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요추부 척추전방전위증 환자에서 후방경유 추체간 골유합술 후 시상면 균형과 하부요통 간의 관계 분석
김 희열,주 창일,이 승명 조선대학교 의학연구원 2017 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.42 No.2
Measures of radiographic pelvic and spinal parameters of sagittal balance analysis have become of considerable importance for reconstructive surgery of the spine, particularly in cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis. The authors conducted a retrospective study of clinical outcomes and a radiological review on 231 patients with one or two level degenerative spondylolisthesis. First, patients were classified using preoperative pelvic parameters and evaluations were conducted using mean values of pre- and postoperative spinopelvic parameters. Second, patients were divided into two study groups, that is, Group A (n=105; exhibited no improvement (increase or no change) in pelvic tilt postoperatively) and Group B (n=126; exhibited pelvic tilt improvement (decrease) postoperatively). Clinical outcomes in the two groups were compared using Visual Analogue Pain Scores (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). All preoperative pelvic parameters show restoration tendency after PLIF surgery for spondylolisthesis, and greater deviations of preoperative pelvic parameters from normality showed greater recovery postoperatively. VAS and ODI improvements at follow-up were poorer in group A than in group B.
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미국 회사법상 적대적 M&A 상황에서의 강화된 경영판단의 원칙-델라웨어 州 회사법을 중심으로 -
손창일 한국상사판례학회 2012 상사판례연구 Vol.25 No.3
The business judgment rule is a “presumption that in making a business decision the directors of a corporation acted on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the company.”In the past, the board of directors at target merger and acquision (M&A) corporations have been recognized as being able to exercise the maximum M&A defense under the protection of the business judgment rule. However, since the mid 1980s, new rules began to be formulated under U.S. corporate law for directors in hostile M&A situations, particularly in Delaware. The “enhanced business judgment rule” was established over the general business judgment rule. Starting in 1985, notable precedents began to emerge from the State of Delaware and the Unocal, the Moran, and the Revlon cases, all of which were settled by 1986, accelerated the imposition of the revised rule. However, according to the author, the revised business judgment rule cannot be considered a business judgment rule for the following reasons:First, the enhanced business judgment rule changes the foundation of the business judgment rule because of the absence of presumption rule and the transition of the burden of proof. Second, the two rules are fundamentally different in that the business judgment rule considers the motive of the behavior while the enhanced business judgment rule also takes into account the extent of the behavior. Third, the enhanced business judgment rule is a strengthened version of the director’s fiduciary duty. In addition, the author believes that the enhanced business judgment rule is not really “enhanced” because of the following reasons:First, the burden of proof has been transferred to the board of directors through the transition of burden of proof, but the problem lies in the fact that it is actually easy to prove. Second, once the proof is easily obtained, the next step should be the implementation of the business judgment rule. Therefore, in practice, the enhanced business judgment rule does not really “enhance” the business judgment rule. As such, the enhanced business judgment rule cannot even be considered a business judgment rule, much less an “enhanced” one. The enhanced business judgment rule, however, can be an appropriate prototype for an ideal business judgment rule for the following reasons:First, it has the potential to be developed further as it places the burden of proof on the directors. Second, it is possible to increase the responsibility of the directors by assessing their behavior. Third, it may be possible to strengthen duty of loyalty, which has often been overlooked in the existing business judgment rule due to “reasonableness” factor and the imposition of duty as an “auctioneer.”
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빈집발생의 유형과 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 - 인천광역시 사례를 중심으로 -
임창일,나인수 한국BIM학회 2020 KIBIM Magazine Vol.10 No.1
The vacant houses commonly observed in urban aging are considered to be representative signs of urban decline. Vacant houses are themselves vulnerable to security, and in particular, they are exposed to disasters due to poor management, which can accelerate the decline of the area. This study is to classify the area and analyze the causes and characteristics of the occurrence of vacant houses by type based on the data through the survey on the vacant houses in Incheon. This research analyze vacant house data survey so to characterized and categorized types of vacant houses. The criteria of vacant houses analysis are population density, population growth, aging extent. In conclusion there are four types of region in Incheon area according to housing types, hazard classes, building age and building areas. Type A is inner city, type B is mixed, type C is expandable and type D is unsular types.
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CLOZ-COVERS OF TYCHONOFF SPACES
김창일 한국수학교육학회 2011 이론수학과 교직수학 Vol.18 No.4
In this paper, we construct a cover (L(X); cX) of a space X such that for any cloz-cover (Y; f) of X, there is a covering map g : Y ¡! L(X) with cX ± g =f. Using this, we show that every Tychono® space X has a minimal cloz-cover (Ecc(X); zX) and that for a strongly zero-dimensional space X, ¯Ecc(X) = Ecc(¯X) if and only if Ecc(X) is z#-embedded in Ecc(¯X).
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