커튼월 공사의 착공 전 단계에서 공정 리스크 규명 및 대응방안

정태식,김창덕,Jung Tae-Sik,Kim chang-duk 한국건설관리학회 2005 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.6 No.4

건설 프로젝트가 점차 대형화, 전문화, 복잡화되어감에 따라 건설공사에서의 리스크 요인과 불확실성 요인이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 이와 같은 건설 사업 과정에서 발생하는 불확실한 요인을 미리 파악하고, 이에 대처하는 것은 프로젝트 성공을 위해 매우 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전체 공종 중 공기, 공사비, 민원발생 등으로 인해 공사에 크게 영향을 미치며, 후속공정에 미치는 영향이 큰 커튼월 공사를 시공 프로세스 검토를 통한 리스크 인자의 적출을 통해 구체적인 리스크 인자의 구체적인 대응방안을 제시하여 실무에 직접적으로 접근할수 있도록 하였다. 이러한 리스크 인자의 적출은 정량적인 리스크의 분석을 가능하게 하고, 이에 따라 각각의 공종에서 발생하는 리스크 인자들의 우선순위를 결정할 수 있으며 이를 바탕으로 제시한 공정 리스크 관리 도구를 통하여 현장마다 경험과 지식의 정도가 다른 실무자로 하여금 업무를 수행함에 있어서 사전에 리스크를 인지할 수 있으며 리스크가 발생했을 때 신속하게 대응할 수 있고 그러한 리스크를 최소화할 수 있는 업무 지침을 제공하는 역할을 하게 될 것이다. As construction projects have been extremely enormous, complex and special, risk factors have been increased consistently. Therefore, it is very important to identify and cope with the uncertain risk factors in such building constructions for successful project accomplishment. The purpose of this research is to approach practical affairs directly and show detail alternatives of risk factors by extracting the risk factors throughout construction process of curtain wall that is largely influenced on cost, quality, schedule ,safety and following activity. Also, extracting these risk factors make it possible to analyze quantitative risk and decide the priority raking of risk factors. Especially, this research is aimed to provide efficient management of scheduling risk that can make the risk minimize to practical workers who have different degree of knowledge and experience to the construction cite when the risk brings out suddenly.

Tumor Size Is Still a Useful Prognostic Factor for the Therapeutic Plan of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Tae Sik Jung,Hee Kyung Kim,Hyun Won Shin,Jung Hwa Jung,Hye Won Jang,Sun Wook Kim,Man Ki Chung,Jung Han Kim,Jee Soo Kim,Young-Ik Son,정태식 대한갑상선학회 2011 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.4 No.1

Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) was regarded as early-stage carcinoma,but its aggressiveness has been frequently reported. We performed this study to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics of PTMC with those of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) >1 cm. We evaluated the association of clinicopathologic parameters of PTMC with tumor size divided by each millimeter. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 1,139 patients with PTMC and 1,296 patients with PTC >1cm who underwent thyroidectomy from 1995 to 2004 at Samsung Medical Center. The aggressive variants of PTC were excluded in the subjects. Results: Multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion (ETI), lymph node invasion (LNI),and distant metastasis (DM) were significantly less frequent in PTMC than PTC >1 cm (p<0.001). Recurrence and disease-specific mortality rates for PTMC were also significantly lower than those of PTC >1 cm (recurrence 2.9% vs. 8.1%, p<0.001; mortality 0.5 % vs. 1.5%, p<0.05). Tumor size was correlated with the rates of multifocality,ETI, LNI, and DM in all PTC (p<0.01). All patients with DM had the tumor size 0.6 cm in diameter or more. Among PTMC, the rates of LNI, multifocality, and N1b significantly increased when tumor size exceeded 0.3 cm, 0.4cm, and 0.6 cm, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: Recurrence and mortality rates of PTMC were extremely low, although local invasion was detected on the level of subcentimeter. Tumor size was well correlated with the aggressiveness of PTC. We suggest that tumor size is still a useful prognostic factor for the therapeutic plan of PTC.

전자선 에너지 및 조사야에 따른 유효선원 피부 간 거리 변화

양칠용,염하용,정태식,Yang, Chil-Yong,Yum, Ha-Yong,Jung, Tae-Sik 대한방사선종양학회 1987 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.5 No.2

It is known that fixed source to skin distance (SSD) cannot be used when the treatment field is sloped or larger than the size of second collimator in electron beam irradiation and inverse square law using effective ssd should be adopted. Effective SSDs were measured in different field sizes in each 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18MeV electron energy by suing NELAC 1018D linear accelerator of Kosin Medical Center. We found important parmeters of effective SSD. 1. Minimum effective SSD was 58.8cm in small field size of $6\pm6cm$ and maximum effective SSD was 94.9cm in large field size of $25\pm25cm$, with 6MeV energy. It's difference was 36.1cm. The dose rate at measuring point was quite different even with a small difference of SSD in small field $(6\times6cm)$ and low energy (6 MeV). 2. Effective SSD increased with field size in same electron energy. 3. Effective SSDs gradually increased with the electron energies and reached maximum at 12 or 15 MeV electron energy and decreased again at 18MeV electron energy in each identical field size. And so the effective SSD should be measured in each energy and field size for practical radiotherapy.

