법정에서의 영어(10) - 특히 한미(韓美) 행협사건(行協事件) 재판을 중심으로 -

최훈식 한국사법행정학회 1972 사법행정 Vol.13 No.9

Analysis of Motion-dependent Clinical Outcome of Tumor Tracking Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

최훈식,강기문,정배권,송진호,이윤희,하인봉,감성철,화정석,현재석,도정모,정동혁,정호진 대한의학회 2018 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.33 No.14

Background: To analyze clinical outcome of CyberKnife (CK) tumor-tracking stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer (Pca) according to the magnitude of intra-fractional prostate motion. Methods: Medical records and daily treatment logs for 71 patients who received CK tumor-tracking SBRT were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical relationships between prostate motion and various outcome results, including local recurrence (LR), biochemical failure (BF), and treatment-related toxicity, were investigated in order to evaluate motion-dependent efficacy of tumor-tracking SBRT for Pca. Results: In a total 71 patients, 3 (4.2%) patients with LR, 12 (16.9%) patients with BF, and 22 (31%) patients with grade-II or worse toxicities to rectal or bladder (22 to rectal, 22 to bladder and 8 patients to both) were observed in a median follow-up of 47 months. Magnitudes of intra-fractional tumor motion along superior-inferior, right-left, and anterior-posterior (AP) axes were 0.15 ± 0.31, 0.12 ± 0.19, and 0.73 ± 0.32 mm, respectively. Radial magnitude was estimated to be 1.0 ± 0.35 mm. Intra-fractional movement was not significantly correlated with tumor control. However, it was significant correlated with the incidence of grade-II or worse toxicity to rectum or bladder particularly when tumor motion was in the AP axis. Conclusion: Our quantitative results revealed that toxicity related to SBRT treatment was highly sensitive to intra-fractional prostate movements, although local-tumor control was not affected by such movements. Our results demonstrate that precise motion correction is essential in prostate SBRT, even if it seems to be small.

Tumor Control and Overall Survival after Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Pulmonary Oligometastases from Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-Analysis

최훈식,정배권,강기문,정호진,송진호,하인봉,권오영 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.4

Purpose In pulmonary oligometastases from colorectal cancer (POM-CRC), the primarily recommended local therapy is metastasectomy. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is another local therapy modality that is considered as an alternative option in patients who cannot undergo surgery. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to demonstrate the effects of SBRT on POM-CRC by integrating the relevant studies. Materials and Methods The authors explored MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, and selected studies including patients treated with SBRT for POM-CRC and availability of local control (LC) or overall survival (OS) rate. In this meta-analysis, the effect of SBRT was presented in the form of the LC and OS rates for 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after SBRT as pooled estimates, and the frequency of pulmonary toxicity of grade 3 or higher after SBRT (PTG3-SBRT). Results Fourteen full texts among the searched 4,984 studies were the objects of this meta-analysis. The overall number of POM-CRC patients was 495 as per the integration of 14 studies. The pooled estimate LC rate at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after SBRT was 81.0%, 71.5%, 56.0%, and 61.8%, and the OS rate was 86.9%, 70.1%, 57.9%, and 43.0%, respectively. The LC and OS rates gradually declined until 3 years after SBRT in a similar pattern. Among the 14 studies, only two studies reported PTG3-SBRT as 2.2% and 10.8%, respectively. Conclusion For POM-CRC, SBRT is an ablative therapy with a benefit on LC and OS rates and less adverse effects on the lung.

