Cardiopulmonary function and scoliosis severity in idiopathic scoliosis children

허석원,은영민,김남균,정조원,최재영,김학선 대한소아청소년과학회 2015 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.58 No.6

Purpose: Idiopathic scoliosis is a structural lateral curvature of the spine of unknown etiology. The relationship between degree of spine curvature and cardiopulmonary function has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between scoliosis and cardiopulmonary characteristics. Methods: Ninety children who underwent preoperative pulmonary or cardiac evaluation at a single spine institution over 41 months were included. They were divided into the thoracic-dominant scoliosis (group A, n=78) and lumbar-dominant scoliosis (group B, n=12) groups. Scoliosis severity was evaluated using the Cobb method. In each group, relationships between Cobb angles and cardiopulmonary markers such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary artery flow velocity, and tissue Doppler velocities (E/E’, E’/A’) were analyzed by correlation analysis linear regression. Results: In group A, 72 patients (92.3%) underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and 41 (52.6%) underwent echocardiography. In group B, 9 patients (75.0%) underwent PFT and 8 (66.7%) underwent echocardiography. Cobb angles showed a significant negative correlation with FVC and FEV1 in group A (both P<0.05), but no such correlation in group B, and a significant negative correlation with mitral E/A ratio (P<0.05) and tissue Doppler E’/A’ (P<0.05) in group A, with a positive correlation with mitral E/A ratio (P<0.05) in group B. Conclusion: Pulmonary and cardiac function was significantly correlated with the degree of scoliosis in patients with thoracic-dominant scoliosis. Myocardial diastolic function might be impaired in patients with the most severe scoliosis.

내정형 시스템을 위한 최적화된 RSA 암호화 프로세서 설계

허석원,김문경,이용석 한국통신학회 2004 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.29 No.4

내장형 시스템을 위한 최적화된 RSA 암호화 프로세서 설계

허석원,김문경,이용석 한국통신학회 2004 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.29 No.4A

본 논문에서는 RSA 암호화 알고리즘을 지원하기 위한 암호화 프로세서의 구조를 제안한다. 본 논문의 RSA 암호화 프로세서는 빅 몽고메리 알고리즘(FIOS)을 기반으로 제안되였으며, 다양한 비트 길이(128∼2048 비트)를 지원한다. RSA 암호화 프로세서의 구조는 RSA 제어 신호 발생기, 빅 몽고메리 프로세서(가산기, 승산기)의 모듈로 구성된다. 빅 몽고메리 프로세서의 가산기와 승산기는 다양한 알고리즘을 이용하여 구현하였다. 내장형 시스템에 적합하게 설계하기 위하여 여러 가지 연산기를 합성한 결과 중에서 ARM 코프로세서와 연동할 수 있는 동작주파수를 갖는 연산기 중에서 가장 작은 연산기를 선택하였다. RSA 암호화 프로세서는 Verilog-HDL을 이용하여 하향식 설계 방법으로 구현되었으며, C언어와 Cadence의 Verilog-XL을 이용하여 검증하였다. 검증된 모델은 하이닉스 0.25$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS standard cell 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성되었으며, 2.3V, 10$0^{\circ}C$ 최악 조건에서 동작한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 RSA 암호화 프로세서는 약 51MHz의 주파수에서 동작하며, 게이트 수는 nand2 게이트 기준으로 36,639 gates의 면적을 가진다. This paper proposes a RSA crypto-processor for embedded systems. The architecture of the RSA crypto-processor should be used relying on Big Montgomery algorithm, and is supported by configurable bit size. The RSA crypto-processor includes a RSA control signal generator, an optimal Big Montgomery processor(adder, multiplier). We use diverse arithmetic unit (adder, multiplier) algorithm. After we compared the various results, we selected the optimal arithmetic unit which can be connected with ARM core-processor. The RSA crypto-processor was implemented with Verilog HDL with top-down methodology, and it was verified by C language and Cadence Verilog-XL. The verified models were synthesized with a Hynix 0.25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, CMOS standard cell library while using Synopsys Design Compiler. The RSA crypto-processor can operate at a clock speed of 51 MHz in this worst case conditions of 2.7V, 10$0^{\circ}C$ and has about 36,639 gates.

고성능 가산기의 최적화 연구

허석원,김문경,이용주,이용석 한국통신학회 2004 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.29 No.5A

