중국의 "해외투자정책" 추진전략에 관한 연구 : 대한국 투자동향과 시사점을 중심으로

진병진 ( Byung Jin Jin ) 조선대학교 사회과학연구원 2008 서석사회과학논총 Vol.1 No.1

최근 정부는 외국인투자환경의 획기적 개선과 전방위 투자유치 활동을 전개하기로 결정하였다. 이는 외자의 도입을 통해 경제구조의 개선과 활성화를 달성하겠다는 정책목표에 의해 추진되는 것으로서 외자유치의 필요성이 증대되고 있고, 유치활동 또한 능동적으로 전환되고 있다는 점에서 우리는 최근 적극적인 `해외투자정책`을 추진하고 있는 중국을 주목할 필요가 있다. 그간 중국의 한국에 대한 투자가 도소매·음식료업 등 서비스업 위주의 소규모 투자가 주를 이룸으로써 우리 경제에 특별한 기회요인을 제공해 주지 못해 왔던 것이 사실이다. 하지만 최근 중국의 해외투자경향이 선진기술도입, 해외시장개척, 자원개발 등을 목표로 하고 있으며, 이전과는 달리 대형화되고 있고 투자방식 또한 소극적 방식에서 벗어나 M&A를 통한 해외진출, 해외법인설립 등으로 적극성을 띄고 있다는 점은 우리가 중국 자본을 활용하여 우리의 정책목표를 달성할 수 있는 가능성을 제공해 준다고 볼 수 있다. Recently the government determined to drive the epoch-making improvement of foreign investment environment and the activities for omnidirectional investment inducement, which is driven by the goal of policy that the improvement and the activation of economic structure will be achieved through the inducement of foreign investments. Seeing at the viewpoint that the necessity of the inducement of foreign investments is increased and also the activities for inducement are activated, we have the necessity to pay attention to China which recently promotes the positive `foreign investment policy`. It is true that Chinese investments in Korea have not given the special opportunity factor to our economy due that the small-scaled investments were oriented to service industries like wholesale and retail industry and food and beverage industry, etc. However, the point that the recent tendency of foreign investments by China aims to the inducement of advanced technologies, the findings of foreign markets and the development of resources, etc and becomes bigger in contrast to the earlier and also investment method is changed into the positive method like the overseas expansion and the establishment of overseas corporation, etc through M&A as getting out of the passive method seems to give the possibility that we could achieve our goal of policy as utilizing Chinese capitals. Accordingly, this thesis reviews the process and the tendency of changes in Chinese foreign investment policy and the tendency of Chinese investment to Korea and searches the methods for the enlargement of capital inflows.

FTA 지원사업의 효율적 운영방안에 관한 연구

진병진(Byung-Jin JIN) 한국관세학회 2021 관세학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Korea as a country with the highest level of dependence on foreign trade in the world aims to secure competitiveness in global trade market through the creation of a favorable trading environment in the face of a lack of natural resources. To this end, FTA has been promoted as a pan-national strategy considering the special circumstances of Korea in which it is necessary to create national wealth through opening a country to foreign intercourse and competition. Korea has achieved considerable results by establishing and operating active and diverse support system on small and medium-sized enterprises as consulting, training professionals, funding, financing, exhibition, and counseling unlike how FTA selected countries as U.S. and EU are providing passive supports to compensate for damage caused by the short-term market opening and to create a foundation for active utilization of the economic territory secured by the conclusion of FTA. However, it is pointed out that operational efficiency is being reduced by duplicate contents and target for support or by applying supplier-centered system rather than the needs of consumers as various government departments and related agencies have designed and operated support projects competitively based on the need to support businesses. To this end, this study investigated the current status and process of change of support projects that have been conducted for 4 years from 2017 to 2020 based on the Integrated Announcement of FTA Support Project that the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy collects and announces FTA-related support system, and identified details of various support projects, redundancy of support targets, problems with the support projects. and suggested measures to improve these problems.

