Teaching English Listening Comprehension

정혜진 서울保健大學 1994 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

교육공학의 이론과 실제에 대한 논쟁 : 학문적 정체성, 간학문성, 소프트 및 하드 테크놀로지 활용 Academic Identity, Interdisciplinarity, Soft Technology and Hard Technology Applications

정재삼,금혜진 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2003 교육과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

이 논문의 목적은 최근에 교육공학 분야의 이론과 실제에서 교육공학의 학문적 정체성, 응용과학으로서 교육공학의 가치, 교육공학에서의 간학문성의 중요성, 소프트테크놀로지의 활용상의 문제, 하드테크놀로지의 활용상의 문제, 그리고 교수매체의 효과성 등의 이슈를 논의하는데 있다. 첫째로, 교육공학의 학문적 정체성에 대해서는 타학문이론의 무분별한 도입문제, 연구주제가 학습이론과 학습 환경에 치중하는 문제, 교육공학 분야 고유의 연구방법의 필요성의 논의된다. 둘째로, 응용과학으로서 교육공학의 어려움에 대해서는 교육실제의 문제를 풀기위해 여러 학문의 지식체계의 도입함으로써 발생하는 혼란과 이해의 어려움, 철학적 패러다임적인 상충의 문제가 노정된다. 셋째로, 교육공학의 간학문성에 대해서 논쟁은 있지만 간학문성 자체가 가진 긍정적인 의미와 학제간의 연계를 위한 체제적 사고를 논의한다. 넷째로, 교육공학의 소프트테크놀로지와 하드테크놀로지에 대하여 여러 비판과 논쟁이 있지만 이 문제는 연성체제이론과 경성체제이론 등 체제과학의 입장에서 ID/ISD의 활용을 설명하고, 이러닝을 활성화하기 위한 소프트테크놀로지와 하드테크놀로지의 조화를 논의한다. 다섯째로, 1차와 2차의 논쟁을 통한 교수매체의 효과성 쟁점을 정리한다. 결론적으로, 우리는 교육공학의 이론과 실제를 상황에 적합한 연구와 개발을 통하여 계속적으로 발전시켜야 한다. The goal of this article is to discuss the recent and critical issues of theory and practice in the educational technology field. The issues included here are the academic identity of educational technology, the value of educational technology as an applied science, the importance interdisciplinary approach in educational technology, and the application issues of soft and hard technology in educational technology. First, the academic identity of educational technology deals with indiscreet introduction of theories of other disciplines, research topic focused on learning theories and learning environment, and the necessity of research methodology peculiar to educational technology. Second, the difficulty of educational technology as an applied science covers the confusion and misunderstanding and the conflict between philosophies and paradigms by introducing several disciplinary knowledge schemes in order to solve the problems of educational practice. Third, in terms of interdisciplinarity educational technologists discuss the systems thinking for the purpose of linking various aspects of disciplines. Forth, using soft and hard technology issue deals with instructional design and instructional systems development in terms of systems science including soft system theory(SST), hard systems theory(HST) and addresses the harmony of soft and hard technology for enhancing e-Learning. Fifth, we discuss the effectiveness of instructional media via 1st and 2nd disputes among Clark, Kulik, and Kozma. In conclusion, we need to develop continuously the theory and practice through situated research and development.

안경착용자의 안경착용에 대한 이미지 연구 : Q-방법론적 연구 Q-methodological Approach

정수정,정혜경,김경희,권혜진 韓國學校保健學會 1999 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

This study attempts to identify the self-image of eyeglass wearers with Q-methodology. Preliminary Q-statements were collected through personal and telephone interviews and based in consultation with reference books, eyeglass wearers, an optician and an oculist. Finally,34 Q-samples were seleted. The results were analyzed by a Q-factor with a PC QUANL Program. The sell-image of eyeglass wearers were found to revolve around three types: Type 1. They feel that eyeglasses have a negative inf1uence on image and that they uncomfortable. In addition, other people have a negative bias toward people who wear eyeglasses. As a result of these negative prejudices and inconveniences, there is a tendency to wear contact lens or have laser operations. Type 2. They feel less uncomfortable comparatively', when explained that classes can help improve their image. When explained as a fashion accessory, negative prejudices almost disappeared. Type 3. They show a positive reaction when explained that spectacles are also rosed for sight protection. However, they are sensitive to changes in their complexion as a result of eyeglass wear and place much importance in the design of glass frames. The significance of this study is to suggest basic data for a mediation device that improve the image of eyeglass wearers discovery and analysis of these three types.

