경찰권 발동의 근거로서 개괄적 수권조항에 관한 검토

백종인(Baek, Jong-In),유종민(Yoo, Jong-Min) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.36 No.-

민주국가에서의 헌법의 중요한 지도목표 중 하나는 인간의 존엄과 가치 그리고 기본권 보호라 할 것이다. 따라서 경찰작용(위험방지작용)은 헌법상 요구되는 국가임무이기에, 경찰의 최우선 책무는 개인의 생명, 신체, 자유 및 재산의 보호이다. 결국 경찰상 위험방지는 국가의 의무이자 민주법치국가에서 포기할 수 없는 기본적 기능이며, 경찰제도는 오늘날 국가의 존립에 있어서 가장 기본적이고 필수적인 국가기능으로서 법과 질서의 유지를 위한 불가결한 제도로 이해되고 있다. 왜냐하면 사회 공공의 안녕과 질서유지가 확보되지 아니하면 국가의 존립이나 국민생활 그 자체가 위험에 처할 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 경찰은 공공의 안녕과 질서에 대한 위험방지를 주된 목적으로 하여야 한다. 경찰은 공공의 안녕과 질서유지를 위한 경찰행정작용은 헌법과 법률에 기초하여 행사되어야한다. 즉, 헌법과 법률은 경찰권 발동의 근거이자 동시에 경찰작용의 한계를 이룬다. 따라서 경찰권 발동에 있어서 그 근거와 한계는 헌법과 법률에 구속된다 할 것이다. 이와 관련하여 오늘날 경찰은 전통적인 경찰개념의 해석을 초월하여 그 역할과 기능이 사회적ㆍ제도적으로 확대되는 추세에 있으므로 경찰활동의 근거가 되는 법률의 정비가 요구되고 있다. 그러나 경찰활동에 대하여 다양한 법률에서 그 근거를 규정하고 있으나 복잡ㆍ다양한 현실을 제도적으로 완전히 뒷받침한다는 것은 한계가 있다. 하지만 경찰활동에 있어서 그 직무가 관계법령을 통하여 명확하게 규정되는 것이 어렵지만 이에 대한 노력을 멈추어서는 안 되는 것이다. 왜냐하면 경찰공무원의 직무가 명확하게 규정되어 있어야 그에 맞는 경찰의 책무를 설명할 수 있을 것이고 그 책무를 위반하는 경우에 그 책임을 논의할 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 위와 같은 문제의식을 바탕으로 경찰권 발동의 근거로서 개괄적 수권조항에 관하여 고찰하고자 한다. 특히 경찰관직무집행법이 경찰작용의 일반적 근거와 국민의 기본권적 자유와 권리를 제한하는 경우의 구체적 요건을 규정하고 있기 때문에 그에관한 논의를 중심으로 하고자 한다. One of the objectives of the constitution in a democratic state is the protection of the dignity, value, and basic rights of human beings. Policing or preventing risks to the citizens’lives and properties is the state’ duty under the constitution, and therefore, the utmost obligation of the police is to protect the individuals’lives, bodies, freedoms, and properties. Preventing risks to the citizens’lives and properties is the state’ duty as well as a basic function that a democratic state cannot give up, and the policing system is the most basic and essential function of the state and the inevitable system for maintaining law and order to fortify the state, for without maintaining the public’ well-being and order, the existence of the state and the nation’ life can be put in danger. Therefore, the police should strive to ensure the public’ well-being and to prevent any risk to peace and order in the society. The police’ administrative function for ensuring the public’ well-being and for maintaining order should be based on and executed according to the constitution and the law. In other words, the constitution and the law are the bases not only of the policing right but also of the policing limitations. Therefore, the base and limitation of exercising the police authorities are under the constitution and the law. Accordingly, policing today tends to expand its role and functions both socially and systematically, surpassing the interpretation of the traditional concept of policing. So organizing the law that is based on police activities is required. While policing is based on various laws, it is difficult to completely and systematically cover the complex and various related realities. This notwithstanding, or while it is difficult to clearly define the duty of policing through the related laws, continuous efforts should be made in this regard because only after the role of the police officers is clearly defined can the corresponding duties of the police be explained, and if the police officers violate such duties, the corresponding responsibilities can be discussed. Therefore, this thesis aims to examine the general authorized provisions as the basis of exercising the police authorities. In particular, it discusses the law on the execution of the police officers’duty, which stipulates the concrete conditions for policing and the cases in which the public’ basic freedoms and rights can be restricted.

