홍삼의 알콜 농도별 추출 엑스의 수율과 사포닌 함량

고성룡,김석창,최강주,Ko, Sung-Ryong,Kim, Seok-Chang,Choi, Kang-Ju 한국생약학회 1992 생약학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Red ginseng extracts were prepared with various concentrations of ethanol. Extract yields were examined and saponins in the extracts were identified and determined by TLC and HPLC, respectively. Yields of the extracts, $19.7{\sim]50.3%$, were the highest in water extract and showed significant decrease with the increase of ethanol concentration used for extraction. Contrary to the extract yields, saponin yields from red ginseng were conspicuously increased with the increase of ethanol concentration and were $3.47{\sim}5.13%$ of crude saponins and $1.28{\sim}1.93%$ of six major ginsenosides. Saponin contents in the red ginseng extracts were $6.9{\sim}24.2%$, of crude saponin and $2.57{\sim}9.22%$, of six major ginsenosides.

백삼류의 Crude Saponin 및 Ginsenosides함량

고성룡(Sung Ryong Ko),최강주(Kang Ju Choi),김석창(Seok Chang Kim),김만욱(Man Wook Kim) 한국생약학회 1989 생약학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Crude sponin and ginsenosides in commercial white ginsengs such as six kinds of whole ginsengs, five kinds of tail roots and one undergrade raw ginseng were analyzed. The contents of crude saponin and ginsenosides in whole ginsengs were found to be 2.7 to 4.6% and 1.0 to 1.7%, respectively. On the other hand, those of tail roots were 3.3 to 7.2% and 1.3 to 4.4%, respectively. The content ratio of PD to PT saponin in whole ginsengs showed a little variation as 0. 73 to 0. 92, while those of tail roots showed a greater variation in the range of 0.72 to 1.75, indicating that tail roots contain higher content of PD saponin than whole ginsengs did.

고려홍삼으로부터 분리한 compound K 함유분획에 의한 대식세포의 toll-like receptor-의존성 신호전달로 활성조절 분석

양철수,고성룡,조병구,이지연,김기혜,신동민,육재민,손현수,김영숙,위재준,도재호,조은경,Yang, Chul-Su,Ko, Sung-Ryong,Cho, Byung-Goo,Lee, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Ki-Hye,Shin, Dong-Min,Yuk, Jae-Min,Sohn, Hyun-Joo,Kim, Young-Sook,Wee, Jae-Joon,Do, Jae-Ho 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 고려홍삼으로부터 새로 분리한 CK 함유분획을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포에 대한 선천면역반응 조절에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 농도의 CK 함유분획에서는 세포독성 효과가 관찰되지 않았으며 CK함유 분획의 전처리에 의하여 그람음성세균의 LPS, 또는 CpG-ODN에 의해 유도되는 NF-${\kappa}B$와 MAPK 활성 및 전염증성 사이토카인, NO의 분비가 TLR4 및 TLR9 특이적으로 억제되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 CK 함유분획이 TLR4을 매개로하는 염증반응뿐만 아니라 TLR9을 통한 염증반응에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 앞으로 CK 함유 분획에 포함된 개별 사포닌 등 시료 성분에 대한 면밀한 분석, 그리고 이들 개별 물질이 각각의 신호전달 체계에 미치는 영향과 그 기작에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 사료되며 염증억제제로서의 개발 가능성을 탐구하기 위한 생체 내에서의 효능 및 작용기전 분석이 요구된다. Compound K (CK), a protopanaxadiol ginsenoside metabolite, was previously shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we isolated the CK rich fractions (CKRF) from Korean Red Ginseng and investigated the regulation of CKRF-mediated inflammatory signaling during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cellular activation. Among various TLR ligands, CKRF considerably abrogated TLR4- or TLR9-induced inflammatory signaling. Both LPS and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulation rapidly activates mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38], NF-${\kappa}B$, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and interleukin-6 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Of interest, pre-treatment of CKRF in either LPS/TLR4- or CpG-ODN/TLR9-stimulated macrophages substantially attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expressions, as well as MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the inhibitory roles for CKRF in TLR4- or TLR9-associated signaling in BMDMs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CKRF specifically modulates distinct TLR4 and TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses, and further studies are urgently needed for their in vivo roles for potential therapeutic uses, such as in systemic inflammatory syndromes.

