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최영락,김정태,김정은,정혜원,최강현,이기만,안진영 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.5
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has emerged as a severe infection in patients with immunocompromised hosts. However, recently, several IPA cases, without an apparent predisposition to immunodeficiency, has been reported. A 72-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of general weakness and poor oral intake. She reported no medical history, except for intraarticular injection of a corticosteroid for joint pain for the duration of two months. A chest radiography revealed multiple cavitary nodules in both lungs. Examination of specimens, obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy, led to a diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Brain magnetic resonance imagining revealed numerous peripheral thin enhancing cystic nodules in both cerebral hemispheres. We initiated intravenous administration of amphotercin B. However, the patient died after nine days. Here, we report an invasive aspergillosis case, which involves the lungs and brain after a short period of steroid injection.
최영락,한혜숙,안진영,김미경,최강현,이기형,김시욱,이기만 대한내과학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.28 No.6
Background/Aims: Real-time, convex probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is used for the staging of malignant mediastinal lymph nodes. We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy and safety of EBUS-TBNA when used as an initial diagnostic tool. Methods: We retrospectively studied 56 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA as an initial diagnostic tool between August 2010 and December 2011. Procedure purpose were classified into four categories: 1) intrathoracic masses adjacent to the central airway; 2) enlarged lymph nodes for concurrent diagnosis and staging in suspected malignancy; 3) enlarged lymph nodes in suspected malignancy cases with inability to perform percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB); and 4) solely mediastinal masses/lymph nodes in lieu of mediastinoscopy. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA regardless of procedure purpose was calculated to be 83.9%. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of malignant disease was significantly higher than benign disease (93.9% vs. 70.6%, p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for each disease is as follows: tuberculosis,50%; sarcoidosis, 60%; aspergillosis, 100%; lung abscess, 100%; lung cancer,93%; and lymphoma, 100%. There were minor complications in seven patients during the EBUS-TBNA procedure. The complications included mild hypoxia and bleeding. Conclusions: In conclusion, EBUS-TBNA is a useful initial diagnostic tool for both benign and malignant diseases. EBUS-TBAN is also a very safe procedure and less invasive compared to mediastinoscopy or PCNB.
테트라메틸실란의 플라즈마 중합에 의한 폴리에스테르 직물의 농색화 가공
최영락,이기풍 한국섬유공학회 1994 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.31 No.6
We investigated the effect of the thin film by plasma polymerization on color depth of polyester(PET) fabric. We obtained the plasma polymerized tetramethylsilane(PP-TMS) on the fabric by the 13.56MHz RF glow-discharge method using tetramethylsilane(TMS) monomer, This monomer shows lower refractive index(n,: 1.3585)than that of polyester fabric(nv= 1.725). The chemical structure and the optical characteristic of PP-TMS have been studied with a control of discharge power W and feed-in rate of monomer Fm. From IR spectra, we observed that Si-H and Si-CHa-Si bonds were newly generated in PP-TMS, and the relative absorbance ratio of Si-CH2-Si (1045cm-1) onto CHI(1255cm-1) was gradually increased with the value of composite energy W/Fm. PP-TMS showed high hydrophobicity, and surface energy(32~36dyne/cm2) was increased with W/Fm value. We could know that the reflectance(%) and L value of the PET fabric plasma polymerized with TMS were lower than those of untreated PET fabric. From those results, PP-TMS coatings were effective on the color depth of PET fabric and these phenomena could be explained by optical theories relating to surface reflection.
열유실층이 있는 오일샌드 유전에서 질소주입을 통한 SAGD 기법의 효율 개선
최영락,정승필,유재훈 한국자원공학회 2013 한국자원공학회지 Vol.50 No.2
Thief zone is defined as top gas or water formations in a bitumen reservoir. It can cause a significant heat loss and result in the less production efficiency during SAGD process by obstructing growth of heated chamber. Furthermore, it can reduce recovery factor due to melted bitumen flow to thief zones. This paper suggests a SAGD with N2 injection for more efficient method rather than conventional LP-SAGD method in oil sand reservoir with thief zones. Injected gas enables a steam chamber not to be communicated with thief zones. This study analyzes production performance of the SAGD with N2 injection method comparing to conventional LP-SAGD method by reservoir simulations. It improved oil productions compared to the conventional LP-SAGD by increasing cumulative oil production and decreasing cSOR. In conclusions, the suggested method shows a commercial potential to develop an oil sand reservoir. 열유실층은 비튜멘층 상부에 존재하는 가스층 또는 대수층을 말한다. 열유실층은 SAGD 공법에서 주입한 증기의 유출통로로 작용하여 스팀챔버의 효과적인 형성을 방해하고 경제성을 악화시킨다. 뿐만 아니라 증기에 의해 녹은 비튜멘이 열유실층을 따라 흘러나감으로써 회수율을 감소시키기도 한다. 이 연구에서는 열유실층이 있는 오일샌드 유전에서 기존 SAGD 공법의 효율을 향상시키기 위해 질소를 주입하여 열유실층을 차단하는 질소주입 SAGD 공법을 제시하였다. 이 공법의 생산성을 평가하기 위하여 전산시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 기존의 LP-SAGD 결과와 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 질소주입 SAGD 공법은 LP-SAGD에 비해 누적 오일생산량을 증가시켰으며, 누적 증기오일비는 감소시켰다. 이를 통해 기존의 공법으로 상업적 생산이 불가능한 열유실층을 포함한 오일샌드 유전에서 질소주입 SAGD 공법의 가능성을 확인하였다.
블랙박스 암호모듈에 적용 가능한 CRYSTALS-Kyber의 은닉채널 공격과 IP카메라의 잠재적 보안 위협
최영락,염용진,강주성 한국통신학회 2023 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.48 No.6
은닉채널은 미국과 소련의 전략무기제한협정 과정에서 처음 등장한 개념으로 특정 개체가 은밀하게 정보를 취득할 가능성이 있는 암호시스템을 일컫는다. Young과 Yung은 현대 암호시스템에 적용 가능한 은닉채널의 일종인SETUP(Secretly Embedded Trapdoor with Universal Protection) 개념을 창시하였다. SETUP은 공격자가 암호시스템을 변형하여 백도어를 삽입하는 메커니즘으로 실용적 관점에서 충분히 위협적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 미국 NIST가 주관한 양자내성암호 표준화 공모전에서 최종 승자로 선정된 CRYSTALS-Kyber의 초기모델에 SETUP이 형성될 수 있음을 보인다. 공격자의 배타적 공격능력을 향상시키기 위하여 X25519 키 교환 프로토콜을 사용하여 CRYSTALS-Kyber의 SETUP을 형성한다. 다음으로 SETUP에 의해 생성된 CRYSTALS-Kyber 알고리즘이 IP카메라와 스마트폰의 암호통신에 사용될 경우에 공격자가 사용자의 개인키를 추출해 낼 수 있음을입증한다. 마지막으로 이러한 SETUP을 방지하기 위한 대응책을 알고리즘 설계 관점과 보안 정책적 측면으로 분류하여 제시한다.