In this paper, we implement single cycle and multi cycle adders. We can compare area and time by using the implemented adders. The size of adders is 64, 128, 256-bits. The architecture of hybrid adders is that the carry-out of small adder groups can be interconnected by utilizing n carry propagate unit. The size of small adder groups is selected in three formats - 4, 8, 16-bits. These adders were implemented with Verilog HDL with top-down methodology, and they were verified by behavioral model. The verified models were synthesized with a Samsung 0,35(um), 3.3(V) CMOS standard cell library while a using Synopsys Design Compiler. All adders were synthesized with group or ungroup. The optimized adder for a Crypto-processor included Smart Card IC is that a 64-bit RCA based on 16-bit CLA. All small adder groups in this optimized adder were synthesized with group. This adder can operate at a clock speed of 198 MHz and has about 961 gates. All adders can execute operations in this won case conditions of 2.7 V, 85 $^{\circ}C$. 본 논문에서는 단일 클락 사이클과 다중 클락 사이클에 수행되는 여러 가산기를 구현하고 area와 time을 비교한다. 가산기의 크기를 64, 128, 256-비트로 다양화 시키면서, 특히 하이브리드 구조의 가산기는 소그룹을 4, 8, 16-비트로 나누어서 group / ungroup으로 합성을 하여 비교하였다. 제안된 가산기들은 Verilog-HDL을 이용하여 하향식 설계 방법으로 구현되었다. Cadence의 Verilog-XL.을 이용하여 설계된 가산기와 behavioral model을 이용한 가산기의 출력이 일치하는지를 비교하여 검증하였다. 검증된 모델은 삼성 0.35um 3.3(V) CMOS standard cell 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성되었으며, 최악 조건 2.7(V), 85($^{\circ}C$)에서 동작하였다. 스마트 카드 IC의 Crypto-Processor에 사용할 수 있는 최적화된 가산기는 64-비트를 기준으로 할 때, group으로 합성된 16-비트 캐리 예측 가산기를 기반으로 하는 리플 캐리 가산기(RCA_CLA)이다. 이 가산기는 198(MHz)의 속도로 동작하며, 게이트 수는 nand2 게이트 기준으로 약 967개이다.

고성능 가산기의 최적화 연구

허석원,김문경,이용주,이용석 한국통신학회 2004 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.29 No.5

요통을 동반한 요추 추간판 탈출증 환자에 대한 Sandbag Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment 호전도 비교 연구: 무작위배정 대조군연구

허석원 ( Suk Won Huh ),윤용일 ( Yong Il Yun ),이동현 ( Dong Hyun Lee ),유형진 ( Hyung Jin Yoo ),정성현 ( Seong Hyun Jeong ),박주언 ( Joon Park ),이현호 ( Hyun Ho Lee ),이승희 ( Seung Hee Lee ),정범환 ( Bum Hwan Jung ) 한방재활의학과학회 2016 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of MSAT (Motion style acupuncture treatment) using Sandbag regarding low back pain with HIVD of L-SPINE. Methods Forty patients received inpatient treatment from March 16 to May 16, 2015 in the Daejon-Jaseng oriental medicine hospital were divided into 2 groups by blocked randomization: Group A (n=20) is routine treatment on HIVD of L-SPINE with MSAT using Sandbag and Group B (n=20) is routine treatment on HIVD of L-SPINE (acupuncture, Shinbaro pharmacopuncture, herb medication, chuna treatment and physiotherapy). The MSAT (Motion style acupuncture treatment) using Sandbag was administered each day and both groups were received routine treatment each day. Evaluations were made before treatment, after 3 days and 7 days, and before discharge using the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index). The statistically significance was evaluated by SPSS 22.0 for windows. Results The NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index) of both A and B groups after 3, 7 days and before discharge of treatment significantly decreased (p <0.05). Regarding group comparison, the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index) of A group was significantly lower than the B group at 3, 7 days, before discharge (p<0.05). Regarding improvement of the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index), A group was significantly lower than the B group at 3 day (NRS), 7 day (ODI) (p<0.05). There was significant difference between two groups at 7 days (NRS) and before discharge (p<0.05). Conclusions Compared to routine treatment, the MSAT (Mostion style acuputure treatment) using Sandbag significantly improved the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index) after 3, 7 days, and before discharge. Because early intervention determines the grade of Low back pain with HIVD of L-SPINE, the MSAT (Motion style acupuncture treatment) using Sandbag will be clinically helpful to patients at the early stage. (J Korean Med Rehab 2016;26(1):79-86)

하지방사통을 동반한 요추 추간판 탈출증 환자에 대한 이상근 MSAT 치료군과 비치료군의 후향적 호전도 비교 연구

허석원 ( Suk Won Huh ),최철우 ( Chul Woo Choi ),이동현 ( Dong Hyun Lee ),유형진 ( Hyung Jin Yoo ),윤용일 ( Yong Il Yun ),임한빛 ( Han Bit Lim ),정연재 ( Yun Jae Jeong ),김동환 ( Dong Hwan Kim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2014 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of MSAT (Mostion style acuputure treatment) on piriformis muscle regarding leg radiating pain with HIVD of L-SPINE. Methods Forty patients who received inpatient treatment from Febuarary 1 to March 31, 2014 in the Daejon-Jaseng oriental medicine hospital were divided into 2 groups by blocked randomization : Group A (n=20)=routine treatment on HIVD of L-SPINE with MSAT on piriformis muscle and Group B (n=20)=routine treatment on HIVD of L-SPINE (acupuncture, Shinbaro pharmacopuncture, herb medication, chuna treatment and physiotherapy). The MSAT (Mostion style acuputure treatment) on piriformis muscle was administered each day and both groups were received routine treatment each day. Evaluations were made before treatment, after 3 days and 7 days, and before discharge using the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index). The statistically significance was evaluated by SPSS 18.0 for windows. Results Compared to before treatment, the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index) of both A and B groups after 3, 7 days and before discharge of treatment significantly decreased (p<0.05). Regarding group comparison, the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index) of A group was significantly lower than the B group at 3, 7 days, before dischanre (p<0.05). Regarding improvement of the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index), A group was significantly lower than the B group at 3 day (NRS), 7day (ODI) (p=0.000) but there was no significant difference between the two groups at 7 days (NRS) and before discharge (p>0.05). Conclusions Compared to just routine treatment, the MSAT (Mostion style acuputure treatment) on piriformis muscle significantly improved the NRS (numeric rating scale) and ODI (oswestry disability index) after 3, 7 days, and before discharge. Because early intervention determines the grade of Leg radiating pain with HIVD of L-SPINE, the MSAT (Mostion style acuputure treatment) on piriformisat the early stage will be clinically helpful to patients. (J Korean Med Rehab 2014;24(3):131-137)