목단줄기를 접목시킨 작약근과 목단피의 생태적 특성조사 및 성분분석에 의한 품질 비교

장기운,최강주,고성룡,김현경,Chang, Ki-Woon,Choi, Kang-Ju,Ko, Sung-Ryong,Kim, Hyoun-Kyoung 한국응용생명화학회 2002 한국농화학회지 Vol.45 No.3

약용식물의 생산량을 증가시키고 지상부 꽃은 관상용으로 활용할 수 있는 연구의 일환으로 목단 줄기에 작약 뿌리를 접목시켜 생육생태를 관찰하고 유효지표성분외에 무기성분, 지방산, 유기산등 성분변화 및 향미 관능검사등을 비교한 결과 생육생태를 볼 때 지상부는 목단줄기에 목단꽃이 피었으며 지하부 뿌리는 작약뿌리와 목단뿌리가 혼재하여 생성되었으며, 작약뿌리와 목단뿌리의 혼재비율은 약 3:1정도로 나타났다. paeoniflorin및 paeonol 분석결과 건조시킨 작약근의 함량은 대건물 시료(g)중 9.91 mg/g및 0.80 mg/g,접목 작약근은 11.71 mg/g 및 0.35 mg/g, 목단피는 10.81 mg/g 및 2.84 mg/g, 접목 목단피는11.26 mg/g 및 3.28 mg/g으로 유사한 경향이었다. 무기성분별 10종 함량은 대체로 유사한 경향이었으나 Fe함량은 시료별로 차이가 있었으며 작약근은 86.06 mg/g, 접목 작약근 127.36 mg/g, 목단피 75.05 mg/g, 접목 목단피는 140.63 mg/g으로 함량 차이가 현저하였다. 지방산은 linoleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid 및 oleic acid등이 주성분으로 총 11종을, 유기산은 oxalic acid, citric acid 및 malic acid등이 주성분으로 총 6종을 각각 분석하였으나 함량 조성은 대체로 유사한 경향이었다. 한편, 향미 관능평가 결과 작약근과 접목 작약근은 대체로 유사한 향미 패턴을 나타내었으나, 작약근은 작약근 향미 및 떫은맛이 다소 강하였으며, 목단피와 접목 목단피도 거의 유사한 향미를 나타내었으나, 목단피가 목단피 향미, 쓴 맛, 화한 맛 및 떫은 맛이 다소 강하였다. Graft cultivation of Paeonia and Moutan was attempted to improve the harvest yields of medicinal parts of the plants. When Paeonia root was grafted with Moutan stem, the harvest yields of underground roots showed 35% increase, with Paeonia radix and Moutan cortex ratio of 3 : 1 paeoniflorin and paeonol contents among grafted Paeonia radix (11.71 and 0.35 mg/g, respectively), Paeonia radix (9.91 and 0.80 mg/g, respectively), and Moutan cortex (10.81 and 2.84 mg/g, respectively) were not significantly different. Paeonia radix grafted with Moutan stem was cultivated to investigate the ecological properties and to compare index components, including minerals, fatty acids, and organic acids. The contents of 10 major minerals among the samples were very similar, whereas those of Fe were different, showing 86.06, 127.36, 75.05, and 140.63 mg/g for (Paeonia radix, Paeonia radix grafted, Moutan cortex, and Moutan cortex grafted) contents and GC profiles of 11 fatty acids including linoleic, palmitic, linolenic, and oleic acids and those of 6 organic acids including oxalic, citric, and malic acids were very similar. Results of sensory evaluations were very similar between Paeonia radix and Paeonia radix grafted or Moutan cortex and Moutan cortex grafted showed astringent taste, and stronger sensory intensity of Paeonia radix than Paeonia radix grafted showed bitter taste, and stronger sensory intensity of Moutan cortex than Moutan cortex grafted.

고려홍삼으로부터 분리한 compound K 함유분획에 의한 대식세포의 toll-like receptor-의존성 신호전달경로 활성조절 분석

양철수(Chul-Su Yang),고성룡(Sung-Ryong Ko),조병구(Byung-Goo Cho),이지연(Ji-Yeon Lee),김기혜(Ki-Hye Kim),신동민(Dong-Min Shin),육재민(Jae-Min Yuk),손현주(Hyun-Joo Sohn),김영숙(Young-Sook Kim),위재준(Jae-Joon Wee),도재호(Jae-Ho Do),조은경 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.3