한국형 이동식 심폐소생기 개발 보고 I. 실험견을 이용한 개흉식과 폐쇄식 심폐소생술 비교

김형묵,이인성,백만종,선경,김광택,김연수,김맹호,이혜원,이규백,김학제,Kim, Hyoung-Mook,Lee, In-Sung,Baek, Man-Jong,Sun, Kyung,Kim, Kwang-Taik,Kim, Yeon-Soo,Kim, Maeng-Ho,Lee, Hye-Won,Lee, Kyu-Back,Kim, Hark-Jei 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1998 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.31 No.9

배경: 고려대학교 흉부외과학교실에서는 심폐소생술에서 인공심 사용이 기존의 표준 심폐소생술에 비해 나은 결과를 보인다는 점에 착안하여 한국형 이동식 심폐소생기를 개발하고자 하였다. 1997년 1월부터 8월까지 한국형 이동식 심폐소생기 개발의 전단계로 심폐정지 모델 결정 및 표준 폐쇄식/ 개흉식 심폐소생술의 비교와 관찰지표 설정을 위한 준비실험을 실시하였다. 대상 및 방법: 실험은 한국산 잡견 9마리(28-35kg)를 대상으로 폐쇄식 심폐소생술군 4마리와 개흉식 심폐소생술군 5마리로 나누어, 4분 간의 심정지 및 15분간의 일차 심폐소생술(basic life support; BLS)과 30분간의 이차 심폐소생술(advanced life support; ALS)을 실시하였다. 심장압박은 폐쇄식군의 경우 흉부에 압박을 가하였고 개흉식군에서는 직접 심장을 맛사지하였다. 소생술기간에 양군 모두 동일한 조건의 폐환기 상태를 유지하였으며, 자발성 순환회복은 이차심폐소생술 기간 초기부터 재세동과 에피네프린 및 탄산수소 나트륨을 투여하여 유도하였다. 결과: 심폐소생술 기간안에 평균 체동맥압은 BLS 동안 폐쇄식군이 33$\pm$11 mmHg인데 비해 개흉식군은 45$\pm$15 mmHg로 높게 유지되었으며, ALS 동안에도 폐쇄식군 44$\pm$15 mmHg에 비해 개흉식군이 83$\pm$36 mmHg로 높게 유지 되었으나 통계상의 유의성은 없었다. 한편 평균 폐동맥압은 BLS 동안 폐쇄식군에서 32$\pm$10 mmHg로 평균 체동 맥압과 비슷한 정도로 증가하였으나 개흉식군은 22$\pm$4 mmHg로 평균 체동맥압의 약 50%정도까지만 증가하였고, ALS 동안에도 폐쇄식군은 32$\pm$15 mmHg로 개흉식군의 24$\pm$10 mmHg보다 높게 유지되었으나 통계처리상 유의성 은 없었다. 자발성 순환회복(restoration of spontaneous circulation; ROSC) 및 심폐소생 성공 여부에서 폐 쇄식군은 4마리 모두 사망하였으나 개흉식군은 5마리중 4마리가 생존하였고 생존기간은 384$\pm$705시간이였다 (p<.05). 결론: 본 연구 결과 개흉식 심폐소생술은 폐쇄식 소생술에 비해 비록 통계학상의 차이는 없었으나 소생술 기간 동안 비교해서 안정된 혈역학 상태를 유지하여서 자발성 순환회복 및 장단기 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있었다고 판단된다. Background: Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should provide acceptable hemodynamics for the vital organs during cardiac arrest and early restoration of spontaneous circulation that guarantees long-term, neurologically intact survival. CPR using heart-lung bypass has been suggested as an option for that use. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of standard CPR techniques, closed-vs. open-chest CPR, which could be used in the future study verifying the role of heart-lung bypass CPR. Material and Method: By using adult mongrel dogs, closed-chest CPR (CCCPR, n=4) and open-chest CPR (OCCPR, n=5) were compared with respects to hemodynamics, restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), and survival. Ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest (VF-CA) was induced by electrical shock in all animals. After 4 minutes of cardiac arrest, basic life support (BLS) was applied for 15 minutes and followed by advanced life support (ALS). ALS was maintained until achi ving ROSC but not longer than 30 minutes regardless of the recovery. Resuscitation procedures in either group were standardized by adopting the protocol of American Heart Association. Result: Prearrest baseline hemodynamic data was not different between two groups. During resuscitation, substantially higher systolic pressure was maintained in OCCPR group than in CCCPR group (45$\pm$15 vs. 33$\pm$11 mmHg during BLS, 83$\pm$36 vs. 44$\pm$15 mmHg during ALS; p=NS). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure went up to the level of mean systemic arterial pressures in CCCPR group and to half of that in OCCPR group, and had kept higher in CCCPR group throughout CPR (32$\pm$10 vs. 22$\pm$4 mmHg during BLS and 32$\pm$15 vs. 24$\pm$10 mmHg during ALS; p=NS). ROSC was obtained in 4 of 5 dogs receiving open-chest CPR and 2 of 4 closed-chest CPR. Prolonged survival was noted in all dogs in OCCPR group (6 to 1440 hours) but not in CCPR group (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that open-chest CPR can be more effective t maintain hemodynamics during cardiac arrest and to obtain restoration of spontaneous circulation and survival. Further experiment will be designed to compare heart-lung bypass CPR with open-chest CPR.