증례 : 성인기에 Prader-Willi 증후군으로 진단된 제2형 당뇨병 여자

김동욱 ( Dong Wook Kim ),정정화 ( Jung Hwa Jung ),안진숙 ( Jin Sook Ahn ),김현주 ( Hyon Joo Kim ),정태식 ( Tae Sik Jung ),정순일 ( Soon Il Chung ),함종렬 ( Jong Ryeal Hahm ) 대한내과학회 2007 대한내과학회지 Vol.72 No.1S

PCS OTASP를 위한 OTAF 시스템 설계 및 구현

강경진(Kyoung-Jin Kang),유영대(Young-Dae Yu),정태식(Tae-Sik Jung),김윤경(Yun-Kyung Kim) 대한전자공학회 1998 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.4

용적조절호형방사선치료(VMAT)의 다중치료중심(Multi- Isocenter)을 이용한 치료 시, 접합부(Junction)의 선량 변화에 대한 고찰

정동민,박광순,안혁진,최윤원,박별님,권용재,문성공,이종운,정태식,박령황,김세영,김미정,백종걸,조정희,Jung, Dong Min,Park, Kwang Soon,Ahn, Hyuk Jin,Choi, Yoon Won,Park, Byul Nim,Kwon, Yong Jae,Moon, Sung Gong,Lee, Jong Oon,Jeong, Tae Sik,Park, Ry 대한방사선치료학회 2021 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.33 No.-

용적조절호형방사선치료(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy)의 다중치료중심(Multi-Isocenter)을 이용하여 치료 시, 접합부(Junction)의 재현 오차에 따른 선량변화에 대해 고찰하였다. Arccheck Phantom에 임의의 치료부위를 설정하고, 다중치료중심에 대해 치료계획을 수립하였다. 그리고 X(왼쪽), Y(위쪽), Z(안쪽, 바깥쪽) 방향에 대해서 접합부의 오차를 0 ~ 4 mm로 설정 후 선형가속기를 이용하여 방사선을 조사하였고, 이 후 phantom을 통해 얻어진 점 선량(point dose)과 감마인덱스(gamma Index)를 통해 분석하였다. X방향과 Y방향에 대한 오차가 2, 4 mm 발생 했을 때, 감마패스율(점 선량)은 각각 99.3% (2.085), 98% (2.079 Gy) 와 98.5% (2.088), 95.5% (2.093 Gy)로 나타났다. 그리고 Z방향에 대해서 안쪽과 바깥쪽에 대한 오차가 1, 2, 4 mm 발생 했을 때, 감마패스율(점 선량)은 각각 94.8% (2.131), 82.6% (2.164), 72.8% (2.22 Gy) 와 93.4% (2.069), 90.6% (2.047), 79.7% (1.962 Gy) 로 보여졌다. X, Y방향에 대해서 4 mm 까지의 오차 결과는 허용오차 안에 있었으나, Z방향에 대해서는 1 mm 를 초과하는 오차 값에 대해서 허용오차 밖의 결과 값이 도출되었다. 이는 높은 선량 영역(high dose area)과 낮은 선량 영역(low dose area)에 대해 치료부위의 진행방향과 같은 방향의 오차가 선량 분포(dose distribution)가 더 민감하다는 것을 시사한다. 향후 지속적인 연구를 통해 기관차원의 셋 업(set up) 오차에 대한 가이드라인이 정립된다면, 접합부를 이용한 치료에서 양질의 치료를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. This study examined dose change depending on the reposition error of the junction at the time of treatment with multi-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy. This study selected a random treatment region in the Arccheck Phantom and established the treatment plan for multi-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy. Then, after setting the error of the junction at 0 ~ 4 mm in the X (left), Y (upper), and Z (inner and outer) directions, the area was irradiated using a linear accelerator; the point doses and gamma indexes obtained through the Phantom were subsequently analyzed. It was found that when errors of 2 and 4 mm took place in the X and Y directions, the gamma pass rates (point doses) were 99.3% (2.085) and 98% (2.079 Gy) in the former direction and 98.5% (2.088) and 95.5% (2.093 Gy) in the latter direction, respectively. In addition, when errors of 1, 2, and 4 mm occurred in the inner and outer parts of the Z direction, the gamma pass rates (point doses) were found to be 94.8% (2.131), 82.6% (2.164), and 72.8% (2.22 Gy) in the former part and 93.4% (2.069), 90.6% (2.047), and 79.7% (1.962 Gy) in the latter part, respectively. In the X and Y directions, errors up to 4 mm were tolerable; however, in the Z direction, error values exceeding 1 mm were beyond the tolerance level. This suggests that for high and low dose areas, errors in the direction same as the progress direction in the treatment region have a more sensitive dose distribution. If the guidelines for set-up errors are established at the institutional level through continuous research in the future, it will be possible to provide good quality treatment using junctions.

