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알칼리 용융 및 수열 합성에 의한 석탄회로부터 제올라이트 A의 합성
정지백,최고열,Jeong, Ji-Baek,Choi, Ko-Yeol 한국응용과학기술학회 2015 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.32 No.2
석탄회를 NaOH로 용융시킨 후 수열 처리에 의하여 제올라이트 A를 합성하였다. NaOH/석탄회의 비, 용융 온도, $NaAlO_2$의 첨가량, 수열 처리 온도 및 시간이 생성된 제올라이트의 종류와 결정도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 결정도가 높은 제올라이트의 생성에 필요한 최적의 NaOH/석탄회의 중량비는 1.2, 최적의 용융 온도는 $550^{\circ}C$이었다. 용융된 석탄회로부터 $Si^{4+}$ 와 $Al^{3+}$의 용출은 교반 시간의 영향을 받지 않았다. 생성된 제올라이트의 형태는 첨가한 $NaAlO_2$의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 적은 양의 $NaAlO_2$를 첨가하면 제올라이트 X가 생성되나 $NaAlO_2$의 양이 증가하면 단일상의 제올라이트 A가 생성되었다. 수열처리 시간과 온도가 증가하면 제올라이트 A는 hydroxysodalite로 변화 하였다. 승온 속도를 낮춰 반응 온도까지의 도달시간을 증가시키면 결정도가 좋은 제올라이트 A를 얻을 수 있었다. Zeolite A was prepared from coal fly ash upon NaOH fusion treatment, followed by hydrothermal treatment. The effects of treatment conditions such as NaOH/ash ratio, fusion temperature, the amount of sodium aluminate added, hydrothermal treatment temperature and time on the type and the crystallinity of zeolites were investigated. The optimal NaOH/ash weight ratio and fusion temperature to produce high crystalline zeolite A were 1.2 and $550^{\circ}C$, respectively. The dissolution of $Si^{4+}$ and $Al^{3+}$ from the fused fly ash was not affected by stirring time. The type of synthetic zeolites was found to be dependent on the amount of sodium aluminate added. The low amount of sodium aluminate favored zeolite X, while a single phase zeolite A was produced by increasing the amount sodium aluminate. Zeolite A was transformed into hydroxysodalite with increasing hydrothermal treatment time and temperature. A high crystalline zeolite A could be obtained by decreasing the temperature increasing time up to the reaction temperature.
1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate으로 제조된 팔라듐 탄소촉매를 이용한 Hexafluoropropylene 수소화 반응
정지백 ( Ji Baek Jeong ),유계상 ( Kye Sang Yoo ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.4
Palladium on carbon powder was prepared using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, one of room temperature ionic liquids. The synthesized particles were tested as a hexafluoropropylene hydrogenation catalyst. Moreover, the hydrogenation was performed under various reaction conditions to develop an optimum reaction process. The catalyst prepared by more than 3 wt% of palladium and the unity mole ratio of ionic liquid to palladium precursor showed higher catalytic activity. For reaction conditions, the complete hexafluoropropylene (HFP) conversion was achieved at these conditions; the volume flow ratio of hydrogen to HFP was higher than 1.25 and GHSVHFP was lower than 50000 mL/g-h.
진보성 판단에서의 통상의 기술자 -최근 특허법원 실무를 중심으로-
정지백 ( Jeong Jibaek ) 한국지식재산연구원 2019 지식재산연구 Vol.14 No.4
통상의 기술자는 해당 기술분야의 평균적 기술수준을 가진 자로서, 기술 분야의 기술상식을 보유하고 있고, 기술분야와 관련된 선행문헌 등에 접근할 수 있으며, 통상적인 창작능력을 발휘할 수 있는 가상의 사람이다. 종전 국내 실무는 통상의 기술자가 보유한 평균적 기술수준이 어느 정도인지에 대하여 명시적으로 판단하기보다는, 심리과정 및 결과에 따른 묵시적 설정을 전제로 결론에 이르러 왔다. 하지만 통상의 기술자의 기술수준은 소송법상 요건사실이므로 법원에서 사실로서 심리되어야 하는 점, 통상의 기술자의 기술수준에 대한 판단은 진보성 판단의 결론에 큰 영향을 미치는 점 등을 고려할 때 통상의 기술자의 기술수준에 대한 사실 확정이 필요하다. 통상의 기술자의 기술수준을 확정하기 위해서 통상의 기술자의 학력 및 실무 경험, 주지관용기술 및 기술상식, 해당 기술분야의 특성, 문제점들을 해결한 선행 기술의 예 및 기술분야의 기본적 과제 등을 참작할 수 있다. 최근 특허법원 소송절차안내는 통상의 기술자의 기술수준을 구체적으로 주장 및 증명하도록 하고 있고, 특허법원 2019. 1. 25. 선고 2017허3720 판결은 통상의 기술자의 기술수준에 대하여 사실 확정을 하였으며, 이후 통상의 기술자의 기술수준을 사실로 확정한 사례들이 늘고 있다. 통상의 기술자의 기술수준에 대한 법원의 사실 확정이 지속되는 경우, 통상의 기술자의 기술수준은 진보성 판단의 중요한 요건으로서 당사자의 공방이 이루어질 것으로 기대되고, 사후적 고찰을 방지하는 장치로서 중요한 기능을 담당할 것으로 예상된다. PHOSITA is a hypothetical person who has ordinary skill in the art, and is aware of what is common general knowledge in the art and has access to everything in the art. In regard to the technical level of a PHOSITA, previous practice has reached a conclusion of the premise of implicit setup rather than finding it as a fact. However, since the technical level of a PHOSITA is a factual element of law and it has such a great influence on the conclusion, review for the technical level of a PHOSITA should be strengthened. Recently, TRIAL