비한정 명사구의 의미와 대명사 조응현상

조경숙 대한언어학회 1998 언어학 Vol.6 No.1

Cho, Kyung-sook. 1996. The meaning of Indefinites and Pronominal Anaphora. Linguistics, 6-1, 193-213. The purposes of this paper are to study certain proposals related with the semantic interpretation of indefinites and pronominal anaphora, and to discuss their differences and problems. In formal semantics, indefinites have been traditionally treated as existential quantifiers. However, the quantificational approach of indefinites can not explain anaphoric relations between indefinite NPs and pronouns in the donkey sentences or in the inter-sentential examples. Therefore, in order to explain these anaphoric relations in maintaining the non-referential interpretation of indefinites, two theories are proposed: the E-type Theory and the Discourse Representation Theory. The E-type approach considers indefinites as existential quantifiers, and pronouns as definite descriptions. On the other hand, the DRT approach considers both indefinites and pronouns as variables, and explains their anaphoric relations in the discourse representation structure. In spite of these differences, two theories have the same problem: the problem of proportion. (Honam University)

영어 법조동사에 대한 의미 분석

조경숙 대한언어학회 1997 언어학 Vol.5 No.2

Cho, Kyung-sook. 1997. The Semantic Analysis of English Modal Auxiliaries. Linguistics, 5-2, 77-98. The purpose of this paper is to study the semantic relationship among English modal auxiliaries. For this purpose, firstly, I analyzed the meanings of central modal auxiliaries in terms of the kinds and the degrees of modality. In the kinds of modality, there are four types such as [epistemic], [deontic], [capacity] and [generic]. Also, there are three degrees of modality: [necessity], [approximate necessity] and [possibility]. Through this analysis, I tried to show the semantic relationship among several central modal auxiliaries. Next, I analyzed the meanings of marginal modal auxiliaries that have some different morphological, syntactic properties to central modal auxiliaries, in terms of the kinds and the degrees of modality. Through this analysis, I tried to show semantic similarities and implicational differences between central modal auxiliaries and marginal modal auxiliaries. (Honam University)

환자, 간호사, 의사가 지각하는 교육요구도와 교육제공정도에 관한 연구

박인숙,문영숙,조미경,최은숙,이경숙,정길수 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for the planning of education of patients by exploring and comparing patients', nurses' and doctors' perception of the educational needs and degree of providing education. 66 hospitalized patients undergoing chemotherapy and 44 nurses, 42 doctors assigned for the direct care were sampled in 1 university hospital in Taejon from August 30, 1993 to September 30, 1993. For the comparing patients', nurses' and doctors' perecption of the educational needs and degree of providing education, the researcher used Kims' Educational need scale which is composed of 20 item Likert type 5 point scale. Data were analyzed by means of percentile score, SPSS, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation. The result were as follows 1. Comparision of total Mean score patients', nurses' and doctors' perception of the educational need ordering nurses(M=4.0465), patients (M=3.9803), doctors (M=3.8309). The difference between the three group's total Mean score is showed no statistical significant difference. 2. Comparision of total Mean score patients' educational need, patients' percetion of nurses' and doctors' degree of providing education, patients' educational need is scored 3.9803, patients' perception of nurse is scored 2.3431, patients' perception of doctor is scored 2.5022. The difference between the patients' educational need and medical teams' degree of providing education is showed statistical significant difference(P<.001). 3. Comparision of total mean score nurses' educational need is scored 4.0465, nurses' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is scored 2.9920, patients' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is scored 2.3431. The difference of between the nurses' educational need and nurses' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is showed statistical significant difference(P<.001) 4. Comparision of total mean score doctors' educational need is scored 3.8309, doctors' perception of doctors' degree of providing eduation is scored 3.1726, patients' perception of doctors' degree of providing education is scored 2.5022. The difference of between the doctors' educational need and doctors' perception of doctors' degree of providing education is showed statistical difference(P<.001).

영어와 한국어의 부정에 관한 유형적 비교

조경숙 ( Kyung Sook Cho ) 21세기영어영문학회 2004 영어영문학21 Vol.17 No.2

The Typological Comparison of Negation between English and Korean Cho, Kyung-Sook(Honam University) This paper aims to compare the phenomena of negation between English and Korean on the syntactic typological base, especially the phenomena of standard negation as well as quantifier negation and adverbial negation. In standard negation, these two languages show typological similarities of using a negative particle, and of accompanying a secondary modification of inserting an auxiliary verb. However, we can find important differences in two languages: First, in the contraction structures, English language uses the device of morphological negatives, while Korean language uses an auxiliary negative verb. Second, Korean has alternative negative particles, which show complementary distribution depending on the types of predicates and sentences. Moreover, Korean negative particles have much flexibility in their position of the sentences than English negative particle. More typological differences are found in the realms of quantifier negation and adverbial negation. English has four devices of expressing quantifier or adverbial negation; negated quantifiers, inherently negative quantifiers, negated adverbials, and inherently negative adverbials. However, Korean doesn't have any forms of inherently negative quantifiers and inherently negative adverbials. It only permits the devices of negated quantifiers and negated adverbials, in very limited cases, such as in the case of predicate derivation forms. Therefore, the semantic equivalents of quantifier negations and adverbial negations in Korean, are mostly the forms of indefinite expressions or adverbials combined with standard negation.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