좀 및 애옷좀나방의 발육조건과 Vaporthrin, Naphthalene 및 Paradichlorobenzene에 의한 방충효과

최훈식,유효석,강한철 한국곤충학회 1996 Entomological Research Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 좀(Lepisma saccharina) 및 애옷좀나방(Tineola bisselliella)의 먹이습성 및 온도별, 먹이별 발육효과 등을 규명하고 기존에 사용되거나 새로이 개발된 의류용 방충제로 이용되는 vaporthrin, naphthalene 및 paradichlorobenzene에 의한 살충 효과를 비교 시험하였다. 좀 및 애옷좀나방의 먹이 습성은, 좀은 옷감에 풀을 먹이지 않은 경우에는 cotton, silk, wool 순으로 옷감을 가해했으나 애옷좀나방은 wool, cocoon, untreated silk순으로 옷감을 가해하였다. 애옷좀나방 암컷의 온도별 발육기간 은 17$^{\circ}C$에서는 185.7일, 22$^{\circ}C$에서는 92.9일, 27$^{\circ}C$에서는 65.4일 그리고 32$^{\circ}C$에서는 66.1일로 나타났다. 애옷좀나방 유충의 온도에 따른 영사망율은 17$^{\circ}C$에서는 난과 1령, 2령 유충에서 각각 48.0%, 53.8%, 14.3%를, 32$^{\circ}C$에서는 난과 1령, 2령 유충에서 각각 24.0%, 52.6%, 11.1%를 나타냈으며 용기간에는 동일하게 12.2%를 나타내었다. 애옷좀나방 암컷의 먹이별 발육기간은 fishmeal만을 제공했을 경우 73.6일 fishmeal과 yeast를 제공했을 경우 67.2일, wool과 yeast를 제공했을 경우 65.5일을 나타내는 반면 wool 만을 제공했을 경우 계속적으로 유충 기간을 유지하였다. 좀에 대한 vaporthrin, paradichlorobenzene, naphthalene의 ED$_{50}$ (Effective Dosage)는 vaporthrin 17.74 $\mu\textrm{g}$, paradichlorobenzene 44.34 $\mu\textrm{g}$, naphthalene 155.55 $\mu\textrm{g}$으로 나타나 vaporthrin이 paradichlorobenzene에 비해서 2.5배, naphthalene에 비해서 8.8배의 감수성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 종에 대한 vaporthrin의 잔류 약효는 20주까지 지속되었으며. 전체 실험 곤충에 대하여 20%의 치사 효과를 나타냈다. 애옷좀나방에 대한 vaporthrin, paradichlorobenzene, naphthalene의 ED$_{50}$는 vaporthrin 229.69 $\mu\textrm{g}$, paradichlorobenzene 26413.76 $\mu\textrm{g}$이였으며 naphthalene은 Ig 이상에서도 방충효과가 나타나지 않았다. 애옷좀나방에 대한 vaporthrin의 약효는 16주까지 전체 실험 곤충에 대하여 90%의 치사효과를 나타내었다. Vaporthrin은 애옷좀나방 유충에 대하여 호흡독 뿐 아니라 접촉독도 있음이 확인되었다. Studies were carried out to investigate biological characteristics including the feeding preference, growth and development of two most common clothes pest, the silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) and common clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella) by the effects of temperature and food sources, and to compare the efficacy of their control with vaporthrin, naphthalene, and paradichlorobenzene. The damage of clothes made by L. saccharine, and T. bisselliella were greater on wool than on cocoon and untreated silk. However, T bisseliiella made damage on on wool, cotton and untreated silk in order of magnitude. T. bisselliella showed shorter develop-mental period in 65.4 days from egg to adult emergence at 27$^{\circ}C$, while at 17$^{\circ}C$, it took 185.7days as much as 3 folds longer. The mortality of the eggs, 1st and 2nd instar larvae of T. bisselliella represented higher at 17$^{\circ}C$ by 48.0, 53.8, and 14.3% respectively, however. at 32$^{\circ}C$ the mortality was 24.0, 52.6 and 11.1% respectively. The developmental period of T. bisseiliella by 7 different food sources including wool, wool+yeast, fishmeal, fishmeal+yeast, yeast, cotton and silk, showed that T. bisselliella fed on wool+yeast had shorter period for adult emergence of 65.5 days, followed by 73.6 and 67.2 days with fishmeal and fishmeal+yeast, respectively. However the immature of T. bisselliella fed on wool only were continued until 15th larval stage. L. saccharina tested were most susceptible to vaporthrin with ED$_{50}$ 17.74 $\mu\textrm{g}$, followed by paradichlorobenzene (44.34 $\mu\textrm{g}$), naphthalene least susceptible with ED$_{50}$ of 155.55 $\mu\textrm{g}$; test results showed vaporthrin was 2.5 and 8.8 folds more susceptible than that of the other 2 chemicals respectively. The residual effect of vaporthrin was produced 20% mortality against 1. saccharine for 20 weeks periods, in cagetests. T. biss-eliieiia tested were also most susceptible to vaporthrin with ED$_{50}$ 229.69 $\mu\textrm{g}$ followed by paradichlorobenzene (26, 413.76 $\mu\textrm{g}$) and naphthalene was not susceptible with more than 1g. The residual effect of vaporthrin was produced 90% mortality against T. bisseiliella for 16 weeks periods, in cage-tests. The respiratory toxicity and the contact toxicity by vaporthrin were confirmed.