한국형 이동식 심폐소생기 개발 보고 II. 응급소생술을 위한 이동식 심폐소생기의 동물 실험 연구

김형묵,이인성,백만종,선경,김광택,이혜원,이규백,장준근,김종원,김학제,Kim, Hyoung-Mook,Lee, In-Sung,Baek, Man-Jong,Sun, Kyung,Kim, Kwang-Taik,Lee, Hye-Won,Lee, Kyu-Back,Chang, Jun-Kuen,Kim, Chong-Won,Kim, Hark-Jei 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1998 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.31 No.12

배경:이동식 인공심폐기는 심정지 기간 동안 안정한 혈역학 상태를 유지하여 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있기 때문에 강력하고 효과적인 심폐소생법의 하나로 그의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구진은 초기모델의 한국형 이동식 심폐소생기를 이용한 심폐소생술과 기존의 개흉식 심폐소생술을 비교하여 혈역학 유지와 소생 여부 및 신체장기들에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 한국산 잡견 8마리(30∼51kg)를 대상으로 개흉식 심폐소생술군과 심폐소생기를 이용한 심폐소생술군으로 각각 4마리 씩 나누었다. 4분 간의 심실세동형 심정지 기간이 지난 후 15분 간의 기본 심폐소생술(basic life support; BLS)을 실시하고 30분 간의 고급 심폐소생술(advanced life support; ALS)을 실시하여 자발순환회복, 혈역학 상태, 혈구성분에 미치는 효과, 혈액 가스 검사, 생화학 검사 및 생존율 등을 알아보았다. 심장압박과 폐환기는 두 군 모두 동일한 조건으로 유지하였으며, 고급 심폐소생술 시작과 동시에 제세동을 하고 에피네프린 및 탄산수소나트륨을 투여하여 자발순환회복을 유도하였다. 측정한 관찰값은 심정지전 관찰값으로부터의 변화율(%)로 환산하여 평균±표준편차로 표시하였다. 결과: 고급 심폐소생술 초기에 평균 체동맥압은 심폐소생기군에서 개흉식 심폐소생술군 보다 높게 유지되었고 (90±19% vs. 71±32%, p<.05), 평균 폐동맥압은 심폐소생기군이 개흉식 심폐소생술군 보다 낮게 유지되었다 (105±24% vs. 146±6%, p<.05). 자발순환회복은 모든 실험견에서 나타났다. 자발순환회복 후 심폐소생기군에서 혈중 헤마토크리트치, 적혈구와 혈소판 수가 유의하게 감소하였고 혈중 유리헤모글로빈치는 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 혈액가스검사와 lactate 및 CK-MB치는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 실험 후 조기사망은 심폐소생기군에서 2마리, 개흉식 심폐소생술군에서 3마리에서 있었다(생존기간 228±153 vs. 31±36 시간, p=ns). 나머지는 모두 장기 생존율을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구결과 이동식 심폐소생기를 이용한 심폐소생술은 심정지 기간 동안 안정한 혈역학 상태를 유지하여 자발순환회복 및 장단기 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 추후 이동식 심폐소생기 개선과 임상적용을 위해 초기모델을 수정 보완하는 실험연구가 더 필요하리라 본다. Background: Portable cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) technique has been used increasingly as a potent and effective option for emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) because it can maintain more stable hemodynamics and provide better survival than conventional CPR techniques. This study was designed to develop a prototype of Korean portable CPB system and, by applying it to CPR, to discriminate whether it would be superior to standard open-chest CPR. Material and Method: By using adult mongrel dogs, open-chest CPR(OCPR group, n=4) and portable-CPB CPR(CPB group, n=4) were compared with respects to restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), hemodynamics, effects on blood cells, blood gas patterns, biochemical markers, and survivals. Ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest(VF-CA) of arrest(VF-CA) of 4 minutes followed by basic life support(BLS) of 15 minutes was applied in either group, which was standardized by the protocol of American Heart Association. Then, advanced life support(ALS) was applied to either group under the support of internal cardiac massage or CPB. ALS was maintained until ROSC was achieved but not longer than 30 minutes regardless of the presence of ROSC. All of the measured values were expressed as means±SD percent