한국어와 영어의 시제/상 체계 : Focusing on "ko -iss" and "be + -ing" "고 있"과 "be + -ing"를 중심으로

조경숙 호남대학교 2000 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.21 No.1

This paper aims to study on the similarities and the differences in the tense/aspect systems between Korean and English, focusing on "ko -iss" and "be + -ing". Since these two languages have their individual tense/aspect systems, they show the independent correspondences between the tense/aspect formatives and their meanings. For example, the Korean formative "ko -iss" has the different semantic realm from the English formative "be + -ing" as follows: The "ko -iss" can represent not only the progressive aspect but also the meaning of repetition, the meaning of resultative state and the meaning of state. However, The "be + -ing" expresses the progressive aspect for the most part. Moreover, the "ko -iss" can be replaced by the simple present form very often, but the "be + -ing" permits this substitution in very special context. That is, the Korean formative "ko -iss" shares the larger part of the semantic realm with the simple present form, than the English formative "be + -ing" does. Consequently, these different usages between "ko -iss" and "be + -ing" can explain the similarities and the differences of the tense/aspect systems in Korean and English, and also represent the typological differences between two languages.

Helicobacter pylori와 대장균의 Shuttle Vector 개발

조명제,이우곤,이상룡,김경희,안영숙,김성희,김현주,류복덕,최여정,윤영혜,백승철,전영석,이광호 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.16 No.-

In this study, a vehicle vector using cryptic plasmids was constructed for gene transfer in Helicobacter pylori. pHP51(3.9 kb) and pHP489(1.2 kb) were selected for constructing vectors from cryptic plasmid of H. pylori isolates in Korea. The HindⅢ-digestedDNA fragment(1.2kb) of pHP489 and 1.6kb DNA fragment of pHP51 were ligated with a kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ) from C. jejuni to produce the recombinant plasmids pHP489K and pHP51K, respectively. Transformation frequency of pHP51K by electroporation was low. But pHP489K could be effectively transformed into various H. pylori strains. In order to design an intermdiate vehicle vector for gene transfer into H. pylori, pBlueHP489K was prepared by recloning pHP489K DNA into pBluescript and pTZ19R vector. This vector permitted the DNA fragment containing pHP489 sequence, aph3'-Ⅲ, and cloned DNA to be cut and self-ligated in the SacⅠ site after cloning. ureA and ureB gene were inserted into pBlueHP489K, resulting in pBlueHP489K/AB. The DNA fragment containing pHP489, kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ), and urease structural gene was cut away from pBlueHP489K/AB and self-ligated to generate pBlueHP489K/AB. pBlueHP489K/AB made urease-negative H. pylori strains restore their urease activity. By this experiment, pBlueHP489K was confirmed to be the vehicle system for transferring H. pylori genes.

시제 체계에 대한 한영 비교 연구

조경숙 호남대학교 2001 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.22 No.1

This paper aims to study on the similarities and the differences of the tense systems between Korean and English. These two languages have the similarity that they consist of two term tense systems, that is, present and past. They also have the similarities that the meanings of present tense correspond the meanings of past tense each other. However, the tense systems of Korean and English have very crucial differences in that their tense formatives represent their unique temporal and aspectual meanings. First, the Korean present tense formatives can represent the present progressive meaning, beside the meaning of the present state, the instantaneous event and the habitual event. On the other hand, English present formatives never express the present progressive meaning because they each have their independent semantic realm. Second, the Korean present tense formatives can represent the past event and the future event, if there are some adverbial expressions like temporal adverbs, or special contextual information. However, English present tense formatives don't use to represent the past tense or the future tense except in a very special context. These differences between Korean and English can also be found in the case of past tense formatives. Korean past tense formatives can represent the progressive aspectual meaning while English can not. That is, the Korean tense formatives permit to be substituted by other tense or aspect formatives, but the English tense formatives don't Consequently, Korean language have the tense system in which the temporal and aspectual meanings depend on the accompanying adverbial expressions or contextual information, as well as on the formal differences of the predicate auxiliaries. On the contrary, English language have the tense system in which the temporal and aspectual meanings are represented by the strict morphological devices as the formal distinctions of the predicates.

