complicated by a short cervix(<2.5cm) who delivered from 2007 to 2016 in CHA Bundang Medical Center. Women who received cervical cerclage were excluded. Treatment groups included 1) group I; conservative management group without progesterone treatment(n=174), 2) group II; vaginal progesterone suppository group(n=30), 3) group III; IM progesterone injection group(n=69). Primary outcomes were spontaneous birth at <28, 32, 34, or 36 weeks of gestational age(GA). The secondary outcomes included hospitalized for tocolytics or antenatal corticosteroids, small for gestational age and low APGAR score(<7) at 5 min. 결과: Preterm birth before 36 weeks of GA was different among 3 groups(29.3%[51/174] vs.20.0%[6/30] vs.43.5%[30/69], p=0.034). Low APGAR score(<7) at 5min was significantly different among 3 groups(7.8%[27/348] vs.5.0%[3/60] vs.15.2%[21/138], p=0.018). After multivariate analysis, preterm birth(<36 weeks) occurred more frequently in group III than group I(aOR 6.90 95%CI:1.06-45.04, p=0.044). However, there was no significant difference between group II and III. Meanwhile, there were more cases with low APGAR score(<7) at 5 min in group III than group I(aOR 6.58 95%CI:1.43-30.21, p=0.015) and group II(aOR 17.04 95%CI:1.56-185.74, p=0.020) after multivariate analysis. 결론: In twin pregnancies complicated by short cervical length, IM progesterone group showed significantly greater occurrence of preterm birth before 36 weeks of GA in comparison with vaginal progesterone group and conservative management group.

18–30세 사이에 발생하는 뇌경색의 특징, 다기관 레지스트리 연구

장윤경,송태진,김용재,허지회,이경열,김영은,장민욱,조수진,강석윤 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2017 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.40 No.3

Objectives: Although there have been several reports that described characteristics for young age stroke, information regarding very young age (18–30 years old) has been limited. We aimed to analyze demographic factors, stroke subtype, and 3-month outcome in acute ischemic stroke patient who have relatively very young age in multicenter stroke registry. Methods: We evaluated all 122 (7.1%) consecutive acute ischemic stroke (within 7 days after symptom onset) patients aged 18 to 30 from 17,144 patients who registered in multicenter prospective stroke registry, 1997 to 2012. Etiology was classified by Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Stroke severity was defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and stroke outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months after index stroke. Results: The mean age of all included patients was 25.1±3.7 years and 76 patients (62.2%) were male. The median NIHSS at admission was 4. Considering stroke subtype, 37 patients (30.3%) had stroke of other determined etiology (SOD), 37 (30.3%) had undetermined negative evaluation (UN) and 31 (25.4%) had cardioembolism (CE) were frequently noted. After adjusting age, sex and variables which had P<0.1 in univariable analysis (NIHSS and stroke subtype), CE stroke subtype (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–15.48; P=0.011) were significantly associated with poor functional outcome (mRS≥3). Conclusion: In very young age ischemic stroke patients, SOD and UN stroke subtype were most common and CE stroke subtype was independently associated with poor discharge outcome.

Phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence‐like alterations via nitric oxide production in human diploid fibroblasts

Yang, Kyeong Eun,Jang, Hyun‐,Jin,Hwang, In‐,Hu,Chung, Young‐,Ho,Choi, Jong‐,Soon,Lee, Tae‐,Hoon,Chung, Yun‐,Jo,Lee, Min‐,Seung,Lee, Mi Young,Yeo, Eui‐,J BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 2016 AGING CELL Vol.15 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Phenyl‐2‐pyridyl ketoxime (PPKO) was found to be one of the small molecules enriched in the extracellular matrix of near‐senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Treatment of young HDFs with PPKO reduced the viability of young HDFs in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and resulted in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, the levels of some senescence‐associated proteins, such as phosphorylated ERK1/2, caveolin‐1, p53, p16<SUP>ink4a</SUP>, and p21<SUP>waf1</SUP>, were elevated in PPKO‐treated cells. To monitor the effect of PPKO on cell stress responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry. After PPKO treatment, ROS levels transiently increased at 30 min but then returned to baseline at 60 min. The levels of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, peroxiredoxin II and glutathione peroxidase I, were transiently induced by PPKO treatment. SOD II levels increased gradually, whereas the SOD I and III levels were biphasic during the experimental periods after PPKO treatment. Cellular senescence induced by PPKO was suppressed by chemical antioxidants, such as N‐acetylcysteine, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, and L‐buthionine‐(<I>S</I>,<I>R</I>)‐sulfoximine. Furthermore, PPKO increased nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in HDFs. In the presence of NOS inhibitors, such as L‐NG‐nitroarginine methyl ester and L‐NG‐monomethylarginine, PPKO‐induced transient NO production and SA‐β‐gal staining were abrogated. Taken together, these results suggest that PPKO induces cellular senescence in association with transient ROS and NO production and the subsequent induction of senescence‐associated proteins<B>.</B></P>

