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조영동,조병구,이순희,강영희,Cho, Young-Dong,Cho, Byung-Goo,Lee, Sun-Hi,Kang, Young-Hee 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.2
1. Maize seedlings에서 c-AMP의 존재가 확인되었고, 그 양은 4일까지 점차 감소하였다. 2. 외부에서 넣어준 c-AMP에 의해 isocitrate lyase의 유도가 촉진됨을 알 수 있었고, endosperm의 c-AMP도 같은 역할을 예상할 수 있다. 3. Maize seedlings의 endosperm의 단백질과 지질은 3일째까지 급격히 분해되었고, 그 후에는 서서히 분해되었다. 4. Embryo의 단백질양은 3일째까지 감소하다가 그 후에는 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 5. Isocitrate lyase와 lipase활성은 3일째에 최대치에 도달하였고 그 후에는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 6. Lipase활성은 lipid granules의 시간에 따른 변화와 일치하였다. 7. Polyamine합성효소의 활성은 발아후 5일에 최대치를 보였고, 효소 활성은 fresh weight와 단백질 양의 증가를 유도한 것 같다. 1) The presence of c-AMP was observed from germination to seedling and the amount of it was continuously decreased until 4th day. 2) Exogenous c-AMP was found to promote the induction of isocitrate lyase suggesting that endogenous could promote the enzyme. 3) The amounts of protein and lipid in endosperm were rapidly decreaced for the first 3 days and then slowly decreased. 4) The amount of protein in embryo was rapidly decreased for the first 3 days and thereafter increased. 5) Activities of isocitrate lyase and lipase increased and reached maximum in 3 days and then decreased. 6) Lipase activity was paralleled with chronoligical changes of lipid granules. 7) The enzyme activity related to polyamine biosynthesis reached maximum in 5th day after germination and its activity seemed to result in increase in fresh weight and protein amount.
생체발생 및 분화기구의 생물학적 연구 Ⅳ - 기관발달에 미치는 몇가지 요인 -
조영동,조병구,이순희,강영희 ( Young Dong,Cho,Byung Goo Cho,Sun Hi Lee,Young Hee Kang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.2
1) The presence of c-AMP was observed from germination to seedling and the amount of it was continuously decreased until 4th day. 2) Exogenous c-AMP was found to promote the induction of isocitrate lyase suggesting that endogenous could promote the enzyme. 3) The amounts of protein and lipid in endosperm were rapidly decreaced for the first 3 days and then slowly decreased. 4) The amount of protein in embryo was rapidly decreased for the first 3 days and thereafter increased. 5) Activities of isocitrate lyase and lipase increased and reached maximum in 3 days and then decreased. 6) Lipase activity was paralleled with chronoligical changes of lipid granules. 7) The enzyme activity related to polyamine biosynthesis reached maximum in 5th day after germination and its activity seemed to result in increase in fresh weight and protein amount.
고려홍삼으로부터 분리한 compound K 함유분획에 의한 대식세포의 toll-like receptor-의존성 신호전달로 활성조절 분석
양철수,고성룡,조병구,이지연,김기혜,신동민,육재민,손현수,김영숙,위재준,도재호,조은경,Yang, Chul-Su,Ko, Sung-Ryong,Cho, Byung-Goo,Lee, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Ki-Hye,Shin, Dong-Min,Yuk, Jae-Min,Sohn, Hyun-Joo,Kim, Young-Sook,Wee, Jae-Joon,Do, Jae-Ho 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.4
본 연구에서는 고려홍삼으로부터 새로 분리한 CK 함유분획을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포에 대한 선천면역반응 조절에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 농도의 CK 함유분획에서는 세포독성 효과가 관찰되지 않았으며 CK함유 분획의 전처리에 의하여 그람음성세균의 LPS, 또는 CpG-ODN에 의해 유도되는 NF-${\kappa}B$와 MAPK 활성 및 전염증성 사이토카인, NO의 분비가 TLR4 및 TLR9 특이적으로 억제되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 CK 함유분획이 TLR4을 매개로하는 염증반응뿐만 아니라 TLR9을 통한 염증반응에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 앞으로 CK 함유 분획에 포함된 개별 사포닌 등 시료 성분에 대한 면밀한 분석, 그리고 이들 개별 물질이 각각의 신호전달 체계에 미치는 영향과 그 기작에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 사료되며 염증억제제로서의 개발 가능성을 탐구하기 위한 생체 내에서의 효능 및 작용기전 분석이 요구된다. Compound K (CK), a protopanaxadiol ginsenoside metabolite, was previously shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we isolated the CK rich fractions (CKRF) from Korean Red Ginseng and investigated the regulation of CKRF-mediated inflammatory signaling during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cellular activation. Among various TLR ligands, CKRF considerably abrogated TLR4- or TLR9-induced inflammatory signaling. Both LPS and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulation rapidly activates mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38], NF-${\kappa}B$, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Of interest, pre-treatment of CKRF in either LPS/TLR4- or CpG-ODN/TLR9-stimulated macrophages substantially attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expressions, as well as MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the inhibitory roles for CKRF in TLR4- or TLR9-associated signaling in BMDMs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CKRF specifically modulates distinct TLR4 and TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses, and further studies are urgently needed for their in vivo roles for potential therapeutic uses, such as in systemic inflammatory syndromes.