Damascence 프로세스의 적용상의 문제점 및 특허 문헌에 나타난 해결방안

최훈식 한국전기전자재료학회 2000 전기전자재료 Vol.13 No.6

법정에서의 영어(5) - 특히 한미(韓美) 행협사건(行協事件) 재판을 중심으로 -

최훈식 한국사법행정학회 1972 사법행정 Vol.13 No.4

Carotid sparing intensity modulated radiotherapy on early glottic cancer: preliminary study

최훈식,정배권,정호진,송진호,김진평,박정제,우승훈,강기문 대한방사선종양학회 2016 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: To compare the dose distribution between carotid sparing intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and opposed lateral field technique (LAFT), and to determine the effects of carotid sparing IMRT in early glottic cancer patients who have risk factors for atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: Ten early glottic cancer patients were treated with carotid sparing IMRT. For each patient, the conventional LAFT plan was developed for comparison. IMRT and LAFT plans were compared in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage, conformity index, homogeneity index, and the doses to planning organ at risk volume (PRV) for carotid arteries, spinal cord and pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Results: Recurrence was not observed in any patients during the follow-up period. V95% for PTV showed no significant difference between IMRT and LAFT plans, while V100% was significantly higher in the IMRT plan (95.5% vs. 94.6%, p = 0.005). The homogeneity index (11.6%) and conformity index (1.4) in the IMRT plan were significantly better than those in the LAFT plans (8.5% and 5.1, respectively) (p = 0.005). The median V5Gy (90.0%), V25Gy (13.5%), and V50Gy (0%) for carotid artery PRV in the IMRT plan were significantly lower than those in the LAFT plan (99.1%, 89.0%, and 77.3%, respectively) (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Our study suggests that carotid sparing IMRT can significantly decrease the dose to carotid arteries compared to LAFT, and it would be considered for early glottic cancer patient with high risk of atherosclerosis.

법정에서의 영어(9) - 특히 한미(韓美) 행협사건(行協事件) 재판을 중심으로 -

최훈식 한국사법행정학회 1972 사법행정 Vol.13 No.8

Synergistic Tumoricidal Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Radiotherapy on Human Breast Cancer Cells Via HMGB1

최훈식,김진현,장시정,윤정원,강기문,정호진,하인봉,정배권 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.3

Purpose Radiotherapy (RT) is one of main strategies of cancer treatment. However, some cancer cells are resistant to radiation-induced cell death, including apoptosis. Therefore, alternative approaches targeting different anti-tumor mechanisms such as cell senescence are required. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on radiation-induced cell death and senescence in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods The cells were divided into four groups depending on the cell treatment (control, ALA, RT, and ALA+RT). Cells were analyzed for morphology, apoptotic cell death, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, membrane potential, cellular senescence, and cell cycle. Results Our data showed that ALA significantly promoted apoptotic cell death when combined with RT, as reflected by Annexin V staining, expression of apoptosis-related factors, mitochondrial damages as well as cell morphological changes and reduction of cell numbers. In addition, ALA significantly enhanced radiation-induced cellular senescence, which was shown by increased HMGB1 expression in the cytosol fraction compared to the control, increased p53 expression compared to the control, activation of p38 as well as nuclear factor кB, and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Conclusion The current study is the first report showing a new mode of action (senescence induction) of ALA beyond apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells known to be resistant to RT.

산림환경에 따른 걷기 활동이 심박수, 심박변이도 및 기분상태에 미치는 영향

최훈식,최종인,민준원,김병관,손재헌,김기홍 한국스포츠학회 2022 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.20 No.3

이 연구는 20대 남성 7명을 대상으로 안정시와 야외 운동장(평지) 조건, 375m 고도의 산림환경, 1100m 고도의 산림환경에서 걷기 프로그램을 진행하였을 때 나타나는 생리학적 요인(안정시 심박수, 심박변이도, 산소포화도)과 심리적 요인(POMS-B, TMD, SD)의 차이를 Repeated Measurement one-way ANOVA 방법으로 분석하였으며 유의한 차이가 있을 경우 bonferroni 방법을 이용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 심박수는 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 375m 고도, 평지, 1100m 조건, 안정 시 순으로 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 심박변이도는 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 시간 측정영역의 RMSSD, LN 은 1100m 고도의 걷기가 375m 고도의 산림걷기 보다 높게 나타났으며, SNDD는 평지가 안정시보다 높게 나타났고, Mean R-R 간격의 경우 375m 고도가 모든 조건보다 가장 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, POMS-B 점수는 긴장, 우울, 분노, 피로 혼돈 영역에서 1100m 고도가 안정시 보다 낮았고, 활력 징후에서는 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 기분장애총점(TMD)은 375m 고도와 1100m 고도가 안정시 보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 의미이분법척도 점수는 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 불편한-편안한 느낌은 안정시보다 모든 조건이 높았으며, 평지에 비해 1100m 고도에서 높았다. 각성한-이완한 느낌은 안정시보다 평지, 1100m 고도가 높게 나타났으며, 375m 고도보다 1100m 고도가 높게 나타났다. 인위적인-자연스러운 느낌은 1100m 고도가 평지보다 높았고, 흥분한-차분한 느낌에서는 1100m 고도가 안정시, 평지보다 높게 나타났다.