FTA 교차누적의 경제적 효과에 관한 연구

진병진(Byung-Jin Jin),임병호(Byeong-ho Lim),유정호(Jeong-ho Yoo) 한국관세학회 2016 관세학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the introduction of cross-cumulation leads to a substantial economic effect by analyzing the cross-cumulation applied to improve the effectiveness of the FTA. For this purpose, we analyzed the economic effect of cross-cumulation, which was concluded by Canada utilizing the PPML gravity model, based on the trade statistics of Canada. In particular, for the purpose of analysis, trade goods are classified into processed goods (finished products) and basic materials(intermediate goods), we tested how the intra-FTA trade flow appears in processed goods, and how the effect of increasing imports of intermediate goods from the FTA partner countries that are common to both countries appears in basic material, in the form of trade creation and diversion. As a result, it can be concluded that the introduction of cross-cumulation in Canadas basic textile material has effects of trade creation, but negative effects of trade diversion is more pronounced, which offset the effect of trade creation. This result alone, however, can not be assured that cross-cumulation does not positively affect the effectiveness of FTA. The reason is that Canadas cross-cumulation period is short, and the global financial crisis in 2008 has changed the world trade system. In terms of the spaghetti bowl effects due to complexity and differentiation between FTA agreements, resulting from fifteen FTAs with fifty-two countries including the Korea-Canada FTA in effect, and utilizing the global value chain in production stage, it is time to discuss about introducing cross-cumulation in Korea.

불인정공정을 중심으로 한 원산지규정의 간소화 방안

진병진(Byung-Jin Jin) 한국관세학회 2016 관세학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The increase of number of FTA agreement could not help making with the types and contents different from each agreement on characteristics of rules of origin that it needed to reflect the trade characteristics between the treaty powers and administrative practice by country. As a result, Spaghetti bowl effect is produced inevitably in process of utilizing FTA. Such complexity in the FTA agreement could be worked as constraint factors of intrinsic achievement of goal for the conclusion of FTA like trade activation through the mitigation of tariff and non-tariff barrier between the contracting parties, by impeding the applicability of agreement and by making it as factors to weaken the enterprises will to utilize FTA. Accordingly, this study was to execute as an object of 9 agreements except 5 agreements (Korea-Australia, Korea-Canada, Korea-New Zealand, Korea-Vietnam, and Korea-China) with the short effective duration among 14 agreements which went into effect at the end of December, 2015 and 10 agreements including Korea-Colombia FTA which has lapsed a considerable period of agreement. This study was to analyze the characteristics and regulation of type by agreement of non-qualifying operation as common element among the contents of rules of origin by individual agreements, and to suggest a method of simplification. To achieve this, this study was to divide the non-qualifying operation regulated by individual agreement into 8 types like packaging, etc. and to take a look at the details of suggestion of qualifying operation by individual agreement for the relevant type and necessity of introducing the regulation. In addition, this study was to suggest the regulatory problems which 10 agreements as analysis object had in common, and to suggest it by dividing the method of simplification into 3 categories.

FTA 이행규정 불일치 사례 연구 : 사전심사제도를 중심으로

진병진(Byung-Jin JIN),박성호(Seong-Ho Park) 한국관세학회 2021 관세학회지 Vol.22 No.4

As compared to the Americas and Europe, where the history of economic integration reaches half a century, South Korea, in less than 20 years, has secured 57 economies through the entry into force of 17 FTAs, and, in 2022, the RCEP, the worlds largest Mega FTA, is expected to take effect, making it a great FTA-Hub country. In this process, the policy authorities have conducted various FTA support projects to ensure the smooth utilization of the FTA economic system, and as a result, many of the leveraged entities have successfully entered the FTA market. However, many companies are still complaining of difficulties in using the FTA, which means that obstacles that occur outside of the policy authorities direct support system are causing companies to struggle to use it. In spite of the direct support of the FTA utilization process that the policy authorities are focusing on, this paper wanted to look at the differences and complexity between FTA implementation regulations as a result of companies complaining of difficulties. To this end, we compared and analyzed the domestic laws and advance rulings system that are applied in most agreements to see if there are any differences between FTA implementation rules, and, as a result, we found differences in screening requirements, screening periods, and expiration periods. In the operating system of korea’s FTA implementation regulations, where these differences are applied in order of FTA Agreement, FTA Customs Special Law, and Customs Act, if the sub-regulation operates in a relaxed form than the parent rule, there is no major problem, but we pointed out that if it operates strictly or is other than the higher regulations, it may cause disputes with contracting countries, as well as companies that are parties to the FTA, which may cause good faith damage and suggest the need for improvement.