change from baseline. Result: During the early ALS, higher mean arterial pressure was maintained in CPB group than in OCPR group(90±19 vs. 71±32 %; p<.05) and lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure was also maintained in CPB group than in OCPR group(105±24 vs. 146±6%; p<.05). ROSC was achieved in all dogs. Post-ROSC levels of hematocrit, RBC, and platelet were decreased and plasma free hemoglobin was increased significantly in CPB group compared to OCPR group(p<.05). Changes in blood gas patterns, lactate, and CK-MB levels were not different between groups. Early mortality was seen in 3 dogs in OCPR group(survival time 31±36 hours) and 2 in CPB group(228±153 hours, p=ns). The remainders in both groups showed prolonged survival. Conclusion: These findings indicate that portable CPB can be effective to maintain stable hemodynamics during cardiac arrest, to achieve ROSC and to prolong survival. Further study is needed to refine the portable CPB system and to meet clinical challenges.

식도 재건술 시 흉강경용기계문합기을 이용한 경부식-장문합술

김일현,김광택,박성민,이승렬,백만종,선경,김형묵,이인성,Kim, Il-Hyeon,Kim, Kwang-Taik,Park, Sung-Min,Lee, Seung-Yeoll,Baek, Man-Jong,Sun, Kyung,Kim, Hyoung-Mook,Lee, In-Sung 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1999 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.32 No.10

Background: The use of the stapler n esophageal reconstruction after esophageal resection for benign or malignant esophageal diseases has become popular because it has less leakage at the anastomotic site and shorter operation time than manual sutures. However, the use of classic circular stapler has some complications such as stenosis and dysphagia that requires additional treatment. Such complications are closely related to the inner diameter of the anastomotic sites. In this study, the diameter of anastomotic site was compared after the use of circular stapler(EEA) and straight endoscopic stapler(endo GIA). Material and Method: The patients who received esophageal reconstruction by stapler from August 1995 to September 1997 were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups. One group need the circular stapler, and the other group the straight endo GIA(14 cases with endo GIA 30mm, 24 with endo GIA 45mm). After a cervical esophago-enteric anastomosis, the stricture of anastomotic site and the incidence of dysphagia were compared between the 2 groups using an esophagography and the patient's symptoms. The follow-up period was 12months in average. Result: In the former group in which the circular stapler was used, 2 cases of anastomotic stenosis were reported. In comparison, none were reported in the latter group. Dysphagia were reported in 8 cases of the former group, and in 3 cases of the latter group(1 case in endo GIA 30 mm, 2 cases in endo GIA 45 mm). Conclusion: The use of endo GIA in esophago-enteric anastomosis resulted in a wider diameter of the anastomotic site, lesser stricture, and lesser incidence of dysphagia compared to the use of former circular stapler. Therefore, it is thought to be a better method in esophageal reconstructions.