UO₂ 소결체 형상 변경을 통한 chipping에 미치는 기계적 특성 영향 평가

최민영(Min Young Choi),나연수(Yeon soo Na),정태식(Tae Sik Jung),류수필(Su pil Ryu),이승재(Seung Jae Lee) 대한기계학회 2017 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

In pressurized water reactor (PWR), nuclear fuel rod comprises a pile of fuel pellet surrounded by a cladding. Sintered extensively uranium oxide and mixed oxide pellets are used as a nuclear reactor fuel. More advanced fuels are recently required for the more severe operating condition such as higher burn-up and increased fuel cycle. Among the advanced fuel pellet, Missing Pellet Surface (MPS) reduction pellet is considered recently. MPS predominantly extended to the pellet end. The fragment of fuel materials produced by such chipping may become trapped in the gap between the peripheral wall of the pellets and the cladding and increase the mechanical stress on the cladding, which can lead to local cladding failure due to pellet clad mechanical interaction (PCMI). To solve this problem, research is conducted on the modification of the fuel pellet shape such as dish and chamfer. In this study, the changed dish and chamfer of the nuclear fuel pellet are first simulated using Finite Element Method (FEM). From the simulated samples, the mechanical testing is performed to find the lowest percent defective of fuel pellets. Especially, the loadability test is performed to evaluate the chipping reduction performance of stacked fuel pellet behavior in the fuel rod.

원저 및 증례 : 조기에 발견된 횡문근융해를 동반한 전격성 제1형 당뇨병 1예

백종하 ( Jong Ha Baek ),이경주 ( Kyeong Ju Lee ),함종렬 ( Jong Ryeal Hahm ),정정화 ( Jung Hwa Jung ),김수경 ( Soo Kyoung Kim ),정순일 ( Soon Il Chung ),정태식 ( Tae Sik Jung ) 대한당뇨병학회 2010 임상당뇨병 Vol.11 No.1

Fulminant type 1 diabetes is characterized by an abrupt onset, severe diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis and a relatively low HbA1c. Rhabdomyolysis is not uncommonly combined with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma. Rhabdomyolysis increases the development of acute renal failure and mortality of the patients with hyperglycemic diabetic emergency. A 34-year-old man presented with 2-days duration of oliguria, vomiting and lethargy. Formerly, he developed polyuria and flu-like symptoms such as generalized myalgia and headache for 7 days. Initial investigation showed metabolic acidosis (arterial pH 7.093, bicarbonate 5.1 mmol/L), severe hyperglycemia (glucose 1,576 mg/dL), a relatively low HbA1c (7.1%) and acute renal failure (blood urea nitrogen 77 mg/dL and creatinine 4.4 mg/dL). Both serum and 24-hour urine C-peptide levels were checked at very low range and islet autoantibody tests were all negative. Serum creatinine kinase was elevated to 2,397 U/L and urine myoglobin test was positive. The patient recovered from acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis after fluid and insulin therapy. He discharged on admission 17th days and controlled diabetes by self injection of basal and bolus insulin. (Korean Clinical Diabetes J 11:79-85, 2010)

성인 여자에서 발견된 뇌하수체 전엽 무형성증 1예

정태식,함종렬,이강완,정정화,김수희,하종,조활석,정순일 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.2

Dear Author, You have used abbreviations that will need to be defined in the main paper, i.e. PIT1, PROP1 and MRI. This is just for your advice. Pituitary agenesis is an uncommon cause of panhypopituitarism. It has been proposed that breech delivery, or birth trauma, is a major factor causing pituitary agenesis. Recent studies have suggested that genetic defects in the PIT1 or PROP1 gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary agenesis. In this case we report on the diagnosis of a 33-years old female patient with- growth retardation and sexual infantilism. We diagnosed anterior pituitary hormones deficiencies, with the exception of adrenocorticotropic hormone, by a combined pituitary stimulation test. We observed pituitary agenesis using sella MRI. Involvement of the PIT1 or PROP1 genes in this case remains to be determined. Here we report a case of pituitary agenesis found in an adult woman together with a brief review about this disease entity

착공 전 단계에서의 시공자 중심의 공기지연 리스크 분석 및 분류체계에 관한 연구

정태식,김창덕 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate process risk factors on Preconstruction Phase and define the risk breakdown structure that can reduce the happening of risk factors and take precaution to those by choosing and analyzing risk factors which can be controled and be responsible for contractors. Also, we choose the risk factors that should be controled very carefully through analyzing the influence and the happening frequency of risk factors. We will plan that constructions are completed successfully by control these risk factors systematically within the process schedule.