黃菊과 黑薔薇를 이용한 기능성 花茶 개발 Ⅱ.花茶의 품질특성

조경숙,서정근,정형석 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 1999 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구는 화차의 비율별 제조공정에 따른 화차의 관능적 품질을 평가하기 위해서 수행되었다. 녹차와 꽃의 시료에 대한 색도중 L, a, b값은 녹차가 29.93, -8.24, 9.27로 녹색을, 황국은 47.20, -1.69, 29.12로 밝은 황색을, 흑장미는 37.18, 4.47, 4.12로 흑적색을 띠웠다. 색상과 채도는 황국이 -17.23과 29.17로 가장 높아 색상이 가장 밝고 선명하였으며, 흑장미는 0.92와 6.08로 색상이 어둡고 둔탁한 적색을 띠워 녹차에 꽃을 혼합할 경우 시각적으로 황국은 쉽게 구별이 되었으며 흑장미는 쉽게 구별되지 않았다. 황국 화차는 꽃의 비율이 증가할수록 국화향, 상쾌하고 개운한 단맛의 증가와 더불어 떫은 맛이 감소하였으나, 혼합비율이 9:2 이상일 경우에는 쑥냄새와 같은 강한 국화향이 증가하여 녹차 고유의 향은 거의 상쇄되는 경향이었다. 장미 화차는 장미꽃이 증가할수록 시큼한 장미향이 강하게 증가하였고, 탄닌성분이 많아 떫고 텁텁한 맛과 시큼한 맛이 강한 것으로 평가되었다. 녹차에 알맞은 꽃의 혼합율은 9:1이하의 비율로 혼합했을 때 황국과 흑장미의 꽃잎색이 녹차와 어울려 전체적인 조화성과 풍미, 시각적 아름다움을 증가시켰다. 녹차에 꽃을 혼합한 화차는 녹차 단일의 차보다는 시각적 즐거움과 독특한 방향성이 부가되어 맛과 향이 풍부한 기능성 꽃차 개발에 좋은 재료로 평가되었다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of mixed ratio on the sensory evaluation in manufacture of functional flower tea. Among the chromaticity about green-tea and material flower, the amount of L, a, b of green tea was 29.93, -8.24, 9.27 with green, the amount of a yellow chrysanthemum(C.indicum) was 47.20, -1.69, 29.12 with bright yellow, the amount of a black rose(Rosa hybrida)is 37.18, 4.47, 4.12 with dark red. The yellow chrysanthemum has brightest and most distinct color with -17.23 hue and 29.17 chrome value, but the black rose has dark dead red color with 0.29 hue 6.08 chrome value. When the yellow chrysanthemum mixed with green tea, it was easily distinguished with naked eye. But the black rose was not distinguishable easily. As the retio increase, the yellow chrysanthemum tea has more chrysanthemum scent, increase of refreshing and relieved sweetness, and less astringent taste. If the mixed rate was over 9:2, original scent of green tea was almost offset with strong chrysanthemum scent like mugwort's. As the ratio increase, the rose tea has strongly increased sourish, and because of the tannin it was appraised strong astringent, unpleasant, sourish taste. The best-mixed ratio of green tea and flower is 9:1. When it mixed at this ratio, the yellow chrysanthemum and petal color of black rose was well matched with green tea, and the tea has general harmony and flavor and it is visually beautiful. Flower tea, green tea from flower, has added visually joy and unique fragrance, it was valued as fine material for rich taste and scent technical tea development.

전치사의 공간적 의미

조경숙 호남대학교 1999 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.20 No.1

In this paper, I'd like to explain the semantic similarities and the semantic differences among the English prepositions that express the spatial meanings in the sentences. For these purposes, I analyzed the spatial meanings of the English prepositions into the basic semantic elements such as: [Loc], [Dir], {Via], [Pnt], [Srf], [Cnt], [Apx], [Neg-Loc], [Abl]. In chapter 2, I dealt with the meanings of the prepositions "at, on, in" that expressed the spatial positions, with regard to the spatial dimensions. In chapter 3, I discussed the meanings of the prepositions "to, onto, into" that expressed the spatial movement direction. I also compared them with the meanings of the prepositions "past, across, through" that expressed the spatial movement paths. In chapter 4, I introduced a new basic semantic element [Apx], that represented the spatial dimension, and tried to explain the meanings of the prepositions "near, towards, by" systematically. In chapter 5, I showed the possibility of explaining the semantic correspondences between the positive prepositions and the negative prepositions, by analyzing their meanings into the basic semantic elements.