전문가 설문조사를 통한 탄소중립도시 조성 단계별 이해관계자 역할 설정-충북 혁신도시를 중심으로-

반영운 ( Yong Un Ban ),백종인 ( Jong In Baek ),최나래 ( Na Rae Choi ),김유미 ( Yu Mi Kim ),우혜미 ( Hye Mi Woo ) 한국지역개발학회 2011 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

This study has intended to allot roles of stakeholders in accordance with development phases of a carbon-neutral innovation city, being constructed in Chungbuk-do. To reach this goal, this study has been composed of three steps. First, this study has described the development phases of carbon-neutral new city, set stakeholders of urban governance, and major governance activities according to development phases. Second, this study has performed a survey targeting twenty one professionals related to the topic based on several premises already set. Third, this study has employed an AHP (Analytical Hierarchic Process) to draw relative importance of stakeholders participants and to set priorities of roles of stakeholders by development phases. Based on the analysis, this study has shown the following results. First, the highest relative weights have been assigned to the public participants, especially central government. Second, as for roles of public participants, both central and metropolitan governments provide administrative and financial supports for participants, Third, companies to move-in draw up guidelines in planning phase, apply carbon-neutral techniques to their buildings in project promotion phase, and make operations and management policies in operations and management phase. Fourth, residents to move-in promote awareness of carbon neutrality in planning phase, monitor the promotion process in project promotion phase and the operations and management policies in operations and management phase. Finally, academias and experts advise techniques both in planning and project promotion phases and provide administrative and financial supports in operations and management phase.

신생아실에서 발견되는 프래더 윌리 증후군의 임상적 특징

백상훈 ( Sang Hun Baek ),안소윤 ( So Yoon Ahn ),이명숙,한영미,성세인 ( Se In Sung ),심재원 ( Jae Won Shim ),황종희 ( Jong Hee Hwang ),진동규 ( Dong Kyu Jin ),박원순 ( Won Soon Park ),장윤실 ( Yun Sil Chang ) 대한주산의학회 2012 Perinatology Vol.23 No.2