골반 변위가 있는 환자에서 추나 치료군과 자가 MET 병행군의 교정 정도 비교 연구 : 무작위 대조 연구

윤용일,허석원,배영춘,정범환,조주현,Yun, Yong-Il,Huh, Suk-Won,Bae, Young-Chun,Jung, Bum-Hwan,Jo, Joo-Hyun 척추신경추나의학회 2015 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of Chuna manual treatment and Chuna manual treatment with self muscle energy techniques on patients with pelvic malposition Methods : Random allocation was done. We used Chuna manual treatment to control group and Chuna manual treatment with self muscle energy techniques to experimental group. These patient's pelvic malposition were checked by Leg length analysis, measuring Innominate measurement length, obturator foramen size and height of femur head. Results : 1)After the 3 weeks treatment, patients' inequality of leg length and Innominate measurement length were significantly reduced. 2)There was no significant difference between control group and experimental group. Conclusions : Chuna manual treatment and Chuna manual treatment with self muscle energy techniques are considered to be effective and useful in patients with pelvic malposition. But there was no significant difference between control group and experimental group.

신바로약침과 침치료를 이용한 족저근막염 환자 4례에 대한 임상증례보고

최철우,허석원,윤용일,민부기,김민균,윤제필,최진령,오민석,Choi, Chul-Woo,Huh, Suk-Won,Yun, Yong-Il,Min, Boo-Ki,Kim, Min-Kyun,Yoon, Je-Pil,Choi, Jin-Ryung,Oh, Min-Seok 척추신경추나의학회 2013 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Objects : This study is a report on treatment effect of the case that treated by using of Shinbaro pharmacopunture and acupuncture to plantar fasciitis patients. Methods : The four patients diagnosed with Plantar fasciitis were treated by using of Shinbaro pharmacopunture and acupuncture, Algometer Pressure and Numeric rating scale(NRS) were used as the evaluation tool of treatment effect. Results : Shinbaro pharmacopunture and acupuncture showed improvement of symptoms for all patient groups and brought about significant change on numerical value of Algometer Pressure and Numeric rating scale(NRS). Conclusions : The result shows that Shinbaro pharmacopunture and acupuncture can be effective treatment to Plantar fasciitis. Merely later, further study is needed.

KL-Grade의 정도와 슬관절 통증의 한의학적 치료 효과의 상관성 연구

이기언 ( Gi-eon Lee ),허석원 ( Suk-won Huh ),이현호 ( Hyun-ho Lee ),정성현 ( Seong-hyun Jeong ),조경상 ( Kyeong-sang Jo ),한시훈 ( Si-hoon Han ),최지훈 ( Ji-hoon Choi ),노지애 ( Ji-ae Roh ) 대한한의학회 한방재활의학과학회 2017 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the effects between the KL-Grade and improvement of knee pain treated by Korean Medicine therapy. Methods 114 patients who received inpatient treatment from July 2014 to May 2017 in the Daejeon Jaseng of Korean Medicine Hospital were divided into 5 groups by the KL-Grade. All patients received a combination of treatment including acupunture, pharmacopunture, herbal medication. They were compared and analyzed on the basis of improvement between measuring Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC Index), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D Index) as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. The statistically significance was evaluated by SPSS 23.0 for windows. Results After treatment, KL-Grade 0 group`s Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC Index), EuroQol-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D Index) improvement was 2.02±1.69, 7.50±9.67 and 0.11±0.15 respectively. KL-Grade 1 group`s improvement was 2.09±1.23, 11.75±13.99 and 0.12±0.13 respectively. KL-Grade 2 group`s improvement was 1.60±1.07 and 14.70±14.19 respectively. But In this group, EQ-5D Index has decreased by 0.01±0.10. KL-Grade 3 group`s improvement was 1.88±1.31, 7.81±13.35 and 0.13±0.20 respectively (p<0.034). In the case of KL-Grade 4, the population was not statistically significant (N=2) and therefore excluded from statistical significance. And there was no statistically significance between 4 group`s improvement after treatment (p>0.05). Conclusions The above study showed that Korean medicine treatments showed significant therapeutic effects on knee pain and degenerative knee joints, but there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of degenerative arthritis (KL-Grade). (J Korean Med Rehabil 2017;27(3):137-146)