한,중 FTA의 실현 가능성에 관한 연구 -필요성과 논의동향을 중심으로-

진병진 ( Byung Jin Jin ) 조선대학교 동북아연구소(구 통일문제연구소) 2009 동북아연구 Vol.24 No.1

1992년 수교 이후 17년이 지나오는 동안 한·중 양국은 경제의 상호 보완성 증대와 지리적 인접성, 역사적 연관성 등에 기인하여 교역·투자 등의 경제교류 분야에서 급증세가 이어져 오고 있으며, 인적교류 또한 아울러 증대되어 오고 있다. 이로 인해 양국은 이미 시장논리만을 기준으로 판단할 경우 초보적 수준의 실질적 경제통합 단계에 접어들고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 여기에 더해 최근 수년간 양국 정부는 FTA라는 제도적 장치를 추가하여 양국의 경제통합을 제도화할 것인가라는 논의를 진행하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 2008년 6월 산·관·학 공동연구 제5차 회의가 개최된 이후 별다른 진전을 보이고 있지는 않지만, 산·관·학 공동연구 자체가 거의 마무리 단계에 접어들고 있고 금명간 동 연구결과가 도출 되는대로 본격적인 논의가 재개될 것으로 예상되는 중국과의 FTA에 대해 그 실현가능성을 필요성과 논의동향을 중심으로 고찰해 보았다. After the diplomatic tie in 1992, economic exchange between China and Korea had been on a rapid rise originating from mutual supplementation of economy and geographical adjacency. As a result, both countries can be seen as already entering into economic unification stage based on market logics. In addition, the governments of both countries are recently making a progress on the discussion on whether or not they are going to promote economic unification of two countries through policies by adding an institutional device called FTA. Accordingly, this study analyzed the possibility of FTA realization between China and Korea, for which official negotiations between governments are expected to begin soon as joint research on industry, government and academics reaches its end, focusing on the necessity and trend of discussion. Such analysis was based on the recognition that basic requirements of successful FTA begin from selection of target nation for agreement, and the government must not only take into consideration economic benefits but also diplomatic security benefits and international political interest relations when selecting the target nation for FTA. Based on this concept, this study analyzed the possibility of FTA between China and Korea with the basis on general conclusion requisites and purposes of FTA and specificity of the relationship between two countries.

한-중 양국 통상정책 변화과정 비교 연구

진병진(정보원) ( Byung Jin Jin ) 대한정치학회 2016 大韓政治學會報 Vol.24 No.2

통상정책은 국가가 국내외의 이해 조정을 거쳐 통상과 관련된 특정목적 달성을 목표로 추진하는 정부의 활동으로, 결정과정에서 개별 국가의 정치ㆍ경제ㆍ외교적 상황 등다양한 요소들이 고려되어야 하는 복잡한 의사결정과정을 거친다. 따라서 국가마다 시 대의 흐름에 따른 통상정책의 변화과정은 시행된 정책 단위별로 형태적 유사성을 보일 수는 있으나 특정 정책의 실시 시기나 규모, 결정과정 및 운영형태에 있어서는 다 양한 차이점과 차별성을 보인다. 이에 본고에서는 지리적 인접성ㆍ문화적 유사성ㆍ역사적 연결성을 바탕으로 밀접한경제적 상호관계를 형성하고 있는 한국과 중국 양국의 통상정책 변화과정에서 확인되는 공통점과 차이점을 통상정책의 급변기를 기준으로 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 양국의 통상정책은 양국이 본질적으로 정치이념과 경제체제에 차이를 지니고 있음에도 개별정책의 시행시기에 시차가 존재할 뿐 정책의 성격에 있어서는 그 변화과정이 공통적으로 ‘국가주도→자유화→선진화’의 과정으로 변화해 왔고 2000년대 이후에는 FTA확대를 통상정책의 주요 수단으로 활용하고 있음을 확인하였다. Commercial policy is government activity by nation to achieve specific purpose related to the commerce through the interest coordination both at home and abroad. It requires the complicated decision-making process, considering various factors like political- economic-diplomatic situation from decision-making process in individual countries. Accordingly, the changing process of commercial policy by time period by individual countries can show morphological similarity by enforcement policy unit, but it is common to have various differences and discrimination in the timing and scale of implementing the specific policy, decision-making process, and operation type. Based on the geographic proximity-cultural similarity-historical connectivity, this study was to compare with the similarities and differences to be confirmed in the changing process of commercial policy between Korea and China forming the close economic interaction as the basis for the rapidly changing period on commercial policy. As a result, the commercial policy in two countries had differences in the enforcement period of individual policy despite the political ideology and economic system. However, this study has found out that the characteristic of policy has changed through the process of ‘state-run→ liberalization → advancement’.