목적: 프래더 윌리 증후군을 조기에 진단하는 것은 환자의 치료 및 계획을 세우는데 있어 매우 중요하다. 우리나라에서는 아직 프래더 윌리 증후군 환자의 신생아 시기의 임상적, 식이적 특징이 체계적으로 보고된 적이 없어 이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 1997년부터 2011년까지 15년간 프래더 윌리 증후군으로 확진 받은 환자들에서 삼성서울병원 신생아중환자실입원 병력이 있었던 14명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 이들을 대상으로 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였으며, 각 환자들을 출생 시 특징, 임상적 특징, 식이, 진단과 호르몬 치료의 4가지 군으로 분류하였다. 결과: 환자들의 출생 시 특징을 보면, 산모의 나이는 31.5±4.5세였으며, 5명(35.7%)이 초산부였다. 양수과소증이 2례 (14.2%), 양수과다증은 4례(28.5%)가 있었고, 5례(35.7%)의 산모에서 태동의 미약함을 호소하였었고, 4례(28.5%)에서 태아 호흡 곤란증을 보였다. 평균 재태연령은 38.1±2.2주로 12명(85%)이 만삭아였고, 1명(7.1%)은 과숙아(재태연령 42+5 주), 1명(7.1%)은 미숙아(32+0주)였다. 출생 시 평균 체중은 2,509.0±442.5 그람 이였고 5명(35.7%)이 출생체중 부당경량아였다. 임상특징으로는 14명의 환자 모두(100%) 저긴장증(hypotonia)과 출생시 약한 울음(weak cry)을 보였다. 9명 (64.5%)에서 특징적인 얼굴 이형성증을 보였다. 9명의 남자 환자 모두에서(100%) 잠복고환이 있었다. 식이 진행도 처음입원 시부터 원활하지 않아 경관식이로 시작하였고, 입으로 빠는 힘도 약하였다(100%). 퇴원 시 경구 수유 대 경관 식이량 비율은 평균 39.4±36.6%로 경관식이 병행 시에도 경관으로 들어가는 식이 비중이 높았다. 경관 식이 병행 기간은 평균 3.2±2.0개월이었다. 프래더 윌리 증후군 확진 시기는 19일에서부터 96개월까지로 다양하였으며, 중앙값은 1.5개월이었다. 14명 중 7명(50%)은 신생아 시기인 1개월 내에 진단되었다. 후반부로 갈수록 진단까지 걸리는 일 수가 짧아지는 경향을 보였으나 작은 표본 수로 인해 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 성장호르몬 투여 시기의 중앙값은 2.0세, 진단부터 성장 호르몬 치료까지 걸린 평균기간은 2.2±2.0년이었다. 결론: 신생아 시기에 위에서 언급한 특징을 지닌 환자들을 의심하고 검사하는 것이 진단으로 가는 혼란을 줄이고, 빠른 진단을 통한 체계적인 계획을 수립하는데 필수적이다. 신생아 시기에 빠른 진단은 향후 환자의 치료 성과 및 장기 예후 향상에도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: In Korea, neonatal clinical features and feeding pattern are not reported systematically. So we report the neonatal presentation of Prader-Willi syndrome, Methods: This is a retrospective study of 14 neonate with Prader-Willi syndrome whose diagnosed in neonatal intensive care unit, Samsung Medical Center between January 1st 1997 and December 30th 2011, Results: The birth characteristics of patients, maternal age was 31.5±4.5 years and 5 (35.7%) were primiparous. Oligohydramnios were reported in 2 cases (14.2%), polyhydramnios were reported in 4 cases (28.5%). 5 pregnancies (35.7%) had complained that decreased fetal movements. Mean gestational age were 38.1±2.2 weeks and 12 patients (85%) were term infants, one patient (7.1%) was post term infant, the other patient was preterm infants (7.1%), The average weight at birth were 2509.0±442.5 grams. All 14 patients (100%) had hypotonia and a weak cry at birth. 9 patients (64.5%) had the characteristic facial dysplasia. In all, nine male patients (100%) had cryptorchidism, All patients had weak sucking power, so they started to eat via nasogastric tube at birth, The mean duration of use nasogastric tube were 3.2±2.0 months. The median age of diagnosis were 1.5 months, 7 cases (50%) were diagnosed within one month of life, Median time of starting GH treatment was 2.0 years, The mean interval of from diagnosis to treatment of growth hormone were 2.2±2.0 years. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome is a very important to improve long-term prognosis.

가법형 통합지수법을 이용한 물리적(객관적) 농촌 경관 평가

백종인(Baek Jong In),이영훈(Lee Yong Hoon),나상일(Na Sang Il),반영운(Ban Yong Un) 대한지리학회 2008 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

외국인근로자 정책 및 법제개선에 관한 연구 - 독일의 외국인근로자 법제를 중심으로 -

백종인 ( Jong In Baek ),설재영 ( Jae Young Seol ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2007 고려법학 Vol.0 No.49