반말체 어미 ‘-게’의 의미기능 연구

이한민 ( Lee Han-min ),조은영 ( Cho Eun-young ) 국어학회 2015 국어학 Vol.74 No.-

본고는 조은영·이한민(2011)에서 정리하였던 연결어미에서 종결어미화된 ‘-게’의 의미기능과 문법화 과정의 연장선상에서 추가적인 ‘-게’의 용법으로 [가정]과 [추측유도]의 의미기능을 살피고자 하였다. [가정] ‘-게’구문은 조건절인 선행절과 결과절인 후행‘-게’절로 구성되며, 선행절의 부정을 이끄는 반어적 진술의 수사의문문으로 사용된다. [가정] ‘-게’는 선어말어미 ‘-었-’이 결합할 수 있는 점, 후행 ‘-게’절이 단독으로 쓰일 수 없는 점, 의미적으로 후행절의 내용이 선행절을 강조하는 기능을 한다는 점에서 [완료결과] ‘-게’와 연관성을 보인다. [추측유도] ‘-게’구문은 화자가 알고 있는 어떠한 사실에 대하여 청자의 ‘추측을 유도’하는 발화에서 사용되며, 설명의문문 형식이나 선택의문문 형식으로 쓰이지만, 청자로부터 신정보를 얻기 위한 질문으로는 사용되지 않는다. [추측유도] ‘-게’절은 선어말어미 ‘-었-’이 결합할 수 있는 점, 이미 이루어진 상황 혹은 확정된 사실에 대한 것이라는 점에서 [완료결과] ‘-게’와 유사한 의미를 보인다. 그러나 단독으로 사용될 수 있는 구문인지, 발화의 초점이 ‘-게’절에 있는지의 여부에서 차이를 보인다. [가정]은 [완료결과]와 통사적, 의미적으로 비슷한 부분이 많고, [완료결과]와 동일한 형식의 문장이 [가정]의 쓰임을 보이는 과도기적 형태도 존재한다. 따라서 [가정]은 [완료결과] 이후에 연결될 수 있는 단계로 볼 수 있다.[추측유도]의 경우에는 [완료결과], [가정]과 통사적, 의미적으로 공통적인 부분이 있지만, 조은영·이한민(2011)에서 정리한 종결어미 ‘-게’의 단계별 의미기능과 함께 다룰 수 있을지에 대해서는 결론을 내리지 못하였다. [추측유도]가 연결어미 ‘-게’에서 문법화한 종결어미가 아니라 다른 기원을 갖는 ‘-게’의 의미기능일 수도 있다는 가능성도 열어 두어야 할 것이다. 다만, [추측유도] ‘-게’가 공시적인 쓰임에서 연결어미 ‘-게’에서 문법화한 종결어미의 의미기능들과 연관성을 가지는 것은 분명하다. This paper tries to figure out the additory usage of final ending ‘-ge’―the semantic function of [supposition] and [assumption inducement]― as an extension to the grammaticalization process of final ending ‘-ge,’ originated from a connective ending ‘-ge’ organized by Cho, Eun-Young & Lee, Han-Min (2011). The sentence structure of [supposition] ‘-ge’ is consisted of the antecedent clause, which is a conditional clause, and the following clause ‘-ge’ clause, and is used as a rhetorical interrogative of an ironic statement denying the antecedent clause. It also shows some correlation with [completion result] ‘-ge’, considering the fact that ‘-ge’ can be combined with the tense prefinal ending ‘-eoss-’, and that following ‘-ge’ clause cannot be used by itself, and that the following clause can emphasize the antecedent clause semantically. The sentence structure of [assumption inducement] ‘-ge’ is often used when inducing a listener to make an assumption of a matter that a speaker already knows. However, it is not used as a question to get a new information from the listener although it may be used in a form of a wh-question or an alternative question. [Assumption inducement] ‘-ge’ clause shows some similar meaning with that of a [completion result] ‘-ge’ clause regarding the fact that it can be combined with the tense prefinal ending ‘-eoss-’ and that this clause is about something that has already happened or determined. However, it shows some differences in that whether this sentence structure can be used alone or its focus point of utterance is on ‘-ge’ clause itself. There exists several similarities between [supposition] and [completion result] in syntactic and semantic context, in addition to a transitional phase in which a sentence is used as a [supposition] clause when sentence structures exhibit identical features to [completion result]. Thus, it can be seen that [supposition] is a connecting stage following the [completion stage]. In case of [assumption inducement], there exists several similarities between [assumption inducement], [completion result] and [supposition] in syntactic and semantic context. However, the authors were not able to draw a definitive conclusion as to whether [assumption inducement] can be dealt with changing meanings of semantic functions of final ending ‘-ge,’ organized in Cho, Eun-Young & Lee, Han-Min (2011). Thus, there is an implied possibility that [Assumption inducement] may not be a grammaticalized final ending ‘-ge’ but that of different origins with dissimilar semantic functions. In the synchronic use, however, it is certain that [assumption result] ‘-ge’ has a definitive correlation with semantic functions of final endings that are grammaticalized in the connective ending ‘-ge.’