한-중 FTA의 필요성과 추진정책 제언

진병진(Byung Jin Jin) 한국동북아학회 2008 한국동북아논총 Vol.13 No.3

한,중 FTA의 실현 가능성에 관한 연구 -필요성과 논의동향을 중심으로-

진병진 ( Byung Jin Jin ) 朝鮮大學校 統一問題硏究所 2009 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.24 No.1

After the diplomatic tie in 1992, economic exchange between China and Korea had been on a rapid rise originating from mutual supplementation of economy and geographical adjacency. As a result, both countries can be seen as already entering into economic unification stage based on market logics. In addition, the governments of both countries are recently making a progress on the discussion on whether or not they are going to promote economic unification of two countries through policies by adding an institutional device called FTA. Accordingly, this study analyzed the possibility of FTA realization between China and Korea, for which official negotiations between governments are expected to begin soon as joint research on industry, government and academics reaches its end, focusing on the necessity and trend of discussion. Such analysis was based on the recognition that basic requirements of successful FTA begin from selection of target nation for agreement, and the government must not only take into consideration economic benefits but also diplomatic security benefits and international political interest relations when selecting the target nation for FTA. Based on this concept, this study analyzed the possibility of FTA between China and Korea with the basis on general conclusion requisites and purposes of FTA and specificity of the relationship between two countries. 1992년 수교 이후 17년이 지나오는 동안 한·중 양국은 경제의 상호 보완성 증대와 지리적 인접성, 역사적 연관성 등에 기인하여 교역·투자 등의 경제교류 분야에서 급증세가 이어져 오고 있으며, 인적교류 또한 아울러 증대되어 오고 있다. 이로 인해 양국은 이미 시장논리만을 기준으로 판단할 경우 초보적 수준의 실질적 경제통합 단계에 접어들고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 여기에 더해 최근 수년간 양국 정부는 FTA라는 제도적 장치를 추가하여 양국의 경제통합을 제도화할 것인가라는 논의를 진행하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 2008년 6월 산·관·학 공동연구 제5차 회의가 개최된 이후 별다른 진전을 보이고 있지는 않지만, 산·관·학 공동연구 자체가 거의 마무리 단계에 접어들고 있고 금명간 동 연구결과가 도출 되는대로 본격적인 논의가 재개될 것으로 예상되는 중국과의 FTA에 대해 그 실현가능성을 필요성과 논의동향을 중심으로 고찰해 보았다.

FTA 원산지정보 관리체계 개선방안에 관한 연구

진병진 ( Byung-jin Jin ) 한국통상정보학회 2016 통상정보연구 Vol.18 No.2

한-칠레 FTA발효 이후 10년 이상의 기간이 경과하였음에도 아직까지 국내거래단계에서의 원산지정보 유통과 관리는 FTA활용 이익의 수출자 편향성과 발급유인 부족 등의 원인으로 원활하게 이루어지지 않고 있다. 또한 발급ㆍ유통되고 있는 원산지증빙서류의 경우에도 정확성이 담보되지 않아 최종 수출자가 발급하는 원산지증명서에 오류를 유발할 수 있는 등 다양한 문제를 내포하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 원산지(포괄)확인서의 발급과 유통을 장려할 수 있는 방안과 유통되는 국내거래단계 원산지정보의 정확성과 신뢰도를 제고하기 위한 방안을 찾아보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 우리 기업들의 원활한 FTA활용 지원을 위해 국내적 영역에서의 원산지(포괄)확인서의 유통 활성화와 오류 방지를 위한 제도적 보완책과 최종 수출자의 의도하지 않은 원산지증명서 오류로 인한 손실방지책의 도입방안을 제시하였다. There has not been enough distribution of documentary evidence of origin at the stage of domestic transaction yet due to the exporter bias of interest in utilizing FTA and shortage of attracting their issues, etc. although about more ten years has passed since Korea-Chile FTA was running. Furthermore, in case of issued and distributed documentary evidence of origin, the accuracy was doubt, so it contains various problems like errors in the certificate of origin issued by the final exporter. Accordingly, this study was to find out the limitations of ``declaration of origin third party confirmation system`` operated in order to solve problems of lacking the management ability of origin place of the domestic supplier and improve the accuracy of certificate of origin (comprehensive), and to investigate a method of improvement. To achieve this, this study was to suggest the institutional complementary plans for distribution activation and error prevention on the declaration of origin and introduction plan of loss prevention plan due to the errors in the certificate of origin that the final exporter did not intend in the domestic areas in order to support the use of FTA smoothly for our enterprises.