창조적 지식 기반 사회를 대비한 국어과 교육의 목표와 내용

정혜승,노명완,옥현진 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.31 No.1

본고는 창조적 지식 기반사회에서 가장 중요한 국어과 교육의 목표는 언어 사용 기능의 신장이며, 이를 실현시키기 위한 교육 내용에 대해 논의하였다. 일부 국어교육학계에서 기능은 하찮고 저열한 것으로 인식되기도 하였으나, 이는 지식의 개념을 명제적 지식에 국한하여 생각하고 기능을 지식과 별개의 것으로 잘못 인식한 데서 기인한 것이다. 본고는 명제적 지식과 방법적 지식의 관계를 탐구하여 기능 학습에 관한 이론을 두 가지로 정리하였다. 하나는 명제적 지식을 우선하여 이를 연습하고 내재화하는 가운데 기능 학습이 이루어진다고 보는 것이며, 다른 하나는 명제적 지식을 전제하지 않고 다양한 경험과 활동을 통해 기능 학습이 이루어진다는 것이다. 전자는 학습 활동이 용이하고 체계적이라는 점에서, 후자는 앎의 과정을 보다 중시한다는 점에서 장점을 갖고 있으나, 한 편으로 전자는 명제적 지식의 성격이 기능 학습에 유효한 것이어야 한다는 검과, 후자는 실제 수업이 이루어지기 위해서 치밀한 계획과 준비가 필요하다는 점에서 문제점도 안고있었다. 3차 국어과 교육과정은 후자의 방법을, 6차와 7차 국어과 교육과정은 전자와 같은 인식을 보이고 있으나, 논의가 개념 수준에서 이루어져 언어 사용 기능 교육이 제대로 이루어지기 어렵다는 한계를 갖는다. 따라서 국어과 교육의 논의는 개념 수준에서 벗어나 실시간과 실공간 속에서 학생들이 무엇을 어떻게 배울 것인지를 구체적으로 제시하는, 곧 수업화ㆍ자료화하는 실질적이고도 기술적인(technical) 논의로 바뀌어야 한다고 본다. Aim and Content of Korean Language Education for a Society Based on Creative Knowledge This thesis argues the improvement of language use skill that is the most important aim of Korean language education in a society based on creative knowledge and the education contents to achieve it. Some Korean language educators regard skill as worthlessness and vulgarity. However it results from the misunderstanding that the concept of knowledge is limited to knowing that and that skill is entirely different from knowledge. This paper summarizes the theory on skill study in two ways by researching the relations between knowing that and Know-how. One is that skill study is done in the process of exercising and internalizing knowing that preferentially and the other is that it's done through a lot of experiences and actives without any premise of knowing that. These have respective merits : former has the easiness and systematic of skill study and the latter thinks highly of the processing of knowledge. On the contrary, there are problems : in case of the former, the content of knowing that should be effective to skill study and the latter needs accurate plan and preparation for actual study. The 3rd education course in Korean language with latter method and the 6th and 7th without former on place a limit that the argument only in concept level makes the actual language use skill difficult. Therefore the argument of Korean language education should be changed to actual and technical one to present in detail what and how students learn in real time and real space.

Streptococcus mutans의 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자 발현에 대한 당의 영향

정혜진,김신,정진 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt의 비수용성 글루칸을 합성하는 효소인 glucosyltransferase B 및 C의 mRNA 발현에 대한 각 당의 영향을 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 방법으로 관찰하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 1% 설탕이 함유된 BHI 배지에서 S. mutans Ingbritt를 접종하여 배양할 때 배양 9시간 째 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA가 발현이 급격히 증가하였다. 2. BHI 액체배지에 설탕을 첨가한 경우 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA가 발현되었으며, 10% 설탕을 첨가한 경우 1%와 5%보다 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 발현이 감소되었다. 3. 1% 설탕이 첨가된 BHI 액체 배지에 당을 첨가한 경우 포도당은 10% 첨가하였을 때 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 감소하였고, 과당의 경우 1% 첨가한 경우 감소하여 5%와 10%에서는 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자가 거의 발현되지 않았다. 4. 자일리톨의 경우 1%부터 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자 mRNA 발현이 대조군보다 감소하였고, 5%와 10%에서는 두 유전자 모두 발현이 현저하게 감소하였다. 5. 유당의 경우 두 유전자의 발현에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 관찰되었고, 솔비톨의 경우 각 농도에서 두 유전자의 발현이 대조군보다 감소하였다. 결론적으로 비수용성 글루칸 합성하는 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 포도당, 과당, 자일리톨 첨가에 의해 감소함을 알 수 있었다. Insoluble glucan is the important component of oral biofilm, which is synthesized from sucrose through the action of glucosyltransferase (GTF) B and GTF C encoded by the gtfB and gtfC genes, respectively of Streptococcus mutans. In present study, the effects of various sugars on the mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC of S. mutans Ingbritt were examined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The mRNA of gtfB and gtfC was expressed normally in the BHI broth containing 1% and 5% sucrose. The mRNA expression was decreased by the addition of 10% of glucose, and 1%, 5% and 10% of fructose. Lactose had no great effect on the expression of gtfB and gtfC 5% and 10% of xylitol greatly reduced the mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC. Sorbitol slightly decreased the mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC when compared to the control. In summary, mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC was decreased by the addition of glucose, fructose, and xylitol.