본 연구에서는 고려홍삼으로부터 새로 분리한 CK 함유분획을 이용하여 마우스 대식세포에 대한 선천면역반응 조절에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 농도의 CK 함유분획에서는 세포독성 효과가 관찰되지 않았으며 CK 함유 분획의 전처리에 의하여 그람음성세균의 LPS, 또는 CpGODN에 의해 유도되는 NF-κB와 MAPK 활성 및 전염증성 사이토카인, NO의 분비가 TLR4 및 TLR9 특이적으로 억제되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 CK 함유분획이 TLR4을 매개로하는 염증반응뿐만 아니라 TLR9을 통한 염증반응에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 앞으로 CK 함유 분획에 포함된 개별 사포닌 등 시료 성분에 대한 면밀한 분석, 그리고 이들 개별 물질이 각각의 신호전달 체계에 미치는 영향과 그 기작에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것으로 사료되며 염증 억제제로서의 개발 가능성을 탐구하기 위한 생체 내에서의 효능 및 작용기전 분석이 요구된다. Compound K (CK), a protopanaxadiol ginsenoside metabolite, was previously shown to have immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we isolated the CK rich fractions (CKRF) from Korean Red Ginseng and investigated the regulation of CKRF-mediated inflammatory signaling during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cellular activation. Among various TLR ligands, CKRF considerably abrogated TLR4- or TLR9-induced inflammatory signaling. Both LPS and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulation rapidly activates mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½ and p38], NF-κB, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a time- and dosedependent manner. Of interest, pre-treatment of CKRF in either LPS/TLR4- or CpG-ODN/TLR9-stimulated macrophages substantially attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production and mRNA expressions, as well as MAPK and NF-κB activation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the inhibitory roles for CKRF in TLR4- or TLR9- associated signaling in BMDMs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CKRF specifically modulates distinct TLR4- and TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses, and further studies are urgently needed for their in vivo roles for potential therapeutic uses, such as in systemic inflammatory syndromes.

자호함유 생약제제중 인삼 Sapogenin의 확인 및 Ginsenoside-Rb₁의 분리 정량

최강주(Kang Ju Choi),고성룡(Sung Ryong Ko),전병선(Byeong Seon Jeon),성현순(Hyun Soon Sung) 한국생약학회 1989 생약학회지 Vol.20 No.3

From crude drug preparation(Soshiho-Tang) ginseng sapogenins were identified by TLC and ginsenoside-Rb₁ was determined quantitatively by HPLC. Panaxadiol, pandaxatriol, acid-hydrolysates of ginseng saponin, were identified by TLC with benzene/acetone(4 : 1, v/v). Rf values of which were measured as 0.26 and 0.14, respectively. The content of ginsenoside-Rb₁ was determined by HPLC on Lichrosorb-NH₂ column with CH₃CN/H₂O/n-BuOH(80 : 20 : 10, v/v). Its recovery rate in the extract granules, was as relatively low as 19.8±1.4% compared to the content in raw red ginseng,

자호함유 한방제중 황금 지표성분의 확인 및 Baicalin 정량

최강주(Kang Ju Choi),고성룡(Sung Ryong Ko),양재원(Jae Won Yang) 한국생약학회 1990 생약학회지 Vol.21 No.2

As a part of studies on the quality control of crude drug preparation, So-Shi-Ho-Tang, index components of Scutellariae Radix were identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC. Wogonin and baicalein were identified in ethyl ether fraction on silica gel plate with benzene/ethyl acetate (1 : 1, v/v). The content of baicalin was determined by HPLC on μ-Bondapak C<sub>18<sub> column with 0.5%-phosphoric acid/ acetonitrile (73 : 27, v/v). Its recovery rate in the extract granules, compared to the content in the Scutellariae Radix, was 52.1±0.7%.

제초제 SL-49 의 작용특성에 관한 연구

양환승(Hwan Seung Ryang),고성룡(Sung Ryong Ko) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1984 농업생명과학연구 Vol.15 No.-

인삼 형질전환 조직의 다량배양에 의한 Saponin 고 생산

이정석(Jung Seok Lee),고경민(Kyeong Min Ko),안준철(Jun Cheul Ahn),배동규(Dong Gyu Bai),박기영(Ky Young Park),고성룡(Sung Ryong Ko),황백(Baik Hwang) 한국생물공학회 1994 KSBB Journal Vol.9 No.2

인삼의 년근별, 산지별 무기물의 분포에 관한 연구

전병선(Byeong-Seon Jeon),양재원(Jai-Won Yang),박채규(Chae-Kyu Park),고성룡(Sung-Ryong Ko),掘野俊郞(Toshiro Horino),손종록(Jong-Rok Son),박원종(Won-Jong Park) 한국식품영양과학회 1993 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.22 No.5

인삼의 재배년근별, 국내산지별 및 국가별 무기물의 분포를 조사하기 위하여 시험한 결과 Mn은 2년근에 비하여 5년근에서 4배 가까운 증가추세를 나타내었다. 재배산지별로 볼 때 P은 각 지역별로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편 각국 인삼별로는 중국 전칠삼에서 N의 함량이 적게 나타났으며 P은 한국산 정상흥삼에서 높게 나타났다. Mineral compositions in various ginseng, which was grown in different region, different age, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mn^(++) content in ginseng of five years old was four times higher than that of two years old, suggesting that the amount of Mn^(++) would be increased as they are cultivated. The content of phosphate in the various ginseng did not show much difference, whereas that of Ca^(++), Mn^(++) did. Korean red ginseng revealed much higher in Mn^(++) content than that of others investigated. When the amount of N was compared, San Chi, Chinese ginseng was significantly lowered. Korean red ginseng of 100g contains highest phosphate ion of 328.3㎎.