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표경호,임선민,신춘봉,김동권,김재환,변영선,김영섭,윤미란,이지민,이원근,이은지,이슬,이유원,이두재,김현우,김창곤,홍민희,박준동 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.1
Purpose: Agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) play a key role in activating the STING pathway by promoting the production of cytokines. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects and activation of the systemic immune response of treatment with DMXAA (5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid), a STING agonist, in EML4-ALK lung cancer and CT26 colon cancer. Materials and Methods: The abscopal effects of DMXAA in the treatment of metastatic skin nodules were assessed. EML4-ALK lung cancer and CT26 colon cancer models were used to evaluate these effects after DMXAA treatment. To evaluate the expression of macrophages and T cells, we sacrificed the tumor-bearing mice after DMXAA treatment and obtained the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the expression of each FFPE and tumor cell. Results: We observed that highly infiltrating immune cells downstream of the STING pathway had increased levels of chemokines after DMXAA treatment. In addition, the levels of CD80 and CD86 in antigen-presenting cells were significantly increased after STING activation. Furthermore, innate immune activation altered the systemic T cell-mediated immune responses, induced proliferation of macrophages, inhibited tumor growth, and increased numbers of cytotoxic memory T cells. Tumor-specific lymphocytes also increased in number after treatment with DMXAA. Conclusion: The abscopal effect of DMXAA treatment on the skin strongly reduced the spread of EML4-ALK lung cancer and CT26 colon cancer through the STING pathway and induced the presentation of antigens.
홍대운 ( Hong Dae Un ) 북한연구학회 2021 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.25 No.1
해방 후 1950년대까지는 소련법이 북한법에 지대한 영향을 미쳤으나, 이후 소련법의 영향은 지속적으로 감소하였다. 1980년대부터 북한법에 대한 중국법의 영향이 증가하였으나 과거 소련법의 영향력에 비하면 제한적인 수준에 머물러있으며, 다른 국가의 법도 북한법에 영향을 미친 것이 확인되었다. 북한의 외국법 연구경향도 대체로 이러한 궤적을 따라 변화해왔다. 1950년대까지는 소련법에 대한 연구가 주로 이루어졌으나, 1960년대부터 소련법에 대한 언급이 크게 감소하였다. 북한에서 근래 중국법 연구가 증가한 것은 사실이지만, 북한의 법학논문을 분석해보면 특히 김정은 집권 이후 북한 법학자들이 중국 등 사회주의 국가의 법보다 독일, 프랑스, 영국 등 서구 자본주의 국가들의 법에 더 많은 비중을 두고 연구하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 북한의 법학자들은 주로 중국 대학 방문조사나 유학 등을 통해 해외 법률문헌을 수집하고 있으며, 그 외에도 북한 또는 중국에서 열리는 학술회의나 세미나 등에 참가한 해외 법학연구자나 변호사들을 통해 외국법에 관한 정보를 얻고 있다. 또한 법학 분야에서도 김일성종합대학에 외국인 유학생을 받아들이는 등 과거보다 대외교류에 대한 개방적인 태도가 드러난다. 앞으로 북한의 대외개방이 진전될 경우에는 북한에서도 외국법 연구의 대상과 그 폭이 더 넓어질 것으로 전망된다. In the early history of North Korea, at least until the 1950s, there was a strong Soviet influence on North Korean law. Although the influence of Chinese law began increasing in the 1980s, it remained limited compared to the erstwhile influence of Soviet law. However, it was recently uncovered that the laws of other countries have also influenced North Korean law. The trend of North Korea’s foreign law studies has changed along a similar trajectory. Until the 1950s, most North Korean law scholars focused their research on Soviet law, but from the 1960s onwards, references to Soviet law decreased significantly in North Korean materials. My analysis of North Korean law journal articles suggests that North Korean scholars, especially since Kim Jong-un came to power, have been studying the laws of Western capitalist countries, such as Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, more heavily than those of socialist countries, such as China. North Korean law scholars’ main sources of foreign legal materials appear to be visits to Chinese universities or studies abroad. In addition, these scholars have obtained information on foreign law by meeting foreign law scholars and practitioners at international conferences and seminars held in North Korea and China. Moreover, it seems that the field of law has become more open to international exchanges than in the past, as illustrated by the acceptance of full-time international students into the law degree programs at Kim Il-sung University. In the future, it is expected that when North Korea opens itself up to the outside world, the subject and scope of foreign law research will widen in North Korea as well.
CO2 포집을 포함한 석탄 가스화 시스템에서 급냉 방법에 따른 비교
이중원,김의식,고경호,정재화,홍진표 한국수소및신에너지학회 2012 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.23 No.3
The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system is well known for its high efficiency compared with that of other coal fueled power generation system. IGCC offers substantial advantages over pulverized coal combustion when carbon capture and storage (CCS) is required. Commercial plants employ different types of quenching system to meet the purpose of the system. Depending on that, the downstream units of IGCC can be modeled using different operating conditions and units. In case with CO2 separation and capture, the gasifier product must be converted to hydrogen-rich syngas using Water Gas Shift (WGS) reaction. In most WGS processes, the water gas shift reactor is the biggest and heaviest component because the reaction is relatively slow compared to the other reactions and is inhibited at higher temperatures by thermodynamics. In this study, tehchno-econimic assessments were found according to the quench types and operating conditions in the WGS system. These results can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of coal gasification.
DHP분석을 이용한 산림탄소순환마을 대상지 평가기준 선발에 관한 연구
서정원 ( Jeong Weon Seo ),곽경호 ( Kyung Ho Kwak ),정세명 ( Se Myong Jeong ),강성표 ( Sung Pyo Kang ),안기완 ( Ki Wan An ) 한국산림과학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.4
The purpose of this study has been carried to develop a criterion for the selection of evaluation factors on Forest Carbon Cycle Community(F.C.C.C) based on the result of survey of 96 participants who were operation managers on mountain eco village(31), relevant experts(33), and officers of local government(32). For analysis of the results of survey, DHP(Delphi Hierarchy Process) method was used which is a combination of Delphi method and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The key factors on selection of a suitable area to launch F.C.C.C. project of Korea Forest Service was selected under three hierarchical classes. Class 1 comprises 3 indices(Physical resource index, Human resource index, Vision index), and Class 2 which contains 10 indices (Existing resource, Surroundings resource, Forest biomass resource, Humanities Social quality, Local resident participation, Leader`s ability, External support, Planning of operation, Capability of operation, and Effect of operation). Class 3 is sub-level class of class which possess 38 indices. From the results of analysis, Consistency Index(C.I) of each index in the 3 classes was used as evaluation factor. In Class 1, index ``human resources`` showed highest Consistency Index(0.454). In Class 2, index ``forest biomass resources`` was the highest Consistency Index(0.376) in ``physical resources`` of Class 1, index ``leader`s ability`` was the highest Consistency Index(0.326) in ``human resources`` of Class 1, and Index ``planning of operation`` was the highest Consistency Index(0.346) in ``vision`` of Class 1. In Class 3, relative importance of 38 index including ``Joint ownership land security(C.I.-0.266)`` was evaluated. Based on the result of this study, a criterion for the selection of evaluation factors for F.C.C.C was developed and the evaluation criterion is expected to be use to select of a suitable area to launch F.C.C.C. project since 2011.