강광에 의한 인삼 잎의 엽록체 미세구조 및 틸라코이드 막 (膜) 단백질의 변화
안정숙(Joung Sook Ahn),조병구(Byung Goo Cho),박훈(Hoon Park),김우갑(Woo Kap Kim) 한국식물학회 1994 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.37 No.3
Ultrastructural changes in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer mesophyll chloroplasts and variation of thylakoid membrane proteins in responce to the light intensity were studied in leaves of two-y-old plants exposed to two different light intensities under conditions. The leaves were allowed to function for three months after emergence under two contrasting light conditions. The ginseng chloroplasts of 5% light were filled with highly stacked grana of condensely arrayed thylakoids, so that the stroma space was hardly observed. In contrast, chloroplasts from leaves at 100% sunlight had fewer thylakoid membranes and smaller grana stacks. The number of osmiophilic globules increased. Total Chl content and Chl b content were lower at 100% sunlight than 5% sunlight. The thylakoid membrane proteins in the leaves grown at 100% sunlight showed lower CPIa, LHCⅡ^* and CP29 than those with 5% sunlight. This effect was most obvious for LHCⅡ^*. Polypeptides showed major bands at 90, 64, 29-30, 22 and 14 kD, and minor bands at 59, 58, 54, 52, 49, 46, 44, 35, 23, 21 and 18-19 kD. All these bands were lower in intensity in the leaves exposed to 100% sunliht. Moreover, the bands at 58-59, 46-47 and 23 kD disappeared.
고려홍삼으로부터 분리한 compound K 함유분획에 의한 대식세포의 toll-like receptor-의존성 신호전달경로 활성조절 분석
양철수(Chul-Su Yang),고성룡(Sung-Ryong Ko),조병구(Byung-Goo Cho),이지연(Ji-Yeon Lee),김기혜(Ki-Hye Kim),신동민(Dong-Min Shin),육재민(Jae-Min Yuk),손현주(Hyun-Joo Sohn),김영숙(Young-Sook Kim),위재준(Jae-Joon Wee),도재호(Jae-Ho Do),조은경 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.3
본 연구에서는 고려홍삼으로부터 새로 분리한 CK 함유분획을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포에 대한 선천면역반응 조절에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 농도의 CK 함유분획에서는 세포독성 효과가 관찰되지 않았으며 CK 함유 분획의 전처리에 의하여 그람음성세균의 LPS, 또는 CpGODN에 의해 유도되는 NF-κB와 MAPK 활성 및 전염증성 사이토카인, NO의 분비가 TLR4 및 TLR9 특이적으로 억제되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 CK 함유분획이 TLR4을 매개로하는 염증반응뿐만 아니라 TLR9을 통한 염증반응에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 앞으로 CK 함유 분획에 포함된 개별 사포닌 등 시료 성분에 대한 면밀한 분석, 그리고 이들 개별 물질이 각각의 신호전달 체계에 미치는 영향과 그 기작에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 사료되며 염증 억제제로서의 개발 가능성을 탐구하기 위한 생체 내에서의 효능 및 작용기전 분석이 요구된다. Compound K (CK), a protopanaxadiol ginsenoside metabolite, was previously shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we isolated the CK rich fractions (CKRF) from Korean Red Ginseng and investigated the regulation of CKRF-mediated inflammatory signaling during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cellular activation. Among various TLR ligands, CKRF considerably abrogated TLR4- or TLR9-induced inflammatory signaling. Both LPS and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulation rapidly activates mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½ and p38], NF-κB, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a time- and dosedependent manner. Of interest, pre-treatment of CKRF in either LPS/TLR4- or CpG-ODN/TLR9-stimulated macrophages substantially attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expressions, as well as MAPK and NF-κB activation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the inhibitory roles for CKRF in TLR4- or TLR9- associated signaling in BMDMs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CKRF specifically modulates distinct TLR4- and TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses, and further studies are urgently needed for their in vivo roles for potential therapeutic uses, such as in systemic inflammatory syndromes.
장진규(Jin-Kyu Chang),김천석(Cheon-Sug Kim),노길봉(Kil-Bong Nho),조병구(Byung-Goo Cho) 고려인삼학회 2005 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.29 No.2
This study was to examine the effect of the opening ratio (area of spite hole/total surface area) of plastic container and storage temperature on physicochemical changes of fresh ginseng. At room temperature (19~23℃, RH 40~61%), fungi and spoilage were observed 4 and 10 days, respectively after storing the fresh ginseng in a closed container. In storage container with 1 % opening ratio, fungi appeared 8 days after storage. In the container with 5% and 10% opening ratio, fresh ginseng showed excessive loss of moisture on the surface only after 4 days. The weight loss was most remarkable in the container with 5 and 10% opening ratio. Content of maltose and sucrose decreased gradually in accordance with storage time but the extent of decreasing ratio was less significant in the container with lower opening ratio. At low temperature (4~9℃, RH 72~92%), no fungi but 10% loss of weight was observed in the container with 5% and 10% opening ratio after 12 days storage. But in the tightly closed container and 1% opening ratio for spiling, fresh ginseng showed good appearance even after 30 days of storage. Free sugars, especially maltose revealed gradual decrease but sucrose gradually increase following decrease at the beginning. This result suggests that storage condition of low temperature and opening ratio of plastic box less than 1 % can extend storage span of fresh ginseng significantly.