역정규 손실함수를 이용한 공정능력지수에 관한 연구

정영배,문혜진 한국품질경영학회 2002 품질경영학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Process capability indices are being used as indicators for measurements of process capability for SPC of quality assurance system in industries. In view of the enhancement of customer satisfaction, process capability indices in which loss functions are used to deal with the economic loss in the processes deviated from the target, are in an adequate representation of the customer's perception of quality. In this connection, the loss function has become increasingly important in quality assurance. Taguchi uses a modified form of the quadratic loss function to demonstrate the need to consider the proximity to the target while assessing its quality. But this traditional quadratic loss function is inadequate to assessing the quality and quality improvement since different processes have different sets of economic consequences on the manufacturing, Thereby, a flexible approach to the development of the loss function needs to be desired. In this paper, we introduce an easily understood loss function, based on reflection of probability density function of the normal distribution. That is, the Reflected Normal Loss Function can be adapted to an asymmetric loss as well as to a symmetric loss around the target. We propose that, instead of the process variation, a new capability index, C_pI using the Reflected Normal Loss Function that can accurately reflect the losses associated with the process and a new capability index C_pI is compared with the classical indices as C_p, C_pk, C_pm and C_pm.

림프절 생검으로 진단된 복강내 간질섬유형성 소원형 세포 종양 1예 보고

주명진,이광민,이혜경,정동규 대한병리학회 1995 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.29 No.5

경유돌공 부위에서 전기신경자극기를 이용한 안면경련 환자의 치료

정창우,민진혜,이규탁 관동대학교 의과학연구소 2000 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.4 No.1

Facial spasm is the most common in middle aged women, which is a distressing condition characterized by involuntary, intermittent, unilateral twitching of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. There are various treatments for facial spam, such as neurovascular decompression, local injection of botulinum, facial nerve compression at stylomastoid foramen and facial nerve block with O'Brien method. There are the same clinical problems associated with the reported procedure in pain clinic, such as severe pain and recurrence of spasm. In this paper, we report the modified facial nerve block using electric nerve stimulator at the stylomastoid foramen. This new technique will be able to reduce the pain and the discomfort during facial nerve block, and reduced the recurrence of facial spasm.

韓國 傳來童化에 나타나는 社會化 道具로써의 服飾分析

鄭美慧,金鎭玖 服飾文化學會 1994 服飾文化硏究 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate clothing socialization in Korean fairy tales by the socialization theory. Clothing socialization analyzed of seven categories-norm, role, self-identity, morality, instituition, social class and social change. From the costume in the korean fairy tales, clothing socialization can be visualized.

의사소통기능 향상을 위한 영어 청취학습과 지도 방안에 관한 연구

정혜진 서울保健大學 1997 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

Until recently the skill of listening comprehension had been the most neglected of the four language skills in English education, and relatively little research had been carried out in the areas of classroom materials and teaching strategies for listening comprehension. A major catalyst for the relatively recent and intense interest in listening comprehension research has been the realization and accumulating evidence that input plays a critical role in language acquisition and listening skills have the largest positive transference to the other language skills, This paper reviews research on the nature, process and role of listening comprehension and discusses some pedagogical aspects of English listening comprehension. Current theories and empirical research studies stress the cognitive, affective and utilitarian advantages of delaying oral exercise and increasing listening practice in the early stages of learning, Therefore, to provide learners with a large amount of comprehensible input is crucial in foreign language acquisition. Since listening comprehension is a complex process involving knowledge of the phonology, syntax, lexicon, culture of the target language, and auditory memory, a checklist of aural microskills is useful in helping learners to acquire effective interactive listening strategies. Classroom listening materials and activities should be designed to incorporate the two main purposes of communication-a transactional purpose and an interactional purpose-as well as the two different types of information processes-top-down listening and bottom-up listening.