Korea is going to be faced with the aging society within years. That means our society will lack of economically active population because of an increase in the number of older people soon. The age composition of Korea is expected to move from one of mainly young people who can work to one in which the number of older people will outnumber the young. it is also expected that by 2050 the number of aged people will be doubled compared with the young. We can not help overcoming this problem through foreign workers. So Korea took "the foreign industrial trainee system" to accept the international movement of human capital and then has operated this system with changing into working permit system since August 2004. Germany had experienced the need of work force with the rapid economical renaissance and introduced the industrial trainee system to solve this problem in 1950`s. However, with the principle of circulated introduction of foreign workers in 1964, this system had no meaning of great importance anymore. In 1970`s, being abolished this system because of the increased cost for introducing new work forces, foreign workers could hold the permanent residentship legally possible for inviting their family members who lived their mother countries. Despite an action suspending the recruitment for unskilled foreign work force was operated in 1973, since then, the permanent residence system had been criticized. Through a series of policies for introducing the foreign workers, Germany became an immigrant country. Korea enacted the Act for Employment Foreign Workforce and operated the employment permit system in August 2004. However, this policy has many problems such as legal loopholes, lack of rationality of the act and mass-production of illegal sojourners. Therefore, this paper comparatively examines German statutes relating to the foreign workers and our employment permit system and seeks legal and political problems of our systems. And then, it suggests some practical ways to reform these problems.

논문(論文) : 미국 장애인교육법상 최소제한환경원칙에 관한 사법적 판단기준에 대한 고찰

백종인 ( Jong In Baek ) 대한교육법학회 2007 敎育 法學 硏究 Vol.19 No.1

통합교육은 교육정책과 방법의 문제만이 아니라 규범적 문제이다. 그러나 통합교육에 관한 규범적 이해와 접근이 충분하지 않은 것이 우리의 현실이다. 한편 미국에서는 통합교육의 원칙인 최소제한환경에 관한 원칙이 1975년 입법화된 이래 이에 관한 논쟁이 끊이지 않았고 판례 역시 다수가 축적되어 있다. 특히 연방항소법원이 제시한 기준들은 이 원칙의 해석과 적용에 있어 IDEA의 입법적 의미의 명확화, 그 적용상의 지침제시 및 입법적 발전에 큰 역할을 하였다. 이에 본고에서는 미국에서의 최소제한환경원칙에 관한 사법적 판단기준과 그 쟁점에 관한 고찰을 통하여 우리나라의 통합교육에 관한 규범적 해석과 적용에 관한 올바른 이해와 함께 법리발견을 위한 유용한 시사점을 발견하고자 하였다. It has been more than 10 years since inclusion was provided in our Special Education Promotion Law of 1994. Due to the lack of legal cases and academic materials available on the subject, we still do not have a definite understanding about what the right to inclusive educations is, or how the right should be applied to real educational settings. On the other hand, there are many legal cases on the principle of Least Restrictive Environment(LRE), the principle of inclusion, in Individual with Disability Education Act(IDEA) of the U. S. A. Therefore, we are able to get useful insights about the meaning of inclusive education and it`s application through the study on legal cases over the LRE in IDEA. This paper examines the judicial opinions on the LRE focused on the standards of the LRE decision established by the federal circuit courts in U. S. and additionally overviews the primary legal issues discussed in LRE court decisions through the LRE cases.

도시거버넌스 기반 청주시 도시계획체계 분석 : 살고싶은도시만들기 시범도시 사업을 중심으로

백종인(Baek Jong In),반영운(Ban Yong Un) 한국지역개발학회 2010 한국지역개발학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.6

This study has intended to analyze the urban planning system and policies, especially urban planning policy, based on urban governance. An integrated urban governance model, which was used as the analysis frame, was developed through definition, characteristics, and components of urban governance. Using the urban governance model, this study analyzed the 'Livable City Development Demonstration Project'. This project with bottom-up approach has been being promoted based on the participation of stakeholders, especially the residents. The urban governance model consisted of four categories including structure, process, relational mechanism, and policy program. Based on the analysis, this study has provided the following suggestions: 1) to make council to build a partnership among stakeholders; 2) to form a task force team(TFT) to monitor the performance of the project; 3) to enhance the level of residents' participation, trust between stakeholders, publicity, the quality of education and experience program; 4) to provide professional support to facilitate stakeholders on the purpose of effective participation with professional human resources and financial support; 5) to established a feedback system for sustainable management.