PRACTICE of Patent Court of Korea requires that the technical level of a PHOSITA should be asserted and demonstrated. The educational level and practical experience of PHOSITA, well-known technology and common general knowledge, characteristics of the technology, prior art solutions to those problems and basic issues of the technology become factors for founding the technical level of a PHOSITA. In the first case of the international division(2017Heo3720 Decision), Patent Court of Korea has found the technical level of a PHOSITA as a fact, and there have been an increasing number of cases which found the technical level of a PHOSITA as a fact.
정지형(Jeong, Ji Hyeong),반영운(Ban, Yong Un),백종인(Baek, Jong In),최나래(Choi, Na Rae),김유미(Kim, Yu Mi) 한국지역개발학회 2010 한국지역개발학회 세미나 논문집 Vol.2010 No.3
Recently, local governments tend to calculate the amount of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, so that they set up reduction target to respond to climate change. This study has intended to calculated the account of local government s GHG emissions through 2006 IPCC guideline and classify local government in accordance with there GHG emissions characteristics using cluster analysis. This study consisted of following two steps. First, we calculate the account of local government s GHG emissions from such sectors as energy, land-use, and waste. Second, we classified cities as three classes using cluster and factor analysis. This study has found the following results: 1) seventy-three local government s GHG emissions and variations at 2002 to 2007. 2) they are classed as 3 characteristics. First class has too many people and a high density of population. Second class has too many financial institution and vehicle, and Third class has too many living and commerce areas.
정지형,백종인,반영운 한국지역개발학회 2010 한국지역개발학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.6
The purpose of this study is to develop a greenway corridor model specialized pedestrians through green network corridor connectivity indicators. This study consisted of following two steps. First, we extracted green network connectivity indicators through literature review regarded the evaluation of pedestrian environment and green network connectivity. Second, we analyzed a verification and setting weights of evaluation indicators through expert survey method. Then we developed a model to calculate green network corridor score. This study has found the following results. 1) The score 'Parks*green space-waterfront' is higher than movement·traffic score in connection purpose. 2) 'Parks·green space·waterfront' connection indicators represented priority to 'distance of urban parks', 'distance of urban green spaces' and 'scale of urban parks'. 3) 'Movement·traffic' connection indicators represented priority to 'width of pedestrian mall', 'number of car conflict' and 'space syntax integration score'.
군집분석을 이용한 온실가스 배출특성에 따른 도시유형화 : 국내 기초자치단체 73개 시를 중심으로
정지형(Jeong Ji Hyeong),반영운(Ban Yong Un),백종인(Baek Jong In),최나래(Choi Na Rae),김유미(Kim Yu Mi) 한국지역개발학회 2010 한국지역개발학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.11
Recently, local governments tend to calculate the amount of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions, so that they set up reduction target to respond to climate change. This study has intended to calculated the account of local government's GHG emissions through 2006 IPCC guideline and classify local government in accordance with there GHG emissions characteristics using cluster analysis. This study consisted of following two steps. First, we calculate the account of local government's GHG emissions from such sectors as energy, land-use, and waste. Second, we classified cities as three classes using cluster and factor analysis. This study has found the following results: 1) seventy-three local government's GHG emissions and variations at 2002 to 2007. 2) they are classed as 3 characteristics. First class has too many people and a high density of population. Second class has too many financial institution and vehicle, and Third class has too many living and commerce areas.