The Korean Association of lnternal Medicine : Poster Session ; PS 1357 : Nephrology ; Age is the Strongest Effector for the Relationship between Estimated Glomerular filtration Rate and Coronary Artery Calcifi cation in Apparently Healthy Korean Adults

( Hyun Beom Chae ),( Eun Jung Rhee ),( Hae Jung Park ),( Min Kyung Lee ),( Won Seon Jeon ),( Se Eun Park ),( Cheol Young Park ),( Won Young Lee ),( Ki Won Oh ),( Sung Woo Park ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major clinical problem and the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Coronary artery calcifi cation (CAC) is a potential mechanism that explains the association between renal function and cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association between renal function and CAC in apparently healthy Korean subjects. Methods: In 23,617 participants in the health screening program in Kangbuk Samsung Hospital health screening program from January 2010 to December 2011, estimated glomerular fi ltration rate (eGFR) was assessed by Cockcroft-Gault equation. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was measured by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the CKD Staging system with eGFR grade; stage 1: eGFR = 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, stage 2: eGFR 60-89 mL/ min/1.73 m2, stage 3: eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: Mean age of the participants was 41.4 years, and mean eGFR was 103.6±21.7 mL/min/1.73 m2. Hypertension and diabetes were noted in 43.7% and 5.5% of the participants, respectively. eGFR showed weakly negative but signifi cant association with CACS in bivariate correlation analysis (r=-0.076, p<0.01). Mean CACS signifi cantly increased from CKD stage 1 to 3. The proportion of subjects who had CAC signifi cantly increased from CKD stage 1 to 3. Although odds ratio for CAC signifi cantly increased from stage 1 to 3 after adjustment for confounding factors, this signifi cance was inversed when age was included in the model. Age was the strongest factor that affects CAC. Conclusions: This study performed in young Korean subjects with relatively normal renal function, age was the mostly strongest effector on the association between eGFR and the degree of CAC.

Silymarin Inhibits Cytokine-Stimulated Pancreatic Beta Cells by Blocking the ERK1/2 Pathway

( Eun Jeong Kim ),( Jee Ho Kim ),( Min Young Lee ),( Muddenahalli Srinivasa Sudhanva ),( Sundaravinayagam Devakumar ),( Young Jin Jeon ) 한국응용약물학회 2014 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.22 No.4

We show that silymarin, a polyphenolic fl avonoid isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), inhibits cytokine mixture (CM: TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in the pancreatic beta cell line MIN6N8a. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis showed that silymarin inhibits iNOS gene expression. RT-PCR showed that silymarin inhibits iNOS gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. We also showed that silymarin inhibits extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. A MEK1 inhibitor abrogated CM-induced nitrite production, similar to silymarin. Treatment of MIN6N8a cells with silymarin also inhibited CM-stimulated activation of NF-κB, which is important for iNOS transcription. Collectively, we demonstrate that silymarin inhibits NO production in pancreatic beta cells, and silymarin may represent a useful anti-diabetic agent.

A study on the removal of sulfate and nitrate from the wet scrubber wastewater using electrocoagulation

Jo, Eun-young,Park, Seung-Min,Yeo, In-seol,Cha, Jae-doo,Lee, Ju Yeol,Kim, Young-Hee,Lee, Tae-Kwon,Park, Chan-gyu Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2016 Desalination and Water Treatment Vol.57 No.17

<P>Wet scrubber is widely used to remove pollutants from a furnace flue gas or from other gas streams. However, high cost for the treatment or exchange of contaminated washed water is one of the problems. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an electrochemical method for treating polluted water, whereby sacrificial anodes dissolve to produce active coagulant precursors in the solution. This technology can be used for the removal of color, anionic contaminants, and colloidal particles. The goal of the present study was evaluation of EC process for treatment of wet scrubber wastewater and optimization of the process. In this study, the influence of electrode material and electrode distance on removal efficiency (%) of nitrate, sulfate, and total suspended solids (TSS) was investigated with synthetic wastewater. Using an Al electrode, 60.6% of nitrate, 50.0% of sulfate, and 96.8% of TSS were removed by EC treatment within 30 min. In case of Fe electrode, 69.7% of nitrate, 75.0% of sulfate, and 98.8% of TSS were removed. The treatment efficiency for real wet scrubber wastewater was evaluated with Fe electrode. After 180 min of EC treatment, 50% of color, 40% of nitrate, 40% of sulfate, and 95% of TSS were removed, respectively. All these results give clear evidence that EC process can effectively reduce the TSS, nitrate, and sulfate ions from wet scrubber wastewater.</P>

급성 골수성 백혈병 환자에서 발생한 침습성 아스페르길루스중에 대한 수술적치료 1 예

배영환;어원식;어상민;김승만 김태영;박수영;서영경;정은주;안효정 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is known to have a poor prognosis and major cause of morbidity and motality in patients with hematologic disease. Without adequate therapy, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis will almost always progress to fatal pneumonia. Early administration of antifungal agents in patient with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is most important. And surgical resection of aspergillous-infected tissue may be useful in patients with lesions that are contiguous with great vessel and lesions causing hemoptysis. We reported a rare case of surgical resection as curative treatment for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patient in 58-year-old man who had the history of acute myeloid leukemia.